URI::db - Database URIs
use URI; my $db_uri = URI->new('db:pg://user@localhost'); my $pg_uri = URI->new('postgres://example.com/template1'); my $sl_uri = URI->new('sqlite:/var/db/widgets.db');
This class provides support for database URIs. They're inspired by JDBC URIs and PostgreSQL URIs, though they're a bit more formal. The specification for their format is documented in README.md.
Warning: This is an alpha release. I will do my best to preserve functionality going forward, especially as Sqitch uses this module. However, as the database URI specification moves forward, changes may require backwards-incompatible changes. Caveat Hackor.
A database URI is made up of these parts:
db:engine:[//[user[:password]@][host][:port]/][dbname][?params][#fragment]
db
The literal string db is the scheme that defines a database URI. Optional for well-known engines.
engine
A string identifying the database engine.
user
The user name to use when connecting to the database.
password
The password to use when connecting to the database.
host
The host address to connect to.
port
The network port to connect to.
dbname
The name of the database. For some engines, this will be a file name, in which case it may be a complete or local path, as appropriate.
params
A URI-standard GET query string representing additional parameters to be passed to the engine.
fragment
Identifies a database part, such as a table or view.
Some examples:
db:sqlite
db:sqlite:dbname
db:sqlite:/path/to/some.db
sqlite:../relative.db
db:firebird://localhost/%2Fpath/to/some.db
db:firebird://localhost//path/to/some.db
firebird://localhost/relative.db
db:pg://
db:pg://localhost
db:pg://localhost:5433
db:pg://localhost/mydb
db:pg://user@localhost
db:pg://user:secret@/mydb
pg:///mydb
pg://other@localhost/otherdb?connect_timeout=10&application_name=myapp
db://localhost/mydb
db:unknown://example.com/mydb
The following differences exist compared to the URI class interface:
URI
default_port
Returns the default port for the engine. This is a class method value defined by each recognized URI engine.
new
my $uri = URI::db->new($string); my $uri = URI::db->new($string, $base);
Always returns a URI::db object. $base may be another URI object or string. Unlike in URI's new(), the scheme will always be applied to the URI if it does not already have one.
$base
new()
scheme
my $scheme = $uri->scheme; $uri->scheme( $new_scheme );
Gets or sets the scheme part of the URI. For db: URIs, the scheme cannot be changed to any value other than "db" (or any case variation thereof). For non-db: URIs, the scheme may be changed to any value, though the URI object may no longer be a database URI.
db:
my $engine = $uri->engine; $uri->engine( $new_engine );
Gets or sets the engine part of the URI, which may be any valid URI scheme value, though recognized engines provide additional context, such as the default_port() and a driver-specific dbi_dsn().
default_port()
dbi_dsn()
If called with an argument, it updates the engine, possibly changing the class of the URI, and returns the old engine value.
canonical_engine
my $canonical_engine = $uri->canonical_engine;
Returns the canonical engine. A number of engine names are aliases for other engines. This method will return the non-aliased engine name. For example, the postgres engine will return the canonical engine pg, the sqlite3 returns the canonical engine sqlite, and maria returns the canonical engine mysql.
postgres
pg
sqlite3
sqlite
maria
mysql
my $dbname = $uri->dbname; $uri->dbname( $new_dbname );
Gets or sets the name of the database. If called with an argument, the path will also be updated.
my $host = $uri->host; $uri->host( $new_host );
Gets or sets the host to connect to.
my $port = $uri->port; $uri->port( $new_port );
Gets or sets the port to connect to.
my $user = $uri->user; $uri->user( $new_user );
Gets or sets the user name.
my $password = $uri->password; $uri->password( $new_password );
Gets or sets the password.
uri
Returns the underlying engine URI. For URIs starting with db:, this will be the URI that follows. For database URIs without db:, the URI itself will be returned.
has_recognized_engine
my $has_recognized_engine = $uri->has_recognized_engine;
Returns true if the engine is recognized by URI::db, and false if it is not. A recognized engine is simply one that inherits from URI::_db.
URI::_db
query_params
my @params = $uri->query_params;
Returns a list of key/value pairs representing all query parameters. Parameters specified more than once will be returned more than once, so avoid assigning to a hash. If you want a hash, use URI::QueryParam's query_from_hash(), where duplicate keys lead to an array of values for that key:
query_from_hash()
use URI::QueryParam; my $params = $uri->query_form_hash;
dbi_driver
if ( my $driver = $uri->dbi_driver ) { eval "require DBD::$driver" or die; }
Returns a string representing the DBI driver name for the database engine, if one is known. Returns undef if no driver is known.
undef
dbi_dsn
DBI->connect( $uri->dbi_dsn, $uri->user, $uri->password );
Returns a DBI DSN appropriate for use in a call to DBI->connect. The attributes will usually be pulled from the URI host name, port, and database name, as well as the query parameters. If no driver is known for the URI, the dbi:$driver: part of the DSN will be omitted, in which case you can use the $DBI_DRIVER environment variable to identify an appropriate driver. If the URI supports multiple drivers, pass the name of the one you want to dbi_dsn(). Currently only URI::myssql supports alternate drivers, ADO, ODBC, or Sybase. Otherwise, each database URI does its best to create a valid DBI DSN. Some examples:
DBI->connect
dbi:$driver:
$DBI_DRIVER
| URI | DSN | |--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------| | db:pg:try | dbi:Pg:dbname=try | | db:mysql://localhost:33/foo | dbi:mysql:host=localhost;port=33;database=foo | | db:db2://localhost:33/foo | dbi:DB2:HOSTNAME=localhost;PORT=33;DATABASE=foo | | db:vertica:dbadmin | dbi:ODBC:DSN=dbadmin | | db:mssql://foo.com/pubs?Driver=MSSQL | dbi:ODBC:Host=foo.com;Database=pubs;Driver=MSSQL |
dbi_params
my @params = $uri->dbi_params;
Returns a list of key/value pairs used as parameters in the DBI DSN, including query parameters. Parameters specified more than once will be returned more than once, so avoid assigning to a hash.
abs
my $abs = $uri->abs( $base_uri );
For db: URIs, simply returns the URI::db object itself. For Non-db: URIs, the behavior is the same as for URI including respect for $URI::ABS_ALLOW_RELATIVE_SCHEME.
$URI::ABS_ALLOW_RELATIVE_SCHEME
rel
my $rel = $uri->rel( $base_uri );
For db: URIs, simply returns the URI::db object itself. For Non-db: URIs, the behavior is the same as for URI.
canonical
my $canonical_uri = $uri->canonical;
Returns a normalized version of the URI. This behavior is the same for other URIs, except that the engine will be replaced with the value of canonical_engine if it is not already the canonical engine.
This module is stored in an open GitHub repository. Feel free to fork and contribute!
Please file bug reports via GitHub Issues or by sending mail to bug-URI-db@rt.cpan.org.
David E. Wheeler <david@justatheory.com>
Copyright (c) 2013-2023 David E. Wheeler. Some Rights Reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
To install URI::db, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm URI::db
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install URI::db
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.