Bio::Phylo::Matrices::MatrixRole - Extra behaviours for a character state matrix
use Bio::Phylo::Factory; my $fac = Bio::Phylo::Factory->new; # instantiate taxa object my $taxa = $fac->create_taxa; for ( 'Homo sapiens', 'Pan paniscus', 'Pan troglodytes' ) { $taxa->insert( $fac->create_taxon( '-name' => $_ ) ); } # instantiate matrix object, 'standard' data type. All categorical # data types follow semantics like this, though with different # symbols in lookup table and matrix my $standard_matrix = $fac->create_matrix( '-type' => 'STANDARD', '-taxa' => $taxa, '-lookup' => { '-' => [], '0' => [ '0' ], '1' => [ '1' ], '?' => [ '0', '1' ], }, '-labels' => [ 'Opposable big toes', 'Opposable thumbs', 'Not a pygmy' ], '-matrix' => [ [ 'Homo sapiens' => '0', '1', '1' ], [ 'Pan paniscus' => '1', '1', '0' ], [ 'Pan troglodytes' => '1', '1', '1' ], ], ); # note: complicated constructor for mixed data! my $mixed_matrix = Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix->new( # if you want to create 'mixed', value for '-type' is array ref... '-type' => [ # ...with first field 'mixed'... 'mixed', # ...second field is an array ref... [ # ...with _ordered_ key/value pairs... 'dna' => 10, # value is length of type range 'standard' => 10, # value is length of type range # ... or, more complicated, value is a hash ref... 'rna' => { '-length' => 10, # value is length of type range # ...value for '-args' is an array ref with args # as can be passed to 'unmixed' datatype constructors, # for example, here we modify the lookup table for # rna to allow both 'U' (default) and 'T' '-args' => [ '-lookup' => { 'A' => [ 'A' ], 'C' => [ 'C' ], 'G' => [ 'G' ], 'U' => [ 'U' ], 'T' => [ 'T' ], 'M' => [ 'A', 'C' ], 'R' => [ 'A', 'G' ], 'S' => [ 'C', 'G' ], 'W' => [ 'A', 'U', 'T' ], 'Y' => [ 'C', 'U', 'T' ], 'K' => [ 'G', 'U', 'T' ], 'V' => [ 'A', 'C', 'G' ], 'H' => [ 'A', 'C', 'U', 'T' ], 'D' => [ 'A', 'G', 'U', 'T' ], 'B' => [ 'C', 'G', 'U', 'T' ], 'X' => [ 'G', 'A', 'U', 'T', 'C' ], 'N' => [ 'G', 'A', 'U', 'T', 'C' ], }, ], }, ], ], ); # prints 'mixed(Dna:1-10, Standard:11-20, Rna:21-30)' print $mixed_matrix->get_type;
This module defines a container object that holds Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Datum objects. The matrix object inherits from Bio::Phylo::Listable, so the methods defined there apply here.
Matrix constructor.
Type : Constructor Title : new Usage : my $matrix = Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix->new; Function: Instantiates a Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix object. Returns : A Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix object. Args : -type => optional, but if used must be FIRST argument, defines datatype, one of dna|rna|protein| continuous|standard|restriction|[ mixed => [] ] -taxa => optional, link to taxa object -lookup => character state lookup hash ref -labels => array ref of character labels -matrix => two-dimensional array, first element of every row is label, subsequent are characters
Matrix constructor from Bio::Align::AlignI argument.
Type : Constructor Title : new_from_bioperl Usage : my $matrix = Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix->new_from_bioperl( $aln ); Function: Instantiates a Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix object. Returns : A Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix object. Args : An alignment that implements Bio::Align::AlignI
Sets three special symbols in one call
Type : Mutator Title : set_special_symbols Usage : $matrix->set_special_symbols( -missing => '?', -gap => '-', -matchchar => '.' ); Function: Assigns state labels. Returns : $self Args : Three args (with distinct $x, $y and $z): -missing => $x, -gap => $y, -matchchar => $z Notes : This method is here to ensure you don't accidentally use the same symbol for missing AND gap
Sets argument character labels.
Type : Mutator Title : set_charlabels Usage : $matrix->set_charlabels( [ 'char1', 'char2', 'char3' ] ); Function: Assigns character labels. Returns : $self Args : ARRAY, or nothing (to reset);
Set contents using two-dimensional array argument.
Type : Mutator Title : set_raw Usage : $matrix->set_raw( [ [ 'taxon1' => 'acgt' ], [ 'taxon2' => 'acgt' ] ] ); Function: Syntax sugar to define $matrix data contents. Returns : $self Args : A two-dimensional array; first dimension contains matrix rows, second dimension contains taxon name / character string pair.
Retrieves hash ref for missing, gap and matchchar symbols
Type : Accessor Title : get_special_symbols Usage : my %syms = %{ $matrix->get_special_symbols }; Function: Retrieves special symbols Returns : HASH ref, e.g. { -missing => '?', -gap => '-', -matchchar => '.' } Args : None.
Retrieves character labels.
Type : Accessor Title : get_charlabels Usage : my @charlabels = @{ $matrix->get_charlabels }; Function: Retrieves character labels. Returns : ARRAY Args : None.
Calculates number of characters.
Type : Accessor Title : get_nchar Usage : my $nchar = $matrix->get_nchar; Function: Calculates number of characters (columns) in matrix (if the matrix is non-rectangular, returns the length of the longest row). Returns : INT Args : none
Calculates number of taxa (rows) in matrix.
Type : Accessor Title : get_ntax Usage : my $ntax = $matrix->get_ntax; Function: Calculates number of taxa (rows) in matrix Returns : INT Args : none
Retrieves a 'raw' (two-dimensional array) representation of the matrix's contents.
Type : Accessor Title : get_raw Usage : my $rawmatrix = $matrix->get_raw; Function: Retrieves a 'raw' (two-dimensional array) representation of the matrix's contents. Returns : A two-dimensional array; first dimension contains matrix rows, second dimension contains taxon name and characters. Args : NONE
Type : Accessor Title : get_ungapped_columns Usage : my @ungapped = @{ $matrix->get_ungapped_columns }; Function: Retrieves the zero-based column indices of columns without gaps Returns : An array reference with zero or more indices (i.e. integers) Args : NONE
Type : Accessor Title : get_invariant_columns Usage : my @invariant = @{ $matrix->get_invariant_columns }; Function: Retrieves the zero-based column indices of invariant columns Returns : An array reference with zero or more indices (i.e. integers) Args : Optional: -gap => if true, counts the gap symbol (probably '-') as a variant -missing => if true, counts the missing symbol (probably '?') as a variant
Calculates size distribution of insertions or deletions
Type : Calculation Title : calc_indel_sizes Usage : my %sizes = %{ $matrix->calc_indel_sizes }; Function: Calculates the size distribution of indels. Returns : HASH Args : Optional: -trim => if true, disregards indels at start and end -insertions => if true, counts insertions, if false, counts deletions
Calculates proportion of invariant sites.
Type : Calculation Title : calc_prop_invar Usage : my $pinvar = $matrix->calc_prop_invar; Function: Calculates proportion of invariant sites. Returns : Scalar: a number Args : Optional: # if true, counts missing (usually the '?' symbol) as a state # in the final tallies. Otherwise, missing states are ignored -missing => 1 # if true, counts gaps (usually the '-' symbol) as a state # in the final tallies. Otherwise, gap states are ignored -gap => 1
Calculates occurrences of states.
Type : Calculation Title : calc_state_counts Usage : my %counts = %{ $matrix->calc_state_counts }; Function: Calculates occurrences of states. Returns : Hashref: keys are states, values are counts Args : Optional - one or more states to focus on
Calculates the frequencies of the states observed in the matrix.
Type : Calculation Title : calc_state_frequencies Usage : my %freq = %{ $object->calc_state_frequencies() }; Function: Calculates state frequencies Returns : A hash, keys are state symbols, values are frequencies Args : Optional: # if true, counts missing (usually the '?' symbol) as a state # in the final tallies. Otherwise, missing states are ignored -missing => 1 # if true, counts gaps (usually the '-' symbol) as a state # in the final tallies. Otherwise, gap states are ignored -gap => 1 Comments: Throws exception if matrix holds continuous values
Identifies the distinct distributions of states for all characters and counts their occurrences. Returns an array-of-arrays, where the first cell of each inner array holds the occurrence count, the second cell holds the pattern, i.e. an array of states. For example, for a matrix like this:
taxon1 GTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTG taxon2 AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGA taxon3 TCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCT taxon4 TCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCT taxon5 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA taxon6 CGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGC taxon7 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
The following data structure will be returned:
[ [ 12, [ 'G', 'A', 'T', 'T', 'A', 'C', 'A' ] ], [ 11, [ 'T', 'G', 'C', 'C', 'A', 'G', 'A' ] ] ]
The patterns are sorted from most to least frequently occurring, the states for each pattern are in the order of the rows in the matrix. (In other words, the original matrix can more or less be reconstructed by inverting the patterns, and multiplying them by their occurrence, although the order of the columns will be lost.)
Type : Calculation Title : calc_distinct_site_patterns Usage : my $patterns = $object->calc_distinct_site_patterns; Function: Calculates distinct site patterns. Returns : A multidimensional array, see above. Args : NONE Comments:
Calculates the G+C content as a fraction on the total
Type : Calculation Title : calc_gc_content Usage : my $fraction = $obj->calc_gc_content; Function: Calculates G+C content Returns : A number between 0 and 1 (inclusive) Args : Optional: # if true, counts missing (usually the '?' symbol) as a state # in the final tallies. Otherwise, missing states are ignored -missing => 1 # if true, counts gaps (usually the '-' symbol) as a state # in the final tallies. Otherwise, gap states are ignored -gap => 1 Comments: Throws 'BadArgs' exception if matrix holds anything other than DNA or RNA. The calculation also takes the IUPAC symbol S (which is C|G) into account, but no other symbols (such as V, for A|C|G);
Calculates the median character sequence of the matrix
Type : Calculation Title : calc_median_sequence Usage : my $seq = $obj->calc_median_sequence; Function: Calculates median sequence Returns : Array in list context, string in scalar context Args : Optional: -ambig => if true, uses ambiguity codes to summarize equally frequent states for a given character. Otherwise picks a random one. -missing => if true, keeps the missing symbol (probably '?') if this is the most frequent for a given character. Otherwise strips it. -gaps => if true, keeps the gap symbol (probably '-') if this is the most frequent for a given character. Otherwise strips it. Comments: The intent of this method is to provide a crude approximation of the most commonly occurring sequences in an alignment, for example as a starting sequence for a sequence simulator. This gives you something to work with if ancestral sequence calculation is too computationally intensive and/or not really necessary.
Creates a cloned matrix that only keeps the characters at the supplied (zero-based) indices.
Type : Utility method Title : keep_chars Usage : my $clone = $object->keep_chars([6,3,4,1]); Function: Creates spliced clone. Returns : A spliced clone of the invocant. Args : Required, an array ref of integers Comments: The columns are retained in the order in which they were supplied.
Creates a cloned matrix that omits the characters at the supplied (zero-based) indices.
Type : Utility method Title : prune_chars Usage : my $clone = $object->prune_chars([6,3,4,1]); Function: Creates spliced clone. Returns : A spliced clone of the invocant. Args : Required, an array ref of integers Comments: The columns are retained in the order in which they were supplied.
Creates a cloned matrix that omits the characters for which all taxa have the same state (or missing);
Type : Utility method Title : prune_invariant Usage : my $clone = $object->prune_invariant; Function: Creates spliced clone. Returns : A spliced clone of the invocant. Args : None Comments: The columns are retained in the order in which they were supplied.
Creates a cloned matrix that omits all uninformative characters. Uninformative are considered characters where all non-missing values are either invariant or autapomorphies.
Type : Utility method Title : prune_uninformative Usage : my $clone = $object->prune_uninformative; Function: Creates spliced clone. Returns : A spliced clone of the invocant. Args : None Comments: The columns are retained in the order in which they were supplied.
Creates a cloned matrix that omits all characters for which the invocant only has missing and/or gap states.
Type : Utility method Title : prune_missing_and_gaps Usage : my $clone = $object->prune_missing_and_gaps; Function: Creates spliced clone. Returns : A spliced clone of the invocant. Args : None Comments: The columns are retained in the order in which they were supplied.
Creates bootstrapped clone.
Type : Utility method Title : bootstrap Usage : my $bootstrap = $object->bootstrap; Function: Creates bootstrapped clone. Returns : A bootstrapped clone of the invocant. Args : Optional, a subroutine reference that returns a random integer between 0 (inclusive) and the argument provided to it (exclusive). The default implementation is to use sub { int( rand( shift ) ) }, a user might override this by providing an implementation with a better random number generator. Comments: The bootstrapping algorithm uses perl's random number generator to create a new series of indices (without replacement) of the same length as the original matrix. These indices are first sorted, then applied to the cloned sequences. Annotations (if present) stay connected to the resampled cells.
Creates jackknifed clone.
Type : Utility method Title : jackknife Usage : my $bootstrap = $object->jackknife(0.5); Function: Creates jackknifed clone. Returns : A jackknifed clone of the invocant. Args : * Required, a number between 0 and 1, representing the fraction of characters to jackknife. * Optional, a subroutine reference that returns a random integer between 0 (inclusive) and the argument provided to it (exclusive). The default implementation is to use sub { int( rand( shift ) ) }, a user might override this by providing an implementation with a better random number generator. Comments: The jackknife algorithm uses perl's random number generator to create a new series of indices of cells to keep. These indices are first sorted, then applied to the cloned sequences. Annotations (if present) stay connected to the resampled cells.
Creates simulated replicate.
Type : Utility method Title : replicate Usage : my $replicate = $matrix->replicate($tree); Function: Creates simulated replicate. Returns : A simulated replicate of the invocant. Args : Tree to simulate the characters on. Optional: -seed => a random integer seed -model => an object of class Bio::Phylo::Models::Substitution::Dna or Bio::Phylo::Models::Substitution::Binary -random_rootseq => start DNA sequence simulation from random ancestral sequence instead of the median sequence in the alignment. Comments: Requires Statistics::R, with 'ape', 'phylosim', 'phangorn' and 'phytools'. If model is not given as argument, it will be estimated.
Insert argument in invocant.
Type : Listable method Title : insert Usage : $matrix->insert($datum); Function: Inserts $datum in $matrix. Returns : Modified object Args : A datum object Comments: This method re-implements the method by the same name in Bio::Phylo::Listable
Removes unused states from lookup table
Type : Method Title : validate Usage : $obj->compress_lookup Function: Removes unused states from lookup table Returns : $self Args : None
Validates taxa associations.
Type : Method Title : check_taxa Usage : $obj->check_taxa Function: Validates relation between matrix and taxa block Returns : Modified object Args : None Comments: This method implements the interface method by the same name in Bio::Phylo::Taxa::TaxaLinker
Creates a taxa block from the objects contents if none exists yet.
Type : Method Title : make_taxa Usage : my $taxa = $obj->make_taxa Function: Creates a taxa block from the objects contents if none exists yet. Returns : $taxa Args : NONE
Serializes matrix to nexml format.
Type : Format convertor Title : to_xml Usage : my $data_block = $matrix->to_xml; Function: Converts matrix object into a nexml element structure. Returns : Nexml block (SCALAR). Args : Optional: -compact => 1 (for compact representation of matrix)
Serializes matrix to nexus format.
Type : Format convertor Title : to_nexus Usage : my $data_block = $matrix->to_nexus; Function: Converts matrix object into a nexus data block. Returns : Nexus data block (SCALAR). Args : The following options are available: # if set, writes TITLE & LINK tokens '-links' => 1 # if set, writes block as a "data" block (deprecated, but used by mrbayes), # otherwise writes "characters" block (default) -data_block => 1 # if set, writes "RESPECTCASE" token -respectcase => 1 # if set, writes "GAPMODE=(NEWSTATE or MISSING)" token -gapmode => 1 # if set, writes "MSTAXA=(POLYMORPH or UNCERTAIN)" token -polymorphism => 1 # if set, writes character labels -charlabels => 1 # if set, writes state labels -statelabels => 1 # if set, writes mesquite-style charstatelabels -charstatelabels => 1 # by default, names for sequences are derived from $datum->get_name, if # 'internal' is specified, uses $datum->get_internal_name, if 'taxon' # uses $datum->get_taxon->get_name, if 'taxon_internal' uses # $datum->get_taxon->get_internal_name, if $key, uses $datum->get_generic($key) -seqnames => one of (internal|taxon|taxon_internal|$key)
Analog to to_xml.
Type : Serializer Title : to_dom Usage : $matrix->to_dom Function: Generates a DOM subtree from the invocant and its contained objects Returns : an Element object Args : Optional: -compact => 1 : renders characters as sequences, not individual cells
There is a mailing list at https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bio-phylo for any user or developer questions and discussions.
This object inherits from Bio::Phylo::Taxa::TaxaLinker, so the methods defined therein are also applicable to Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix objects.
This object inherits from Bio::Phylo::Matrices::TypeSafeData, so the methods defined therein are also applicable to Bio::Phylo::Matrices::Matrix objects.
Also see the manual: Bio::Phylo::Manual and http://rutgervos.blogspot.com.
If you use Bio::Phylo in published research, please cite it:
Rutger A Vos, Jason Caravas, Klaas Hartmann, Mark A Jensen and Chase Miller, 2011. Bio::Phylo - phyloinformatic analysis using Perl. BMC Bioinformatics 12:63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-63
To install Bio::Phylo, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Bio::Phylo
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Bio::Phylo
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.