<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE presentation SYSTEM "ppr-simple.dtd">
<presentation title="Open Source Software"><!-- geometry="800x600"-->
<slide title="" template="main">
<body>
<p align="center"><huge>Open Source Software</huge></p>
<p align="center">And the opportunities for ACME</p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center">
<smaller>Johan Vromans<br/>Research & Development</smaller></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Contents">
<body>
<ul>
<li>History of Open Source</li>
<li>Licenses</li>
<li>Current status</li>
<li>Opportunities for ACME</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="How it all started">
<body>
<p>Right from the start, lots of people enjoyed writing computer
programs.</p>
<p>Programs were passed around freely, often with sources
included.</p>
<p>Software from commerical organisations is <em>execute only</em>
and requires a <em>license</em>.</p>
<p>The USENET network and, later, the Internet helped spreading the
free software.</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="The opposition">
<body>
<p>Commercial software vendors didn't like free software, but there
was not much they could do.</p>
<p>They tell everyone that it is buggy and unreliable, and that
there's noone to talk to.</p>
<p>This was proven wrong over and over again.</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Successful free software">
<body>
<ul>
<li>GNU Compilers</li>
<li>Linux operating system</li>
<li>Apache web server</li>
<li>Tools like Perl and GNU Emacs</li>
<li show="phase 1 from s 1">The Internet</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Why so successful?">
<body>
<p>An almost unlimited number of people participating in the
development.</p>
<p>Even more people are using the software, provide feedback, even
fix bugs.</p>
<p>Suitable for reuse of modules and complete products.</p>
<p>Because it is fun, the developers are highly
motivated. <a show="phase 1">And usually highly skilled.</a>
<a show="phase 2">And often they write it for themselves to use.</a></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Free means free">
<body>
<p>If you have the freedom to do whatever you want to do with free
software<mark name="fo"/><a show="phase 1 to e 3">...</a>
<redo name="fo"><a show="phase 1 after 3 appear">, you can turn it into a commercial product
and deny others the right to do likewise.</a></redo></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Richard M. Stallman">
<body>
<p>Software, like science, must be free.</p>
<p><a show="phase 1">Free as in speech, not as in beer.</a></p>
<p><a show="phase 2">Initiated the GNU project and the Free Software Foundation.</a></p>
<p><a show="phase 3">Defined the GPL: GNU Public License.</a></p>
<p><a show="phase 4"><em>Copyleft:</em> What is free, must remain free.</a></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Richard M. Stallman (2)">
<body>
<img src="rms.jpg"/>
<p align="center">Saint Ignucius</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Weakness of free software">
<body>
<p>How to control and moderate?</p>
<p>No big investments possible.</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Eric S. Raymond">
<body target="left">
<img src="eric.raymond.gif"/>
</body>
<body target="right">
1997. Netscape was desparate for a new strategy against Microsoft.
<mark/><a show="phase 1 from s 1" name="hacker">
<p><i>Eric Raymond</i>, hacker guru, had one.</p>
</a><mark name="foo"/>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="The Cathedral and the Bazar">
<body>
<p>Analysis of the way the Linux project is run.</p>
<p>Describes the Fetchmail project.</p>
<p>Shows that it is possible to control a large group of developers
without formal relations.</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="The Open Source movement">
<body>
<p>In 1997, a group of leaders of the free software community
assembled.</p>
<p>Their concern was to find a way to promote the ideas surrounding
free software.</p>
<p>They were concerned that the Free Software Foundation's
anti-business message was keeping the world from really
appreciating the power of free software.</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="The Open Source movement (2)">
<body>
<p>The group agreed that what they lacked was a marketing campaign,
a campaign to win mind share, not just market share.</p>
<p>They defined a new term to describe the software they were
promoting: <em>Open Source</em>.</p>
<p>OSD: Open Source Definition</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Open Source">
<body>
<p>OSD descendant of the "Debian Social Contract".</p>
<p>By means of moderation the development process can be controlled.</p>
<p>By means of licensing the Open Source software can be mixed with
proprietary software.</p>
<p><a show="phase 1 from s">Investments become attractive.</a></p>
<p><a show="phase 2 from s">Software becomes commodity.</a></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="License types">
<body target="left">
<ul>
<li>OSD</li>
<li show="after 5 from sw 2">Perl Artistic</li>
<li show="after 3 from nw 4">BSD</li>
<li show="after 2 from ne 5">GPL</li>
<li show="after 4 from se 3">LGPL</li>
<li show="after 3 from e 4">Aladdin</li>
</ul>
</body>
<body target="right">
<ul>
<li show="after 3 from nw 4">X</li>
<li show="after 5 from ne 2">Jikes</li>
<li show="after 4 from e 3">NPL</li>
<li show="after 2 from w 5">MPL</li>
<li show="after 2 from se 5">SCSL</li>
<li show="after 3 from nw 4">SleepyCat</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Characteristics">
<body>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compliancy</li>
<li>Fee restrictions</li>
<li>Distribution restrictions</li>
<li>Virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="BSD">
<body>
<p><em>Berkeley Software Distribution</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compliant</li>
<li>No fee restrictions</li>
<li>No bundling restrictions</li>
<li>Not virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="X">
<body>
<p><em>X11 Consortium</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compliant</li>
<li>No fee restrictions</li>
<li>No bundling restrictions</li>
<li>Not virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Jikes3">
<body>
<p><em>IBM</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compliant</li>
<li>No fee restrictions</li>
<li>No distribution restrictions</li>
<li>Not virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="GPL">
<body>
<p><em>Free Software Foundation</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compliant</li>
<li>No fee restrictions, but ...</li>
<li>No bundling restrictions</li>
<li>Virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="LGPL">
<body>
<p><em>Free Software Foundation</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compliant</li>
<li>No fee restrictions, but ...</li>
<li>No bundling restrictions</li>
<li>Limited virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Perl Artistic">
<body>
<p><em>The Perl Programming Language</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compilant</li>
<li>Fee restrictions</li>
<li>Bundling restrictions</li>
<li>Not virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Aladdin">
<body>
<p><em>Ghostscript</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Not Open Source compliant</li>
<li>Restricted fees (distribution only)</li>
<li>No bundling with commercial products</li>
<li>Virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="NPL">
<body>
<p><em>Netscape Communications</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Not Open Source compliant</li>
<li>No fee restrictions</li>
<li>No distribution restrictions</li>
<li>Limited virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="MPL">
<body>
<p><em>Netscape Communications (Mozilla)</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Open Source compliant</li>
<li>No fee restrictions</li>
<li>No distribution restrictions</li>
<li>Limited virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="SCSL">
<body>
<p><em>Sun Microsystems</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Not Open Source compliant</li>
<li>Fee restrictions</li>
<li>No distribution restrictions</li>
<li>Limited virulent</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Promises of Open Source">
<body>
<ul>
<li>New distributed development paradigm
<ul>
<li>Unlimited amount of developers</li>
<li>Highly motivated and skilled developers</li>
<li>Distributed control / moderator</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Promises of Open Source (2)">
<body>
<ul>
<li><text color="orange">New distributed development paradigm</text></li>
<li>Re-use of software
<ul>
<li>Embedded modules</li>
<li>Complete products</li>
<li>Branding</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Promises of Open Source (3)">
<body>
<ul>
<li><text color="orange">New distributed development paradigm</text></li>
<li><text color="orange">Re-use of software</text></li>
<li>Community Web
<ul>
<li>Loyal, expanding group of users and evangelists</li>
<li>Web sites with hosting and other services</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="Threats">
<body>
<ul>
<li>Contracts</li>
<li>Software patents</li>
<li>UCITA</li>
<li>DMCA</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="The UCITA threat - Liability">
<body>
<p>A software developer or distributor is completely liable
for flaws in a program.</p>
<p>A shrink-wrap license may override this.</p>
<p>Software companies will use shrink-wrap
licenses to avoid liability entirely.</p>
<p>But 'free software' developers will be affected.</p>
<p>Free software developers won't have any reliable way to avoid the
problem.</p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="The UCITA threat - Reverse engineering">
<body>
<p>Software companies may prohibit reverse engineering.</p>
<p>Free software developers won't have a lawful way to figure out
proprietary file formats and protocols.</p>
<p><a show="phase 1">Imagine: No free tools to display Word documents,
to show GIF images, to play Audio CDs and MP3's...</a></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="DMCA">
<body>
<p><em>Digital Millenium Copyright Act</em></p>
<p>Content providers can be sued if they provide acces to
copyrighted material.</p>
<p>They are, however, <em>not</em> liable if they remove the offending
material.</p>
<p><a show="phase 1">This forces Internet providers to control their
customers and remove everything they are not 100% sure of.</a></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="ACME opportunities">
<body>
<ul>
<li>Knowledge management on Open Source
<ul>
<li>Web site with references and experiences (XML)</li>
<li>Share between labs and PS</li>
<li>Incorporate Open Source software in products</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="ACME opportunities (2)">
<body>
<ul>
<li><text color="orange">Knowledge management on Open Source</text></li>
<li>Start, or participate in, Open Souce projects
<ul>
<li>Scarce resources</li>
<li>Shared research / innovation</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="ACME opportunities (3)">
<body>
<ul>
<li><text color="orange">Knowledge management on Open Source</text></li>
<li><text color="orange">Start, or participate in, Open Souce projects</text></li>
<li>Offer infrastructure & Expert service
<ul>
<li>Infrastructure: hosting, CVS, discussion forms, ...</li>
<li>Expertise: Project management</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="About this presentation">
<body>
<p>This presentation was developed and presented using Open Source
tools only.</p>
<ul>
<li show="phase 1 from s 2">W3C Amaya XHTML browser/editor</li>
<li show="phase 2 from s 2">GNU Portable Presenter</li>
<li show="phase 3 from s 2">GNU Emacs and Perl</li>
<li show="phase 4 from s 2">GIMP</li>
<li show="phase 5 from s 2">RedHat Linux</li>
</ul>
The website was automatically produced by the Presenter.
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="" template="main">
<body>
<p align="center"><huge>Questions</huge></p>
<p align="center"><huge>&</huge></p>
<p align="center"><huge>Answers</huge></p>
</body>
</slide>
<slide title="" template="main">
<body>
<p><smaller>"That ideas should freely spread from one to
another over the globe, for the moral and mutual instruction of man,
and improvement of his condition, seems to have been peculiarly and
benevolently designed by nature, when she made them, like fire,
expansible over all space, without lessening their density at any
point, and like the air in which we breathe, move, and have our
physical being, incapable of confinement or exclusive appropriation.
Inventions then cannot, in nature, be a subject of
property."</smaller></p>
<p align='right'><em>Thomas Jefferson</em></p>
</body>
</slide>
</presentation>
<!-- Local Variables: -->
<!-- Mode: fundamental -->
<!-- eval: (load-file "xml.el") -->
<!-- eval: (font-lock-mode t) -->
<!-- End: -->