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<li class="level2"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#exceptions" class="toc">Exceptions</a></span></div>
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<li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#handling" class="toc">Handling</a></span></div></li>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"><span class="li"><a href="#standard_exceptions" class="toc">Standard Exceptions</a></span></div></li></ul>
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<h2><a name="exceptions" id="exceptions">Exceptions</a></h2>
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<h3><a name="handling" id="handling">Handling</a></h3>
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<p>
The <code>&lt;exception&gt;</code> header provides functions and classes for exception control. One basic class is <code>exception</code>:

</p>
<pre class="cpp code cpp" style="font-family:monospace;"><span class="kw2">class</span> exception
<span class="br0">&#123;</span>
<span class="kw2">public</span><span class="sy4">:</span>
    exception<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    exception<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">const</span> exception<span class="sy3">&amp;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    exception<span class="sy3">&amp;</span> operator<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="kw4">const</span> exception<span class="sy3">&amp;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw2">virtual</span> ~exception<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw2">virtual</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>what<span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span> <span class="kw4">const</span> <span class="kw1">throw</span><span class="br0">&#40;</span><span class="br0">&#41;</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">&#125;</span><span class="sy4">;</span></pre>
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<h3><a name="standard_exceptions" id="standard_exceptions">Standard Exceptions</a></h3>
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<p>
The <code>&lt;stdexcept&gt;</code> header provides a small hierarchy of exception classes that can be <a href="../keywords/throw.html" class="wikilink1" title="keywords:throw">thrown</a> or <a href="../keywords/catch.html" class="wikilink1" title="keywords:catch">caught</a>:

</p>
<ul>
<li class="level1"><div class="li"> <code>exception</code></div>
<ul>
<li class="level2"><div class="li"> <code>logic_error</code></div>
<ul>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>domain_error</code></div>
</li>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>invalid_argument</code></div>
</li>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>length_error</code></div>
</li>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>out_of_range</code></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="level2"><div class="li"> <code>runtime_error</code></div>
<ul>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>range_error</code></div>
</li>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>overflow_error</code></div>
</li>
<li class="level3"><div class="li"> <code>underflow_error</code></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

<p>

<em>Logic</em> errors are thrown if the program has internal errors that are caused by the user of a function and that, in theory, are preventable.<br/>

<em>Runtime</em> errors are thrown if the cause is beyond the program and can&#039;t be predicted by the user of a function.

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