require 5;
package I18N::LangTags::List;
# Time-stamp: "2001-06-20 12:01:15 MDT"
use strict;
use vars qw(%Name $Debug $VERSION);
$VERSION = '0.24';
# POD at the end.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
{
# read the table out of our own POD!
my $seeking = 1;
my $count = 0;
my($tag,$name);
while(<I18N::LangTags::List::DATA>) {
if($seeking) {
$seeking = 0 if m/=for woohah/;
} else {
next unless ($tag, $name) =
m/\{([-0-9a-zA-Z]+)\}(?:\s*:)?\s*([^\[\]]+)/;
$name =~ s/\s*[;\.]*\s*$//g;
next unless $name;
++$count;
print "<$tag> <$name>\n" if $Debug;
$Name{$tag} = $name;
}
}
die "No tags read??" unless $count;
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
sub name {
my $tag = lc($_[0] || return);
$tag =~ s/^\s+//s;
$tag =~ s/\s+$//s;
my $alt;
if($tag =~ m/^x-(.+)/) {
$alt = "i-$1";
} elsif($tag =~ m/^i-(.+)/) {
$alt = "x-$1";
} else {
$alt = '';
}
my $subform = '';
my $name = '';
print "Input: {$tag}\n" if $Debug;
while(length $tag) {
last if $name = $Name{$tag};
last if $name = $Name{$alt};
if($tag =~ s/(-[a-z0-9]+)$//s) {
print "Shaving off: $1 leaving $tag\n" if $Debug;
$subform = "$1$subform";
# and loop around again
$alt =~ s/(-[a-z0-9]+)$//s && $Debug && print " alt -> $alt\n";
} else {
# we're trying to pull a subform off a primary tag. TILT!
print "Aborting on: {$name}{$subform}\n" if $Debug;
last;
}
}
print "Output: {$name}{$subform}\n" if $Debug;
return unless $name; # Failure
return $name unless $subform; # Exact match
$subform =~ s/^-//s;
$subform =~ s/-$//s;
return "$name (Subform \"$subform\")";
}
1;
__DATA__
=head1 NAME
I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use I18N::LangTags::List;
print "Parlez-vous... ", join(', ',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('elx') || 'unknown_language',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('ar-Kw') || 'unknown_language',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('en') || 'unknown_language',
I18N::LangTags::List::name('en-CA') || 'unknown_language',
), "?\n";
prints:
Parlez-vous... Elamite, Kuwait Arabic, English, Canadian English?
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This module provides a function
C<I18N::LangTags::List::name( I<langtag> ) > that takes
a language tag (see L<I18N::LangTags|I18N::LangTags>)
and returns the best attempt at an English name for it, or
undef if it can't make sense of the tag.
The function I18N::LangTags::List::name(...) is not exported.
The map of tags-to-names that it uses is accessable as
%I18N::LangTags::List::Name, and it's the same as the list
that follows in this documentation, which should be useful
to you even if you don't use this module.
=head1 ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
Internet language tags, as defined in RFC 3066, are a formalism
for denoting human languages. The two-letter ISO 639-1 language
codes are well known (as "en" for English), as are their forms
when qualified by a country code ("en-US"). Less well-known are the
arbitrary-length non-ISO codes (like "i-mingo"), and the
recently (in 2001) introduced three-letter ISO-639-2 codes.
Remember this important facts:
=over
=item *
Language tags are not locale IDs. A locale ID is written with a "_"
instead of a "-", (almost?) always matches C<m/^\w\w_\w\w\b/>, and
I<means> something different than a language tag. A language tag
denotes a language. A locale ID denotes a language I<as used in>
a particular place, in combination with non-linguistic
location-specific information such as what currency in used
there. Locales I<also> often denote character set information,
as in "en_US.ISO8859-1".
=item *
Language tags are not for computer languages.
=item *
"Dialect" is not a useful term, since there is no objective
criterion for establishing when two languages are
dialects of eachother, or are separate languages.
=item *
Language tags are not case-sensitive. en-US, en-us, En-Us, etc.,
are all the same tag, and denote the same language.
=item *
Not every language tag really refers to a single language. Some
language tags refer to conditions: i-default (system-message text
in English plus maybe other languages), und (undetermined
language). Others (notably lots of the three-letter codes) are
bibliographic tags that classify whole groups of languages, as
with cus "Cushitic (Other)" (i.e., a
language that has been classed as Cushtic, but which has no more
specific code) or the even less linguistically coherent
sai for "South American Indian (Other)". While useful in
bibliography, B<SUCH TAGS ARE NOT
FOR GENERAL USE>. For further guidance, email me.
=item *
Language tags are not country codes. In fact, they are often
distinct codes, as with language tag ja for Japanese, and
ISO 3166 country code C<.jp> for Japan.
=back
=head1 LIST OF LANGUAGES
The first part of each item is the language tag, between
{...}. It
is followed by an English name for the language or language-group.
Language tags that I judge to be not for general use, are bracketed.
This list is in alphabetical order by English name of the language.
=for reminder
The name in the =item line MUST NOT have E<...>'s in it!!
=for woohah START
=over
=item {ab} : Abkhazian
eq Abkhaz
=item {ace} : Achinese
=item {ach} : Acoli
=item {ada} : Adangme
=item {aa} : Afar
=item {afh} : Afrihili
(Artificial)
=item {af} : Afrikaans
=item [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)]
=item {aka} : Akan
=item {akk} : Akkadian
(Historical)
=item {sq} : Albanian
=item {ale} : Aleut
=item [{alg} : Algonquian languages]
NOT Algonquin!
=item [{tut} : Altaic (Other)]
=item {am} : Amharic
NOT Aramaic!
=item {i-ami} : Ami
eq Amis. eq 'Amis. eq Pangca.
=item [{apa} : Apache languages]
=item {ar} : Arabic
Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
Notable forms:
{ar-ae} UAE Arabic;
{ar-bh} Bahrain Arabic;
{ar-dz} Algerian Arabic;
{ar-eg} Egyptian Arabic;
{ar-iq} Iraqi Arabic;
{ar-jo} Jordanian Arabic;
{ar-kw} Kuwait Arabic;
{ar-lb} Lebanese Arabic;
{ar-ly} Libyan Arabic;
{ar-ma} Moroccan Arabic;
{ar-om} Omani Arabic;
{ar-qa} Qatari Arabic;
{ar-sa} Sauda Arabic;
{ar-sy} Syrian Arabic;
{ar-tn} Tunisian Arabic;
{ar-ye} Yemen Arabic.
=item {arc} : Aramaic
NOT Amharic! NOT Samaritan Aramaic!
=item {arp} : Arapaho
=item {arn} : Araucanian
=item {arw} : Arawak
=item {hy} : Armenian
=item [{art} : Artificial (Other)]
=item {as} : Assamese
=item [{ath} : Athapascan languages]
eq Athabaskan. eq Athapaskan. eq Athabascan.
=item [{aus} : Australian languages]
=item [{map} : Austronesian (Other)]
=item {ava} : Avaric
=item {ae} : Avestan
eq Zend
=item {awa} : Awadhi
=item {ay} : Aymara
=item {az} : Azerbaijani
eq Azeri
=item {ban} : Balinese
=item [{bat} : Baltic (Other)]
=item {bal} : Baluchi
=item {bam} : Bambara
=item [{bai} : Bamileke languages]
=item {bad} : Banda
=item [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)]
=item {bas} : Basa
=item {ba} : Bashkir
=item {eu} : Basque
=item {btk} : Batak (Indonesia)
=item {bej} : Beja
=item {be} : Belarusian
eq Belarussian. eq Byelarussian.
eq Belorussian. eq Byelorussian.
eq White Russian. eq White Ruthenian.
NOT Ruthenian!
=item {bem} : Bemba
=item {bn} : Bengali
eq Bangla.
=item [{ber} : Berber (Other)]
=item {bho} : Bhojpuri
=item {bh} : Bihari
=item {bik} : Bikol
=item {bin} : Bini
=item {bi} : Bislama
eq Bichelamar.
=item {bs} : Bosnian
=item {bra} : Braj
=item {br} : Breton
=item {bug} : Buginese
=item {bg} : Bulgarian
=item {i-bnn} : Bunun
=item {bua} : Buriat
=item {my} : Burmese
=item {cad} : Caddo
=item {car} : Carib
=item {ca} : Catalan
eq CatalE<aacute>n. eq Catalonian.
=item [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)]
=item {ceb} : Cebuano
=item [{cel} : Celtic (Other)]
Notable forms:
{cel-gaulish} Gaulish (Historical)
=item [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)]
=item {chg} : Chagatai
(Historical?)
=item [{cmc} : Chamic languages]
=item {ch} : Chamorro
=item {ce} : Chechen
=item {chr} : Cherokee
eq Tsalagi
=item {chy} : Cheyenne
=item {chb} : Chibcha
(Historical) NOT Chibchan (which is a language family).
=item {ny} : Chichewa
eq Nyanja. eq Chinyanja.
=item {zh} : Chinese
Many forms are mutually un-intelligible in spoken media.
Notable subforms:
{zh-cn} PRC Chinese;
{zh-hk} Hong Kong Chinese;
{zh-mo} Macau Chinese;
{zh-sg} Singapore Chinese;
{zh-tw} Taiwan Chinese;
{zh-guoyu} Mandarin [Putonghua/Guoyu];
{zh-hakka} Hakka [formerly i-hakka];
{zh-min} Hokkien;
{zh-min-nan} Southern Hokkien;
{zh-wuu} Shanghaiese;
{zh-xiang} Hunanese;
{zh-gan} Gan;
{zh-yue} Cantonese.
=for etc
{i-hakka} Hakka (old tag)
=item {chn} : Chinook Jargon
eq Chinook Wawa.
=item {chp} : Chipewyan
=item {cho} : Choctaw
=item {cu} : Church Slavic
eq Old Church Slavonic.
=item {chk} : Chuukese
eq Trukese. eq Chuuk. eq Truk. eq Ruk.
=item {cv} : Chuvash
=item {cop} : Coptic
=item {kw} : Cornish
=item {co} : Corsican
eq Corse.
=item {cre} : Cree
NOT Creek!
=item {mus} : Creek
NOT Cree!
=item [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
=item [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
=item [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
=item [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)]
=item {hr} : Croatian
eq Croat.
=item [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)]
=item {cs} : Czech
=item {dak} : Dakota
eq Nakota. eq Latoka.
=item {da} : Danish
=item {day} : Dayak
=item {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language
Defined in RFC 2277, this is for tagging text
(which must include English text, and might/should include text
in other appropriate languages) that is emitted in a context
where language-negotiation wasn't possible -- in SMTP mail failure
messages, for example.
=item {del} : Delaware
=item {din} : Dinka
=item {div} : Divehi
=item {doi} : Dogri
NOT Dogrib!
=item {dgr} : Dogrib
NOT Dogri!
=item [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)]
=item {dua} : Duala
=item {nl} : Dutch
eq Netherlander. Notable forms:
{nl-nl} Netherlands Dutch;
{nl-be} Belgian Dutch.
=item {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350)
(Historical)
=item {dyu} : Dyula
=item {dz} : Dzongkha
=item {efi} : Efik
=item {egy} : Ancient Egyptian
(Historical)
=item {eka} : Ekajuk
=item {elx} : Elamite
(Historical)
=item {en} : English
Notable forms:
{en-au} Australian English;
{en-bz} Belize English;
{en-ca} Canadian English;
{en-gb} UK English;
{en-ie} Irish English;
{en-jm} Jamaican English;
{en-nz} New Zealand English;
{en-ph} Philippine English;
{en-tt} Trinidad English;
{en-us} US English;
{en-za} South African English;
{en-zw} Zimbabwe English.
=item {enm} : Old English (1100-1500)
(Historical)
=item {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100)
eq Anglo-Saxon. (Historical)
=item {eo} : Esperanto
(Artificial)
=item {et} : Estonian
=item {ewe} : Ewe
=item {ewo} : Ewondo
=item {fan} : Fang
=item {fat} : Fanti
=item {fo} : Faroese
=item {fj} : Fijian
=item {fi} : Finnish
=item [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)]
eq Finno-Ugric. NOT Ugaritic!
=item {fon} : Fon
=item {fr} : French
Notable forms:
{fr-fr} France French;
{fr-be} Belgian French;
{fr-ca} Canadian French;
{fr-ch} Swiss French;
{fr-lu} Luxembourg French;
{fr-mc} Monaco French.
=item {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600)
(Historical)
=item {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400)
(Historical)
=item {fy} : Frisian
=item {fur} : Friulian
=item {ful} : Fulah
=item {gaa} : Ga
=item {gd} : Scots Gaelic
NOT Scots!
=item {gl} : Gallegan
eq Galician
=item {lug} : Ganda
=item {gay} : Gayo
=item {gba} : Gbaya
=item {gez} : Geez
eq Ge'ez
=item {ka} : Georgian
=item {de} : German
Notable forms:
{de-at} Austrian German;
{de-be} Belgian German;
{de-ch} Swiss German;
{de-de} Germany German;
{de-li} Liechtenstein German;
{de-lu} Luxembourg German.
=item {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500)
(Historical)
=item {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050)
(Historical)
=item [{gem} : Germanic (Other)]
=item {gil} : Gilbertese
=item {gon} : Gondi
=item {gor} : Gorontalo
=item {got} : Gothic
(Historical)
=item {grb} : Grebo
=item {grc} : Ancient Greek
(Historical) (Until 15th century or so.)
=item {el} : Modern Greek
(Since 15th century or so.)
=item {gn} : Guarani
GuaranE<iacute>
=item {gu} : Gujarati
=item {gwi} : Gwich'in
eq Gwichin
=item {hai} : Haida
=item {ha} : Hausa
=item {haw} : Hawaiian
Hawai'ian
=item {he} : Hebrew
(Formerly "iw".)
=for etc
{iw} Hebrew (old tag)
=item {hz} : Herero
=item {hil} : Hiligaynon
=item {him} : Himachali
=item {hi} : Hindi
=item {ho} : Hiri Motu
=item {hit} : Hittite
(Historical)
=item {hmn} : Hmong
=item {hu} : Hungarian
=item {hup} : Hupa
=item {iba} : Iban
=item {is} : Icelandic
=item {ibo} : Igbo
=item {ijo} : Ijo
=item {ilo} : Iloko
=item [{inc} : Indic (Other)]
=item [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)]
=item {id} : Indonesian
(Formerly "in".)
=for etc
{in} Indonesian (old tag)
=item {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
(Artificial) NOT Interlingue!
=item {ie} : Interlingue
(Artificial) NOT Interlingua!
=item {iu} : Inuktitut
A subform of "Eskimo".
=item {ik} : Inupiaq
A subform of "Eskimo".
=item [{ira} : Iranian (Other)]
=item {ga} : Irish
=item {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200)
(Historical)
=item {sga} : Old Irish (to 900)
(Historical)
=item [{iro} : Iroquoian languages]
=item {it} : Italian
Notable forms:
{it-it} Italy Italian;
{it-ch} Swiss Italian.
=item {ja} : Japanese
(NOT "jp"!)
=item {jw} : Javanese
=item {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic
=item {jpr} : Judeo-Persian
=item {kab} : Kabyle
=item {kac} : Kachin
=item {kl} : Kalaallisut
eq Greenlandic "Eskimo"
=item {kam} : Kamba
=item {kn} : Kannada
eq Kanarese. NOT Canadian!
=item {kau} : Kanuri
=item {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak
=item {kar} : Karen
=item {ks} : Kashmiri
=item {kaw} : Kawi
=item {kk} : Kazakh
=item {kha} : Khasi
=item {km} : Khmer
eq Cambodian. eq Kampuchean.
=item [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)]
=item {kho} : Khotanese
=item {ki} : Kikuyu
eq Gikuyu.
=item {kmb} : Kimbundu
=item {rw} : Kinyarwanda
=item {ky} : Kirghiz
=item {i-klingon} : Klingon
=item {kv} : Komi
=item {kon} : Kongo
=item {kok} : Konkani
=item {ko} : Korean
=item {kos} : Kosraean
=item {kpe} : Kpelle
=item {kro} : Kru
=item {kj} : Kuanyama
=item {kum} : Kumyk
=item {ku} : Kurdish
=item {kru} : Kurukh
=item {kut} : Kutenai
=item {lad} : Ladino
eq Judeo-Spanish. NOT Ladin (a minority language in Italy).
=item {lah} : Lahnda
NOT Lamba!
=item {lam} : Lamba
NOT Lahnda!
=item {lo} : Lao
eq Laotian.
=item {la} : Latin
(Historical) NOT Ladin! NOT Ladino!
=item {lv} : Latvian
eq Lettish.
=item {lb} : Letzeburgesch
eq Luxemburgian, eq Luxemburger. (Formerly i-lux.)
=for etc
{i-lux} Letzeburgesch (old tag)
=item {lez} : Lezghian
=item {ln} : Lingala
=item {lt} : Lithuanian
=item {nds} : Low German
eq Low Saxon. eq Low German. eq Low Saxon.
=item {loz} : Lozi
=item {lub} : Luba-Katanga
=item {lua} : Luba-Lulua
=item {lui} : Luiseno
eq LuiseE<ntilde>o.
=item {lun} : Lunda
=item {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
=item {lus} : Lushai
=item {mk} : Macedonian
eq the modern Slavic language spoken in what was Yugoslavia.
NOT the form of Greek spoken in Greek Macedonia!
=item {mad} : Madurese
=item {mag} : Magahi
=item {mai} : Maithili
=item {mak} : Makasar
=item {mg} : Malagasy
=item {ms} : Malay
NOT Malayalam!
=item {ml} : Malayalam
NOT Malay!
=item {mt} : Maltese
=item {mnc} : Manchu
=item {mdr} : Mandar
NOT Mandarin!
=item {man} : Mandingo
=item {mni} : Manipuri
eq Meithei.
=item [{mno} : Manobo languages]
=item {gv} : Manx
=item {mi} : Maori
NOT Mari!
=item {mr} : Marathi
=item {chm} : Mari
NOT Maori!
=item {mh} : Marshall
eq Marshallese.
=item {mwr} : Marwari
=item {mas} : Masai
=item [{myn} : Mayan languages]
=item {men} : Mende
=item {mic} : Micmac
=item {min} : Minangkabau
=item {i-mingo} : Mingo
eq the Irquoian language West Virginia Seneca. NOT New York Seneca!
=item [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages]
Don't use this.
=item {moh} : Mohawk
=item {mo} : Moldavian
eq Moldovan.
=item [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)]
=item {lol} : Mongo
=item {mn} : Mongolian
eq Mongol.
=item {mos} : Mossi
=item [{mul} : Multiple languages]
Not for normal use.
=item [{mun} : Munda languages]
=item {nah} : Nahuatl
=item {na} : Nauru
=item {nv} : Navajo
eq Navaho. (Formerly i-navajo.)
=for etc
{i-navajo} Navajo (old tag)
=item {nd} : North Ndebele
=item {nr} : South Ndebele
=item {ng} : Ndonga
=item {ne} : Nepali
eq Nepalese. Notable forms:
{ne-np} Nepal Nepali;
{ne-in} India Nepali.
=item {new} : Newari
=item {nia} : Nias
=item [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)]
=item [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)]
=item {niu} : Niuean
=item {non} : Old Norse
(Historical)
=item [{nai} : North American Indian]
Do not use this.
=item {se} : Northern Sami
eq Lappish. eq Lapp. eq (Northern) Saami.
=item {no} : Norwegian
Note the two following forms:
=item {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal
eq BokmE<aring>l, (A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly no-bok.)
=for etc
{no-bok} Norwegian Bokmal (old tag)
=item {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk
(A form of Norwegian.) (Formerly no-nyn.)
=for etc
{no-nyn} Norwegian Nynorsk (old tag)
=item [{nub} : Nubian languages]
=item {nym} : Nyamwezi
=item {nyn} : Nyankole
=item {nyo} : Nyoro
=item {nzi} : Nzima
=item {oc} : Occitan (post 1500)
eq ProvenE<ccedil>al, eq Provencal
=item {oji} : Ojibwa
eq Ojibwe.
=item {or} : Oriya
=item {om} : Oromo
=item {osa} : Osage
=item {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic
=item [{oto} : Otomian languages]
Group of languages collectively called "OtomE<iacute>".
=item {pal} : Pahlavi
eq Pahlevi
=item {i-pwn} : Paiwan
eq Pariwan
=item {pau} : Palauan
=item {pi} : Pali
(Historical?)
=item {pam} : Pampanga
=item {pag} : Pangasinan
=item {pa} : Panjabi
eq Punjabi
=item {pap} : Papiamento
eq Papiamentu.
=item [{paa} : Papuan (Other)]
=item {fa} : Persian
eq Farsi. eq Iranian.
=item {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.)
=item [{phi} : Philippine (Other)]
=item {phn} : Phoenician
(Historical)
=item {pon} : Pohnpeian
NOT Pompeiian!
=item {pl} : Polish
=item {pt} : Portuguese
eq Portugese. Notable forms:
{pt-pt} Portugal Portuguese;
{pt-br} Brazilian Portuguese.
=item [{pra} : Prakrit languages]
=item {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500)
eq Old ProvenE<ccedil>al. (Historical.)
=item {ps} : Pushto
eq Pashto. eq Pushtu.
=item {qu} : Quechua
eq Quecha.
=item {rm} : Raeto-Romance
eq Romansh.
=item {raj} : Rajasthani
=item {rap} : Rapanui
=item {rar} : Rarotongan
=item [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.]
=item [{roa} : Romance (Other)]
NOT Romanian! NOT Romany! NOT Romansh!
=item {ro} : Romanian
eq Rumanian. NOT Romany!
=item {rom} : Romany
eq Rom. NOT Romanian!
=item {rn} : Rundi
=item {ru} : Russian
NOT White Russian! NOT Rusyn!
=item [{sal} : Salishan languages]
Large language group.
=item {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic
NOT Aramaic!
=item [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)]
=item {sm} : Samoan
=item {sad} : Sandawe
=item {sg} : Sango
=item {sa} : Sanskrit
(Historical)
=item {sat} : Santali
=item {sc} : Sardinian
eq Sard.
=item {sas} : Sasak
=item {sco} : Scots
NOT Scots Gaelic!
=item {sel} : Selkup
=item [{sem} : Semitic (Other)]
=item {sr} : Serbian
eq Serb. NOT Sorbian.
=item {srr} : Serer
=item {shn} : Shan
=item {sn} : Shona
=item {sid} : Sidamo
=item {sgn-...} : Sign Languages
Always use with a subtag. Notable forms:
{sgn-gb} British Sign Language (BSL);
{sgn-ie} Irish Sign Language (ESL);
{sgn-ni} Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN);
{sgn-us} American Sign Language (ASL).
=item {bla} : Siksika
eq Blackfoot. eq Pikanii.
=item {sd} : Sindhi
=item {si} : Sinhalese
eq Sinhala.
=item [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)]
=item [{sio} : Siouan languages]
=item {den} : Slave (Athapascan)
("Slavey" is a subform.)
=item [{sla} : Slavic (Other)]
=item {sk} : Slovak
eq Slovakian.
=item {sl} : Slovenian
eq Slovene.
=item {sog} : Sogdian
=item {so} : Somali
=item {son} : Songhai
=item {snk} : Soninke
=item {wen} : Sorbian languages
eq Wendish. eq Sorb. eq Lusatian. eq Wend. NOT Venda! NOT Serbian!
=item {nso} : Northern Sotho
=item {st} : Southern Sotho
eq Sutu. eq Sesotho.
=item [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)]
=item {es} : Spanish
Notable forms:
{es-ar} Argentine Spanish;
{es-bo} Bolivian Spanish;
{es-cl} Chilean Spanish;
{es-co} Colombian Spanish;
{es-do} Dominican Spanish;
{es-ec} Ecuadorian Spanish;
{es-es} Spain Spanish;
{es-gt} Guatemalan Spanish;
{es-hn} Honduran Spanish;
{es-mx} Mexican Spanish;
{es-pa} Panamanian Spanish;
{es-pe} Peruvian Spanish;
{es-pr} Puerto Rican Spanish;
{es-py} Paraguay Spanish;
{es-sv} Salvadoran Spanish;
{es-us} US Spanish;
{es-uy} Uruguayan Spanish;
{es-ve} Venezuelan Spanish.
=item {suk} : Sukuma
=item {sux} : Sumerian
(Historical)
=item {su} : Sundanese
=item {sus} : Susu
=item {sw} : Swahili
eq Kiswahili
=item {ss} : Swati
=item {sv} : Swedish
Notable forms:
sv-se {Sweden Swedish};
sv-fi {Finland Swedish}.
=item {syr} : Syriac
=item {tl} : Tagalog
=item {ty} : Tahitian
=item [{tai} : Tai (Other)]
NOT Thai!
=item {tg} : Tajik
=item {tmh} : Tamashek
=item {ta} : Tamil
=item {i-tao} : Tao
eq Yami.
=item {tt} : Tatar
=item {i-tay} : Tayal
eq Atayal. eq Atayan.
=item {te} : Telugu
=item {ter} : Tereno
=item {tet} : Tetum
=item {th} : Thai
NOT Tai!
=item {bo} : Tibetan
=item {tig} : Tigre
=item {ti} : Tigrinya
=item {tem} : Timne
eq Themne. eq Timene.
=item {tiv} : Tiv
=item {tli} : Tlingit
=item {tpi} : Tok Pisin
=item {tkl} : Tokelau
=item {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa)
NOT Tsonga!
=item {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands)
(Pronounced "Tong-a", not "Tong-ga")
NOT Tsonga!
=item {tsi} : Tsimshian
eq Sm'algyax
=item {ts} : Tsonga
NOT Tonga!
=item {i-tsu} : Tsou
=item {tn} : Tswana
Same as Setswana.
=item {tum} : Tumbuka
=item {tr} : Turkish
(Typically in Roman script)
=item {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)
(Typically in Arabic script) (Historical)
=item {tk} : Turkmen
eq Turkmeni.
=item {tvl} : Tuvalu
=item {tyv} : Tuvinian
eq Tuvan. eq Tuvin.
=item {tw} : Twi
=item {uga} : Ugaritic
NOT Ugric!
=item {ug} : Uighur
=item {uk} : Ukrainian
=item {umb} : Umbundu
=item {und} : Undetermined
Not a tag for normal use.
=item {ur} : Urdu
=item {uz} : Uzbek
eq E<Ouml>zbek
=item {vai} : Vai
=item {ven} : Venda
NOT Wendish! NOT Wend! NOT Avestan!
=item {vi} : Vietnamese
eq Viet.
=item {vo} : Volapuk
eq VolapE<uuml>k. (Artificial)
=item {vot} : Votic
eq Votian. eq Vod.
=item [{wak} : Wakashan languages]
=item {wal} : Walamo
eq Wolaytta.
=item {war} : Waray
Presumably the Philippine language Waray-Waray (SamareE<ntilde>o),
not the smaller Philippine language Waray Sorsogon, nor the extinct
Australian language Waray.
=item {was} : Washo
eq Washoe
=item {cy} : Welsh
=item {wo} : Wolof
=item {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use)
"x-" is a prefix for language tags that are not registered with ISO
or IANA. Example, x-double-dutch
=item {xh} : Xhosa
=item {sah} : Yakut
=item {yao} : Yao
(The Yao in Malawi?)
=item {yap} : Yapese
eq Yap
=item {yi} : Yiddish
Formerly "ji". Sometimes in Roman script, sometimes in Hebrew script.
=for etc
{ji} Yiddish (old tag)
=item {yo} : Yoruba
=item [{ypk} : Yupik languages]
Several "Eskimo" languages.
=item {znd} : Zande
=item [{zap} : Zapotec]
(A group of languages.)
=item {zen} : Zenaga
NOT Zend.
=item {za} : Zhuang
=item {zu} : Zulu
=item {zun} : Zuni
eq ZuE<ntilde>i
=back
=for woohah END
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<I18N::LangTags|I18N::LangTags> and its "See Also" section.
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
Copyright (c) 2001 Sean M. Burke. All rights reserved.
You can redistribute and/or
modify this document under the same terms as Perl itself.
This document is provided in the the hope that it will be
useful, but without any warranty;
without even the implied warranty of accuracy, authoritativeness,
completeness, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.
Email any corrections or questions to me.
=head1 AUTHOR
Sean M. Burke, sburkeE<64>cpan.org
=cut
# To generate a list of just the two and three-letter codes:
#!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
require 5; # Time-stamp: "2001-03-13 21:53:39 MST"
# Sean M. Burke, sburke@cpan.org
# This program is for generating the language_codes.txt file
use strict;
use LWP::Simple;
use HTML::TreeBuilder 3.10;
my $root = HTML::TreeBuilder->new();
my $url = 'http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/bibcodes.html';
$root->parse(get($url) || die "Can't get $url");
$root->eof();
my @codes;
foreach my $tr ($root->find_by_tag_name('tr')) {
my @f = map $_->as_text(), $tr->content_list();
#print map("<$_> ", @f), "\n";
next unless @f == 5;
pop @f; # nix the French name
next if $f[-1] eq 'Language Name (English)'; # it's a header line
my $xx = splice(@f, 2,1); # pull out the two-letter code
$f[-1] =~ s/^\s+//;
$f[-1] =~ s/\s+$//;
if($xx =~ m/[a-zA-Z]/) { # there's a two-letter code for it
push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "$xx\t$f[-1]\n" ];
} else { # print the three-letter codes.
if($f[0] eq $f[1]) {
push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "$f[1]\t$f[2]\n" ];
} else { # shouldn't happen
push @codes, [ lc($f[-1]), "@f !!!!!!!!!!\n" ];
}
}
}
print map $_->[1], sort {; $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } @codes;
print "[ based on $url\n at ", scalar(localtime), "]\n",
"[Note: doesn't include IANA-registered codes.]\n";
exit;
__END__