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Constant Escape Sequences [C++ Reference]
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<h2><a name="constant_escape_sequences" id="constant_escape_sequences">Constant Escape Sequences</a></h2>
<div class="level2">
<p>
The following escape sequences can be used to define certain special characters
within strings:
</p>
<table class="inline">
<tr class="row0">
<th class="col0 centeralign"> Escape Sequence </th><th class="col1 centeralign"> Description </th>
</tr>
<tr class="row1">
<td class="col0">%%</td><td class="col1">Percent sign</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row2">
<td class="col0">\'</td><td class="col1">Single quote</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row3">
<td class="col0">\”</td><td class="col1">Double quote</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row4">
<td class="col0">\\</td><td class="col1">Backslash</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row5">
<td class="col0">\nnn</td><td class="col1">Octal number (nnn)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row6">
<td class="col0">\0</td><td class="col1">Null character (really just the octal number zero)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row7">
<td class="col0">\a</td><td class="col1">Audible bell</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row8">
<td class="col0">\b</td><td class="col1">Backspace</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row9">
<td class="col0">\f</td><td class="col1">Formfeed</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row10">
<td class="col0">\n</td><td class="col1">Newline</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row11">
<td class="col0">\r</td><td class="col1">Carriage return</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row12">
<td class="col0">\t</td><td class="col1">Horizontal tab</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row13">
<td class="col0">\v</td><td class="col1">Vertical tab</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row14">
<td class="col0">\xnnn</td><td class="col1">Hexadecimal number (nnn)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
An example of this is contained in the following code (which assumes that the
newline character generates complete newlines, i.e. on Unix systems):
</p>
<pre class="c code c++" style="font-family:monospace;"> <a href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/printf.html"><span class="kw3">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span> <span class="st0">"This<span class="es1">\n</span>is<span class="es1">\n</span>a<span class="es1">\n</span>test<span class="es1">\n</span><span class="es1">\n</span>She said, <span class="es1">\"</span>How are you?<span class="es1">\"</span><span class="es1">\n</span>"</span> <span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span></pre>
<p>
which would display
</p>
<pre class="code">
This
is
a
test
She said, "How are you?"</pre>
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