#
# BioPerl module for Bio::Map::CytoPosition
#
# Please direct questions and support issues to <bioperl-l@bioperl.org>
#
# Cared for by Sendu Bala <bix@sendu.me.uk>
#
# Copyright Heikki Lehvaslaiho
#
# You may distribute this module under the same terms as perl itself
# POD documentation - main docs before the code
=head1 NAME
Bio::Map::CytoPosition - Marker class with cytogenetic band storing attributes
=head1 SYNOPSIS
$m1 = Bio::Map::CytoPosition->new ( '-id' => 'A1',
'-value' => '2q1-3'
);
$m2 = Bio::Map::CytoPosition->new ( '-id' => 'A2',
'-value' => '2q2'
);
if ($m1->cytorange->overlaps($m2->cytorange)) {
print "Makers overlap\n";
}
=head1 DESCRIPTION
CytoPosition is marker (Bio::Map::MarkerI compliant) with a location in a
cytogenetic map. See L<Bio::Map::MarkerI> for more information.
Cytogenetic locations are names of bands visible in stained mitotic
eucaryotic chromosomes. The naming follows strict rules which are
consistant at least in higher vertebates, e.g. mammals. The chromosome
name preceds the band names.
The shorter arm of the chromosome is called 'p' ('petit') and usually
drawn pointing up. The lower arm is called 'q' ('queue'). The bands
are named from the region separting these, a centromere (cen), towards
the tips or telomeric regions (ter) counting from 1 upwards. Depending
of the resolution used the bands are identified with one or more
digit. The first digit determines the major band and subsequent digits
sub bands: p1 band can be divided into subbands p11, p12 and 13 and
p11 can furter be divided into subbands p11.1 and p11.2. The dot after
second digit makes it easier to read the values. A region between ands
is given from the centromere outwards towards the telomere (e.g. 2p2-5
or 3p21-35) or from a band in the p arm to a band in the q arm.
=head1 FEEDBACK
=head2 Mailing Lists
User feedback is an integral part of the evolution of this and other
Bioperl modules. Send your comments and suggestions preferably to the
Bioperl mailing lists Your participation is much appreciated.
bioperl-l@bioperl.org - General discussion
http://bioperl.org/wiki/Mailing_lists - About the mailing lists
=head2 Support
Please direct usage questions or support issues to the mailing list:
I<bioperl-l@bioperl.org>
rather than to the module maintainer directly. Many experienced and
reponsive experts will be able look at the problem and quickly
address it. Please include a thorough description of the problem
with code and data examples if at all possible.
=head2 Reporting Bugs
report bugs to the Bioperl bug tracking system to help us keep track
the bugs and their resolution. Bug reports can be submitted via the
web:
https://github.com/bioperl/bioperl-live/issues
=head1 AUTHOR - Heikki Lehvaslaiho
Email: heikki-at-bioperl-dot-org
=head1 CONTRIBUTORS
Sendu Bala bix@sendu.me.uk
=head1 APPENDIX
The rest of the documentation details each of the object
methods. Internal methods are usually preceded with a _
=cut
# Let the code begin...
package Bio::Map::CytoPosition;
use strict;
use integer;
use Bio::Range;
use base qw(Bio::Map::Position);
=head2 cytorange
Title : cytorange
Usage : my $range = $obj->cytorange();
Function:
Converts cytogenetic location set by value method into
an integer range. The chromosome number determines the
"millions" in the values. Human X and Y chromosome
symbols are represented by values 100 and 101.
The localization within chromosomes are converted into
values between the range of 0 and 200,000:
pter cen qter
|------------------------|-------------------------|
0 100,000 200,000
The values between -100,000 through 0 for centromere to
100,000 would have reflected the band numbering better but
use of positive integers was chosen since the
transformation is very easy. These values are not metric.
Each band defines a range in a chromosome. A band string
is converted into a range by padding it with lower and and
higher end digits (for q arm: '0' and '9') to the length
of five. The arm and chromosome values are added to these:
e.g. 21000 & 21999 (band 21) + 100,000 (q arm) + 2,000,000
(chromosome 2) => 2q21 : 2,121,000 .. 2,121,999. Note that
this notation breaks down if there is a band or a subband
using digit 9 in its name! This is not the case in human
karyotype.
The full algorithm used for bands:
if arm is 'q' then
pad char for start is '0', for end '9'
range is chromosome + 100,000 + padded range start or end
elsif arm is 'p' then
pad char for start is '9', for end '0'
range is chromosome + 100,000 - padded range start or end
Returns : Bio::Range object or undef
Args : none
=cut
sub cytorange {
my ($self) = @_;
my ($chr, $r, $band, $band2, $arm, $arm2, $lc, $uc, $lcchar, $ucchar);
return $r if not defined $self->{_value}; # returns undef
$self->{_value} =~
# -----1----- --------2--------- -----3----- -------4------- ---6---
m/([XY]|[0-9]+)(cen|qcen|pcen|[pq])?(ter|[.0-9]+)?-?([pq]?(cen|ter)?)?([.0-9]+)?/;
$self->warn("Not a valid value: ". $self->{_value}), return $r
if not defined $1 ; # returns undef
$chr = uc $1;
$self->chr($chr);
$chr = 100 if $chr eq 'X';
$chr = 101 if $chr eq 'Y';
$chr *= 1000000;
$r = Bio::Range->new();
$band = '';
if (defined $3 ) {
$2 || $self->throw("$& does not make sense: 'arm' or 'cen' missing");
$band = $3;
$band =~ tr/\.//d;
}
if (defined $6 ) {
$arm2 = $4;
$arm2 = $2 if $4 eq ''; # it is not necessary to repeat the arm [p|q]
$band2 = $6;
$band2 =~ tr/\.//d;
#find the correct order
#print STDERR "-|$&|----2|$2|-----3|$band|---4|$4|--------arm2|$arm2|-------------\n";
if ($band ne '' and (defined $arm2 and $2 ne $arm2 and $arm2 eq 'q') ) {
$lc = 'start'; $lcchar = '9';
$uc = 'end'; $ucchar = '9';
}
elsif ($band ne 'ter' and $2 ne $arm2 and $arm2 eq 'p') {
$lc = 'end'; $lcchar = '9';
$uc = 'start'; $ucchar = '9';
}
elsif ($band eq 'ter' and $arm2 eq 'p') {
$uc = 'start'; $ucchar = '9';
} # $2 eq $arm2
elsif ($arm2 eq 'q') {
if (_pad($band, 5, '0') < _pad($band2, 5, '0')) {
$lc = 'start'; $lcchar = '0';
$uc = 'end'; $ucchar = '9';
} else {
$lc = 'end'; $lcchar = '9';
$uc = 'start'; $ucchar = '0';
}
}
elsif ($arm2 eq 'p') {
if (_pad($band, 5, '0') < _pad($band2, 5, '0')) {
$lc = 'end'; $lcchar = '0';
$uc = 'start'; $ucchar = '9';
} else {
$lc = 'start'; $lcchar = '9';
$uc = 'end'; $ucchar = '0';
}
}
else {
$self->throw("How did you end up here? $&");
}
#print STDERR "-------$arm2--------$band2---------$ucchar--------------\n";
if ( (defined $arm2 and $arm2 eq 'p') or (defined $arm2 and $arm2 eq 'p') ) {
$r->$uc(-(_pad($band2, 5, $ucchar)) + 100000 + $chr );
if (defined $3 and $3 eq 'ter') {
$r->end(200000 + $chr);
}
elsif ($2 eq 'cen' or $2 eq 'qcen' or $2 eq 'pcen'){
$r->$lc(100000 + $chr);
}
elsif ($2 eq 'q') {
$r->$lc(_pad($band, 5, $lcchar) + 100000 + $chr );
} else {
$r->$lc(-(_pad($band, 5, $lcchar)) + 100000 + $chr );
}
} else { #if:$arm2=q e.g. 9p22-q32
#print STDERR "-------$arm2--------$band2---------$ucchar--------------\n";
$r->$uc(_pad($band2, 5, $ucchar) + 100000 + $chr);
if ($2 eq 'cen' or $2 eq 'pcen') {
$r->$lc(100000 + $chr);
}
elsif ($2 eq 'p') {
if ($3 eq 'ter') {
$r->$lc(200000 + $chr);
} else {
$r->$lc(-(_pad($band, 5, $lcchar)) + 100000 + $chr);
}
} else { #$2.==q
$r->$lc(_pad($band, 5, $lcchar) + 100000 + $chr);
}
}
}
#
# e.g. 10p22.1-cen
#
elsif (defined $4 and $4 ne '') {
#print STDERR "$4-----$&----\n";
if ($4 eq 'cen' || $4 eq 'qcen' || $4 eq 'pcen') { # e.g. 10p22.1-cen;
# '10pcen-qter' does not really make sense but lets have it in anyway
$r->end(100000 + $chr);
if ($2 eq 'p') {
if ($3 eq 'ter') {
$r->start($chr);
} else {
$r->start(_pad($band, 5, '9') + $chr);
}
}
elsif ($2 eq 'cen') {
$self->throw("'cen-cen' does not make sense: $&");
} else {
$self->throw("Only order p-cen is valid: $&");
}
}
elsif ($4 eq 'qter' || $4 eq 'ter') { # e.g. 10p22.1-qter, 1p21-qter, 10pcen-qter, 7q34-qter
$r->end(200000 + $chr);
if ($2 eq 'p'){
$r->start(-(_pad($band, 5, '9')) + 100000 + $chr); #??? OK?
}
elsif ($2 eq 'q') {
$r->start(_pad($band, 5, '0') + 100000 + $chr);
}
elsif ($2 eq 'cen' || $2 eq 'qcen' || $2 eq 'pcen' ) {
$r->start(100000 + $chr);
}
}
elsif ($4 eq 'pter' ) {
#print STDERR "$2,$3--$4-----$&----\n";
$r->start( $chr);
if ($2 eq 'p'){
$r->end(-(_pad($band, 5, '0')) + 100000 + $chr);
}
elsif ($2 eq 'q') {
$r->end(_pad($band, 5, '9') + 100000 + $chr);
}
elsif ($2 eq 'cen' || $2 eq 'qcen' || $2 eq 'pcen' ) {
$r->end(100000 + $chr);
}
} else { # -p or -q at the end of the range
$self->throw("lone '$4' in $& does not make sense");
}
}
#
# e.g 10p22.1, 10pter
#
elsif (defined $3 ) {
if ($2 eq 'p') {
if ($3 eq 'ter') { # e.g. 10pter
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => $chr,
'-end' => $chr,
);
} else { # e.g 10p22.1
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => -(_pad($band, 5, '9')) + 100000 + $chr,
'-end' => -(_pad($band, 5, '0')) + 100000 + $chr,
);
}
} elsif ($2 eq 'q') {
if ($3 eq 'ter') { # e.g. 10qter
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => 200000 + $chr,
'-end' => 200000 + $chr,
);
} else { # e.g 10q22.1
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => _pad($band, 5, '0') + 100000 + $chr,
'-end' => _pad($band, 5, '9') + 100000 + $chr,
);
}
} else { # e.g. 10qcen1.1 !
$self->throw("'cen' in $& does not make sense");
}
}
#
# e.g. 10p
#
elsif (defined $2 ) { # e.g. 10p
if ($2 eq 'p' ) {
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => $chr,
'-end' => 100000 + $chr
);
}
elsif ($2 eq 'q' ) {
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => 100000 + $chr,
'-end' => 200000 + $chr
);
} else { # $2 eq 'cen' || 'qcen'
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => 100000 + $chr,
'-end' => 100000 + $chr
);
}
}
#
# chr only, e.g. X
#
else {
$r = Bio::Range->new('-start' => $chr,
'-end' => 200000 + $chr
);
}
if ($r) {
$self->start($r->start);
$self->end($r->end);
}
return $r;
}
sub _pad {
my ($string, $len, $pad_char) = @_;
__PACKAGE__->throw("function _pad needs a positive integer length, not [$len]")
unless $len =~ /^\+?\d+$/;
__PACKAGE__->throw("function _pad needs a single character pad_char, not [$pad_char]")
unless length $pad_char == 1;
$string ||= '';
return $string . $pad_char x ( $len - length( $string ) );
}
=head2 range2value
Title : range2value
Usage : my $value = $obj->range2value($range);
Function: Sets and returns the value string based on start and end values of
the Bio::Range object passes as an argument.
Returns : string or false
Args : Bio::Range object
=cut
sub range2value {
my ($self,$value) = @_;
if( defined $value) {
if( ! $value->isa('Bio::Range') ) {
$self->throw("Is not a Bio::Range object but a [$value]");
return;
}
if( ! $value->start ) {
$self->throw("Start is not defined in [$value]");
return;
}
if( ! $value->end ) {
$self->throw("End is not defined in [$value]");
return;
}
if( $value->start < 100000 ) {
$self->throw("Start value has to be in millions, not ". $value->start);
return;
}
if( $value->end < 100000 ) {
$self->throw("End value has to be in millions, not ". $value->end);
return;
}
my ($chr, $arm, $band) = $value->start =~ /(\d+)(\d)(\d{5})/;
my ($chr2, $arm2, $band2) = $value->end =~ /(\d+)(\d)(\d{5})/;
my ($chrS, $armS, $bandS, $arm2S, $band2S, $sep) = ('', '', '', '', '', '' );
LOC: {
#
# chromosome
#
if ($chr == 100) {
$chrS = 'X';
}
elsif ($chr == 100) {
$chrS = 'Y';
} else {
$chrS = $chr;
}
last LOC if $arm == 0 and $arm2 == 2 and $band == 0 and $band2 == 0 ;
#
# arm
#
if ($arm == $arm2 ) {
if ($arm == 0) {
$armS = 'p';
#$armS = 'pter' if $band == 0 and $band2 == 0;
$bandS = 'ter' if $band == 0;
#$arm2S = 'p'; #?
}
elsif ($arm == 2) {
$armS = 'q';
$bandS = 'ter' if $band == 0;
} else {
$armS = 'q';
#$arm2S = 'q'; #?
$armS = 'cen', if $band == 0;# and $band2 == 0;
}
} else {
if ($arm == 0) {
$armS = 'p';
$arm2S = 'q';
$arm2S = '' if $band == 0 and $band2 == 0;
} else {
$armS = 'q';
$arm2S = 'p';
$arm2S = '' if $arm2 == 2 and $band == 0 and $band2 == 0;
}
}
last LOC if $band == $band2 ;
my $c;
#
# first band (ter is hadled with the arm)
#
if ($bandS ne 'ter') {
if ($armS eq 'p') {
$band = 100000 - $band;
$c = '9';
} else {
$c = '0';
}
$band =~ s/$c+$//;
$bandS = $band;
$bandS = substr($band, 0, 2). '.'. substr($band, 2) if length $band > 2;
}
last LOC unless $band2;
#
# second band
#
if ($arm2 == 0) {
$arm2S = 'p';
$band2 = 100000 - $band2;
$c = '0';
} else { # 1 or 2
$arm2S = 'q';
$c = '9';
}
if ($band2 == 0) {
if ($arm2 == 1) {
$arm2S = 'p';
$band2S = 'cen';
} else {
$band2S = 'ter';
}
last LOC;
}
last LOC if $band eq $band2 and $arm == $arm2;
$band2 =~ s/$c+$//;
$band2S = $band2;
$band2S = substr($band2, 0, 2). '.'. substr($band2, 2) if length $band2 > 2;
} # end of LOC:
if ($armS eq 'p' and $arm2S eq 'p') {
my $tmp = $band2S;
$band2S = $bandS;
$bandS = $tmp;
}
$band2S = '' if $bandS eq $band2S ;
$armS = '' if $bandS eq 'cen';
$arm2S = '' if $armS eq $arm2S and $band2S ne 'ter';
$sep = '-' if $arm2S || $band2S;
$self->value( $chrS. $armS. $bandS. $sep. $arm2S. $band2S);
}
return $self->value;
}
=head2 value
Title : value
Usage : my $pos = $position->value;
Function: Get/Set the value for this postion
Returns : scalar, value
Args : none to get, OR scalar to set
=cut
sub value {
my ($self,$value) = @_;
if( defined $value ) {
$self->{'_value'} = $value;
$self->cytorange;
}
return $self->{'_value'};
}
=head2 numeric
Title : numeric
Usage : my $num = $position->numeric;
Function: Read-only method that is guarantied to return a numeric
representation of the start of this position.
Returns : int (the start of the range)
Args : optional Bio::RangeI object
=cut
sub numeric {
my $self = shift;
return $self->start(@_);
}
=head2 chr
Title : chr
Usage : my $mychr = $position->chr();
Function: Get/Set method for the chromosome string of the location.
Returns : chromosome value
Args : none to get, OR scalar to set
=cut
sub chr {
my ($self,$chr) = @_;
if( defined $chr ) {
$self->{'_chr'} = $chr;
}
return $self->{'_chr'};
}
1;