NAME

Muldis::D::Outdated::Core::Universal - Muldis D generic operators for all data types

VERSION

This document is Muldis::D::Outdated::Core::Universal version 0.148.2.

PREFACE

This document is part of the Muldis D language specification, whose root document is Muldis::D; you should read that root document before you read this one, which provides subservient details. Moreover, you should read the Muldis::D::Outdated::Core document before this current document, as that forms its own tree beneath a root document branch.

DESCRIPTION

This document describes essentially all of the core Muldis D generic universal operators, applicable to all data types.

GENERIC FUNCTIONS FOR ALL DATA TYPES

These functions are applicable to values of any data type at all.

sys.std.Core.Universal.is_same

function is_same (Bool <-- topic : Universal, other : Universal) {...}

This symmetric function results in Bool:True iff its 2 arguments are exactly the same value, and Bool:False otherwise. When this function results in Bool:True, its 2 arguments might actually differ in their internals, but the DBMS considers them alike in all of the ways that truly matter, such that nothing of significance would be lost if the DBMS were to replace any occurrance of one argument known to it with the other argument, and said replacement would be useable in all of the same ways by any code expecting the original. This function will warn if, in regards to the declared types of its arguments, none of the following are true: 1. they are both subtypes of a common scalar root type; 2. they are both subtypes of a common complete tuple or relation type, that is they essentially have the same headings; 3. at least one type is a generic (eg-Universal) or incomplete (eg-Relation) type, and it is a supertype of the other. Note that this operation is also known as is equal or =.

sys.std.Core.Universal.is_not_same

function is_not_same (Bool <-- topic : Universal, other : Universal) {...}

This symmetric function is exactly the same as sys.std.Core.Universal.is_same except that it results in the opposite boolean value when given the same arguments. Note that this operation is also known as is not equal or ≠ or !=.

sys.std.Core.Universal.is_value_of_type

function is_value_of_type (Bool <-- topic : Universal, type : APTypeNC) {...}

This function results in Bool:True iff the value of its topic argument is a member of the data type whose name is given in the type argument, and Bool:False otherwise. As trivial cases, this function always results in Bool:True if the named type is Universal, and Bool:False if it is Empty. This function will fail if the named type doesn't exist in the virtual machine. Note that this operation is also known as isa.

sys.std.Core.Universal.is_not_value_of_type

function is_not_value_of_type (Bool <-- topic : Universal, type : APTypeNC) {...}

This function is exactly the same as sys.std.Core.Universal.is_value_of_type except that it results in the opposite boolean value when given the same arguments. Note that this operation is also known as !isa or not-isa.

sys.std.Core.Universal.treated

function treated (Universal <-- topic : Universal, as : APTypeNC) {...}

This function results in the value of its topic argument, but that the declared type of the result is the not-Empty data type whose name is given in the as argument. This function will fail if the named type doesn't exist in the virtual machine, or if topic isn't a member of the named type. The purpose of treated is to permit taking values from a context having a more generic declared type, and using them in a context having a more specific declared type; such an action would otherwise be blocked at compile time due to a type-mismatch error; treated causes the type-mismatch validation, and possible failure, to happen at runtime instead, on the actual value rather than declared value. For example, if you are storing an Int value in a Scalar-typed variable, using treated will cause the compiler to let you use that variable as an argument to sys.std.Core.Integer.diff, which it otherwise wouldn't. Note that this operation is also known as as.

sys.std.Core.Universal.default

function default (Universal <-- of : APTypeNC) {...}

This function is the externalization of a not-Empty data type's type default named-value function. This function results in the default value of the not-Empty data type whose name is given in the of argument, and the declared type of the result is that same type. This function will fail if the named type doesn't exist in the virtual machine, either at compile or runtime depending whether the type is in the system or user namespace. This function is conceptually implicitly used to provide default values for variables, so they always hold valid values of their declared type.

sys.std.Core.Universal.assertion

function assertion (Universal <-- result : Universal, is_true : Bool) {...}

This function results in the value of its result argument, when its is_true argument is Bool:True. This function will fail if its is_true argument is Bool:False. The purpose of assertion is to perform condition assertions in a pure functional context that may be better done without the overhead of creating a new constrained data type, especially when the assertion is on some fact that is only known after performing calculations from multiple function arguments; this can potentially be done at compile time as per type constraints. Note that this operation is also known as asserting.

GENERIC UPDATERS FOR ALL DATA TYPES

These update operators are applicable to values of any data type at all.

sys.std.Core.Universal.assign

updater assign (&target : Universal, v : Universal) {...}

This update operator will update the variable supplied as its target argument so that it holds the value supplied as its v argument. This updater will fail if v isn't of the declared type of the variable behind target; this function will otherwise warn if the declared type of v isn't a subtype of the declared type of the variable behind target. Note that this operation is also known as :=.

SEE ALSO

Go to Muldis::D for the majority of distribution-internal references, and Muldis::D::SeeAlso for the majority of distribution-external references.

AUTHOR

Darren Duncan (darren@DarrenDuncan.net)

LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

This file is part of the formal specification of the Muldis D language.

Muldis D is Copyright © 2002-2011, Muldis Data Systems, Inc.

See the LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT of Muldis::D for details.

TRADEMARK POLICY

The TRADEMARK POLICY in Muldis::D applies to this file too.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS in Muldis::D apply to this file too.

cpanm Muldis::D::Outdated::Core::Universal

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Muldis::D::Outdated::Core::Universal