#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Getopt::Long; Getopt::Long::Configure("bundling"); # make switches case sensitive (and turn on bundling)
use Pod::Usage;
use App::MrShell;
my @hosts;
my $conf = "$ENV{HOME}/.mrshrc";
my $log;
my $shell;
my $trunc;
my $debug;
my $no_esc;
my $show_groups_and_exit;
my @orig_ARGV = @ARGV;
MAGICALLY_UNDERSTAND_HOSTGROUPS: {
GetOptions(
"groups|list|g" => \$show_groups_and_exit,
"version|v" => sub { print "This is Mr. Shell version $App::MrShell::VERSION.\n\n"; pod2usage() },
"host|H=s@" => \@hosts,
"conf|c:s" => \$conf, # optional value
"noesc|N" => \$no_esc,
"log|l=s" => \$log,
"trunc|t" => \$trunc, # whether to truncate the log file
'debug|d:i' => \$debug,
"shell|s=s" => \$shell,
"help|h" => sub { pod2usage(-verbose=>1) },
) or pod2usage(); do{ warn "ERROR: command required\n"; pod2usage()} unless @ARGV or $show_groups_and_exit;
no warnings 'uninitialized'; ## no critic: this is a stupid warning anyway
if( $ARGV[0] =~ m/^\@/ ) {
while( $ARGV[0] =~ m/^\@/) {
@orig_ARGV = map { $_ eq $ARGV[0] ? ('-H'=>$_) : ($_) } @orig_ARGV;
shift @ARGV;
}
@ARGV = @orig_ARGV; ## no critic: no I really really meant to change the global one, thanks
redo MAGICALLY_UNDERSTAND_HOSTGROUPS;
}
}
my $mrsh = App::MrShell->new->set_usage_error("pod2usage");
$mrsh->read_config($conf) if $conf;
show_groups_and_exit() if $show_groups_and_exit;
$mrsh->set_logfile_option($log, $trunc) if $log;
$mrsh->set_shell_command_option($shell) if $shell;
$mrsh->set_debug_option($debug) if defined $debug;
$mrsh->set_no_command_escapes_option if $no_esc;
$mrsh->set_hosts(@hosts) # tell Mr. Shell where to run things
->queue_command(@ARGV) # queue a command for whatever hosts are set
->run_queue; # tell POE to do what POE does
sub show_groups_and_exit {
my %groups = $mrsh->groups;
my @groups = sort keys %groups;
if( my @h = grep {s/^@//} @hosts ) { ## no critic: bah
@groups = @h;
}
unless(@groups) {
print "(no gropus to show)\n";
exit 0;
}
my $len = length $groups[0];
for(@groups) { $len = length $_ if length $_ > $len }
$len ++;
for(@groups) {
printf '%-*s %s', $len, "$_:", "@{ $groups{$_} }\n";
}
exit 0;
}
__END__
=head1 NAME
mrsh - Mr. Shell runs a command on multiple hosts
=head1 SYNOPSIS
mrsh [options] [--] command
--version -v: print the version, help, and exit
--help -h: print extended help and exit
--host -H: specify a host or group to run commands on
--conf -c: specify config file location, or skip configs
--log -l: specify a logfile location
--trunc -t: overwrite logfile, rather than append
--shell -s: change the (remote-)shell command
--noesc -N: do not escape the sub commands during host-routing mode
--groups -g: show groups and exit
--list : (nickname for --groups)
-- : not strictly an option, but good to put before commands
=head1 DESCRIPTION
The B<-H> has some special magic concerning L</[groups]>. If a group is
specified before any other options or options arguments arguments (but possibly
after other groups), it will automatically be expanded to have an imaginary
B<-H> before it. Example:
# list /tmp on all the hosts in @gr1
mrsh @gr1 -- ls -al /tmp
# list /tmp on all the hosts in @gr1 with a logfile
mrsh --log logfile @gr1 -- ls -al /tmp
=over
=item B<-->
Sometimes the option processor get confused by switches and options for the
command being sent to the remote hosts. B<--> tells the options parser to quit
looking.
=item B<--groups> B<-g> B<--list>
List the groups and their hosts and exit. Will use groups listed in B<-H>
switches if applicable (ignoring B<-H> arguments that are not groups).
=item B<--host> B<-H>
Names of hosts or L</[groups]> upon which to run commands. Groups are prefixed
with an C<@> character and can only be specified in the configuration file (see
L</CONFIG FILE>).
Host and group specifications that overlap are reduced to a unique set, so if
C<@localhosts> contains C<host1> and C<@desktops> contains C<host1>, and for
whatever reason C<-H host1> is also specified on the command line ... C<host1>
will only appear in the hosts list just the one time.
Hostnames may be subtracted from any lists provided (via groups or B<-H>) by
prefixing the hostname (but not group) with C<->.
For instance, if C<@hosts> contains a host named C<host1>> and C<host1>> is
unavailable, users might type something like this:
mrsh @hosts -H-host1 uptime
=item B<--conf> B<-c>
By default, L<mrsh> will look for C<.mrshrc> the user's home directory. Users
may change the location with this switch. The switch takes an optoinal
argument, the location. When a location is not specified, it disables the
loading of any config files.
Caveat: careful that -c doesn't slurp up the next word on the command line. It
wants to eat your arguments.
=item B<--log> B<-l> B<--trunc> B<-t>
L<mrsh> doesn't keep any logs by default. Users may specify a logfile location
to start logging. Logs will be appended (even between runs) unless the truncate
option is specified -- in which case, the logfile will simply be overwritten
instead.
=item B<--shell> B<-s>
By default, L<mrsh> uses the following command as the shell command.
ssh -o BatchMode yes -o StrictHostKeyChecking no -o ConnectTimeout 20 [%u]-l []%u %h
The C<%h> will be replaced by the hostname(s) during execution
(see L</COMMAND ESCAPES>).
Almost any shell command will work, see C<t/05_touch_things.t> in the
distribution for using perl as a "shell" to touch files. Arguments to B<-s> are
space delimited but understand very simple quoting:
=item B<--noesc> B<-N>
During host routing mode, L<mrsh> will escape spaces and backslashes in a way
that openssh (L<http://openssh.com/>) will understand correctly. That behavior
can be completely disabled with this option.
=back
=head1 COMMAND ESCAPES
These things will be replaced before forking the commands on the remote hosts.
There aren't many of these yet, but there will likely be more in the future.
=over
=item B<%c>
The command number.
=item B<%h>
The hostname. The hostname escape supports a special host routing protocol.
Hostnames that contain the routing character will be expanded to magically
create sub-commands as needed to connect I<through> hosts while executing
commands.
When expanding a host route, all C<%h> will be replaced with the elements of
the command array up to that escape, plus the hostname, for each host in the
hosts route.
This expansion also optionally (see B<-N> above) expands spaces and slashes to
escaped values compatible with openssh (L<http://openssh.com/>).
This is perhaps more clear by example.
Let's say this is the command in question.
ssh -o 'BatchMode Yes' %h 'ls -ald /tmp/'
And let's say our hostname is C<corky!wisp>, then the command becomes:
ssh -o 'BatchMode Yes' corky ssh -o 'Batchmode\ Yes' wisp 'ls\\ -ald\\ /tmp'
=item B<%u>
Replaced with the username, if applicable. When hostname contains an C<@>
character, for example C<jettero@corky>, the portion before the C<@> is
considered a username.
=item conditional replacement
If an element in a command exists in the form C<[%u]-l>, then the argument
C<-l> will only appear in the argument list when C<%u> has a value. If an
arguemnt of the form C<[]%u> (C<[%u]%u> works identically), it will only appear
in the argument list when C<%u> has a value.
The following command is expanded as follows for C<jettero@corky> and C<corky>
respectively.
ssh [%u]-l []%u %h
ssh -l jettero corky # for jettero@corky
ssh corky # for corky
=back
=head1 CONFIG FILE
The config file is loaded using the L<Config::Tiny> module, which supports
basic "standard" C<.ini> files. L<mrsh> reads two sections for values and
ignores all values it doesn't understand.
=head2 B<[options]>
=over
=item B<default-hosts>
When no hosts are specified for a command, L<mrsh> will seek to use these hosts
and L</[groups]> instead.
=item B<shell-command>
This is the above B<-s> setting, which allows changing the shell command.
=item B<no-command-escapes>
This is the above B<-N> setting, which disables escaping of arguments during
host-routing mode.
=back
=head2 B<[groups]>
The B<[groups]> section can contain as many hostname values as ... your platform
as memory. Groups are expanded by pre-fixing with an C<@> character when passing
hostnames to B<-H> or via the C<default-hosts> option above.
Hosts and host routes are space separated.
If a group contains references to other groups, it will automatically be
recursively replaced. This recursion naively assumes there are no loops, but
automatically stops about 30 deep. If you get unexpected results, this could
be the problem.
=head2 EXAMPLE CONFIG
[options]
default-hosts = @debian-desktops
shell-command = ssh -o 'BatchMode Yes' [%u]-l []%u %h
[groups]
debian-desktops = wisp corky razor
=head1 AUTHOR
Paul Miller C<< <jettero@cpan.org >>
L<http://github.com/jettero>
=head1 THANKS
Dennis Boone -- L<http://github.com/drboone>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2009-2010 - Paul Miller
Released as GPL, like the original Mr. Shell circa 1997.
=head1 SEE ALSO
ssh(1), perl(1), L<App::MrShell>, L<POE>, L<POE::Wheel::Run>
=cut