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C++ Double-ended Queues [C++ Reference]
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<h2><a name="c_double-ended_queues" id="c_double-ended_queues">C++ Double-ended Queues</a></h2>
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<p>
Double-ended queues (or deques) are similar to <a href="../../stl/vector/start.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:vector:start">vectors</a>, except that they allow fast insertions and deletions at both the beginning and the end of the container.
</p>
<p>
C++ deques are commonly implemented as dynamically allocated arrays that can grow at both ends. This guarantees <a href="../../complexity.html" class="wikilink1" title="complexity">constant time</a> access, amortized constant time insertion and deletion at either end of the deque, and <a href="../../complexity.html" class="wikilink1" title="complexity">linear time</a> insertion and deletion from the middle of the deque.
</p>
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<tr class="row0">
<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/deque.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:deque_constructors">Constructors</a></td><td class="col1">create deques and initialize them with some data</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/operator.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:deque_operators">Operators</a></td><td class="col1">compare, assign, and access elements of a deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/assign.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:assign">assign</a></td><td class="col1">assign elements to a deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/at.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:at">at</a></td><td class="col1">returns a reference to an element at a specific location</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/back.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:back">back</a></td><td class="col1">returns a reference to last element of a deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/begin.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:begin">begin</a></td><td class="col1">returns an iterator to the beginning of the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/clear.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:clear">clear</a></td><td class="col1">removes all elements from the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/empty.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:empty">empty</a></td><td class="col1">true if the deque has no elements</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/end.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:end">end</a></td><td class="col1">returns an iterator just past the last element of a deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/erase.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:erase">erase</a></td><td class="col1">removes elements from a deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/front.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:front">front</a></td><td class="col1">returns a reference to the first element of a deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/insert.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:insert">insert</a></td><td class="col1">inserts elements into the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/max_size.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:max_size">max_size</a></td><td class="col1">returns the maximum number of elements that the deque can hold</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/pop_back.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:pop_back">pop_back</a></td><td class="col1">removes the last element of a deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/pop_front.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:pop_front">pop_front</a></td><td class="col1">removes the first element of the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/push_back.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:push_back">push_back</a></td><td class="col1">add an element to the end of the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/push_front.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:push_front">push_front</a></td><td class="col1">add an element to the front of the deque</td>
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<tr class="row17">
<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/rbegin.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:rbegin">rbegin</a></td><td class="col1">returns a reverse_iterator to the end of the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/rend.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:rend">rend</a></td><td class="col1">returns a reverse_iterator to the beginning of the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/resize.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:resize">resize</a></td><td class="col1">change the size of the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/size.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:size">size</a></td><td class="col1">returns the number of items in the deque</td>
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<td class="col0"><a href="../../stl/deque/swap.html" class="wikilink1" title="stl:deque:swap">swap</a></td><td class="col1">swap the contents of this deque with another</td>
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<h3><a name="notes" id="notes">Notes</a></h3>
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<p>
The name deque is pronounced “deck”, and stands for “double-ended queue.” Knuth reports that the name was coined by E. J. Schweppe. See section 2.2.1 of Knuth for more information about deques. <a href="http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~uno/taocp.html" class="urlextern" title="http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~uno/taocp.html" rel="nofollow">(D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming. Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms, second edition. Addison-Wesley, 1973.)</a>
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