/*
** 2001 September 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
** May you do good and not evil.
** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.24 2004/02/14 19:14:50 matt Exp $
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "sqlite.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "vdbe.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "btree.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
/*
** The maximum number of in-memory pages to use for the main database
** table and for temporary tables.
*/
#define MAX_PAGES 2000
#define TEMP_PAGES 500
/*
** If the following macro is set to 1, then NULL values are considered
** distinct for the SELECT DISTINCT statement and for UNION or EXCEPT
** compound queries. No other SQL database engine (among those tested)
** works this way except for OCELOT. But the SQL92 spec implies that
** this is how things should work.
**
** If the following macro is set to 0, then NULLs are indistinct for
** SELECT DISTINCT and for UNION.
*/
#define NULL_ALWAYS_DISTINCT 0
/*
** If the following macro is set to 1, then NULL values are considered
** distinct when determining whether or not two entries are the same
** in a UNIQUE index. This is the way PostgreSQL, Oracle, DB2, MySQL,
** OCELOT, and Firebird all work. The SQL92 spec explicitly says this
** is the way things are suppose to work.
**
** If the following macro is set to 0, the NULLs are indistinct for
** a UNIQUE index. In this mode, you can only have a single NULL entry
** for a column declared UNIQUE. This is the way Informix and SQL Server
** work.
*/
#define NULL_DISTINCT_FOR_UNIQUE 1
/*
** The maximum number of attached databases. This must be at least 2
** in order to support the main database file (0) and the file used to
** hold temporary tables (1). And it must be less than 256 because
** an unsigned character is used to stored the database index.
*/
#define MAX_ATTACHED 10
/*
** The next macro is used to determine where TEMP tables and indices
** are stored. Possible values:
**
** 0 Always use a temporary files
** 1 Use a file unless overridden by "PRAGMA temp_store"
** 2 Use memory unless overridden by "PRAGMA temp_store"
** 3 Always use memory
*/
#ifndef TEMP_STORE
# define TEMP_STORE 1
#endif
/*
** When building SQLite for embedded systems where memory is scarce,
** you can define one or more of the following macros to omit extra
** features of the library and thus keep the size of the library to
** a minimum.
*/
/* #define SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION 1 */
/* #define SQLITE_OMIT_INMEMORYDB 1 */
/* #define SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM 1 */
/* #define SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS 1 */
/* #define SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK 1 */
/*
** Integers of known sizes. These typedefs might change for architectures
** where the sizes very. Preprocessor macros are available so that the
** types can be conveniently redefined at compile-type. Like this:
**
** cc '-DUINTPTR_TYPE=long long int' ...
*/
#ifndef UINT32_TYPE
# define UINT32_TYPE unsigned int
#endif
#ifndef UINT16_TYPE
# define UINT16_TYPE unsigned short int
#endif
#ifndef UINT8_TYPE
# define UINT8_TYPE unsigned char
#endif
#ifndef INTPTR_TYPE
# if SQLITE_PTR_SZ==4
# define INTPTR_TYPE int
# else
# define INTPTR_TYPE long long
# endif
#endif
typedef UINT32_TYPE u32; /* 4-byte unsigned integer */
typedef UINT16_TYPE u16; /* 2-byte unsigned integer */
typedef UINT8_TYPE u8; /* 1-byte unsigned integer */
typedef INTPTR_TYPE ptr; /* Big enough to hold a pointer */
typedef unsigned INTPTR_TYPE uptr; /* Big enough to hold a pointer */
/*
** Most C compilers these days recognize "long double", don't they?
** Just in case we encounter one that does not, we will create a macro
** for long double so that it can be easily changed to just "double".
*/
#ifndef LONGDOUBLE_TYPE
# define LONGDOUBLE_TYPE long double
#endif
/*
** This macro casts a pointer to an integer. Useful for doing
** pointer arithmetic.
*/
#define Addr(X) ((uptr)X)
/*
** The maximum number of bytes of data that can be put into a single
** row of a single table. The upper bound on this limit is 16777215
** bytes (or 16MB-1). We have arbitrarily set the limit to just 1MB
** here because the overflow page chain is inefficient for really big
** records and we want to discourage people from thinking that
** multi-megabyte records are OK. If your needs are different, you can
** change this define and recompile to increase or decrease the record
** size.
**
** The 16777198 is computed as follows: 238 bytes of payload on the
** original pages plus 16448 overflow pages each holding 1020 bytes of
** data.
*/
#define MAX_BYTES_PER_ROW 1048576
/* #define MAX_BYTES_PER_ROW 16777198 */
/*
** If memory allocation problems are found, recompile with
**
** -DMEMORY_DEBUG=1
**
** to enable some sanity checking on malloc() and free(). To
** check for memory leaks, recompile with
**
** -DMEMORY_DEBUG=2
**
** and a line of text will be written to standard error for
** each malloc() and free(). This output can be analyzed
** by an AWK script to determine if there are any leaks.
*/
#ifdef MEMORY_DEBUG
# define sqliteMalloc(X) sqliteMalloc_(X,1,__FILE__,__LINE__)
# define sqliteMallocRaw(X) sqliteMalloc_(X,0,__FILE__,__LINE__)
# define sqliteFree(X) sqliteFree_(X,__FILE__,__LINE__)
# define sqliteRealloc(X,Y) sqliteRealloc_(X,Y,__FILE__,__LINE__)
# define sqliteStrDup(X) sqliteStrDup_(X,__FILE__,__LINE__)
# define sqliteStrNDup(X,Y) sqliteStrNDup_(X,Y,__FILE__,__LINE__)
void sqliteStrRealloc(char**);
#else
# define sqliteStrRealloc(X)
#endif
/*
** This variable gets set if malloc() ever fails. After it gets set,
** the SQLite library shuts down permanently.
*/
extern int sqlite_malloc_failed;
/*
** The following global variables are used for testing and debugging
** only. They only work if MEMORY_DEBUG is defined.
*/
#ifdef MEMORY_DEBUG
extern int sqlite_nMalloc; /* Number of sqliteMalloc() calls */
extern int sqlite_nFree; /* Number of sqliteFree() calls */
extern int sqlite_iMallocFail; /* Fail sqliteMalloc() after this many calls */
#endif
/*
** Name of the master database table. The master database table
** is a special table that holds the names and attributes of all
** user tables and indices.
*/
#define MASTER_NAME "sqlite_master"
#define TEMP_MASTER_NAME "sqlite_temp_master"
/*
** The name of the schema table.
*/
#define SCHEMA_TABLE(x) (x?TEMP_MASTER_NAME:MASTER_NAME)
/*
** A convenience macro that returns the number of elements in
** an array.
*/
#define ArraySize(X) (sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
/*
** Forward references to structures
*/
typedef struct Column Column;
typedef struct Table Table;
typedef struct Index Index;
typedef struct Instruction Instruction;
typedef struct Expr Expr;
typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
typedef struct Parse Parse;
typedef struct Token Token;
typedef struct IdList IdList;
typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
typedef struct WhereLevel WhereLevel;
typedef struct Select Select;
typedef struct AggExpr AggExpr;
typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
typedef struct TriggerStack TriggerStack;
typedef struct FKey FKey;
typedef struct Db Db;
typedef struct AuthContext AuthContext;
/*
** Each database file to be accessed by the system is an instance
** of the following structure. There are normally two of these structures
** in the sqlite.aDb[] array. aDb[0] is the main database file and
** aDb[1] is the database file used to hold temporary tables. Additional
** databases may be attached.
*/
struct Db {
char *zName; /* Name of this database */
Btree *pBt; /* The B*Tree structure for this database file */
int schema_cookie; /* Database schema version number for this file */
Hash tblHash; /* All tables indexed by name */
Hash idxHash; /* All (named) indices indexed by name */
Hash trigHash; /* All triggers indexed by name */
Hash aFKey; /* Foreign keys indexed by to-table */
u8 inTrans; /* 0: not writable. 1: Transaction. 2: Checkpoint */
u16 flags; /* Flags associated with this database */
};
/*
** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
** Db.flags field.
*/
#define DbHasProperty(D,I,P) (((D)->aDb[I].flags&(P))==(P))
#define DbHasAnyProperty(D,I,P) (((D)->aDb[I].flags&(P))!=0)
#define DbSetProperty(D,I,P) (D)->aDb[I].flags|=(P)
#define DbClearProperty(D,I,P) (D)->aDb[I].flags&=~(P)
/*
** Allowed values for the DB.flags field.
**
** The DB_Locked flag is set when the first OP_Transaction or OP_Checkpoint
** opcode is emitted for a database. This prevents multiple occurances
** of those opcodes for the same database in the same program. Similarly,
** the DB_Cookie flag is set when the OP_VerifyCookie opcode is emitted,
** and prevents duplicate OP_VerifyCookies from taking up space and slowing
** down execution.
**
** The DB_SchemaLoaded flag is set after the database schema has been
** read into internal hash tables.
**
** DB_UnresetViews means that one or more views have column names that
** have been filled out. If the schema changes, these column names might
** changes and so the view will need to be reset.
*/
#define DB_Locked 0x0001 /* OP_Transaction opcode has been emitted */
#define DB_Cookie 0x0002 /* OP_VerifyCookie opcode has been emiited */
#define DB_SchemaLoaded 0x0004 /* The schema has been loaded */
#define DB_UnresetViews 0x0008 /* Some views have defined column names */
/*
** Each database is an instance of the following structure.
**
** The sqlite.file_format is initialized by the database file
** and helps determines how the data in the database file is
** represented. This field allows newer versions of the library
** to read and write older databases. The various file formats
** are as follows:
**
** file_format==1 Version 2.1.0.
** file_format==2 Version 2.2.0. Add support for INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.
** file_format==3 Version 2.6.0. Fix empty-string index bug.
** file_format==4 Version 2.7.0. Add support for separate numeric and
** text datatypes.
**
** The sqlite.temp_store determines where temporary database files
** are stored. If 1, then a file is created to hold those tables. If
** 2, then they are held in memory. 0 means use the default value in
** the TEMP_STORE macro.
*/
struct sqlite {
int nDb; /* Number of backends currently in use */
Db *aDb; /* All backends */
Db aDbStatic[2]; /* Static space for the 2 default backends */
int flags; /* Miscellanous flags. See below */
u8 file_format; /* What file format version is this database? */
u8 safety_level; /* How aggressive at synching data to disk */
u8 want_to_close; /* Close after all VDBEs are deallocated */
int next_cookie; /* Next value of aDb[0].schema_cookie */
int cache_size; /* Number of pages to use in the cache */
int temp_store; /* 1=file, 2=memory, 0=compile-time default */
int nTable; /* Number of tables in the database */
void *pBusyArg; /* 1st Argument to the busy callback */
int (*xBusyCallback)(void *,const char*,int); /* The busy callback */
void *pCommitArg; /* Argument to xCommitCallback() */
int (*xCommitCallback)(void*);/* Invoked at every commit. */
Hash aFunc; /* All functions that can be in SQL exprs */
int lastRowid; /* ROWID of most recent insert */
int priorNewRowid; /* Last randomly generated ROWID */
int onError; /* Default conflict algorithm */
int magic; /* Magic number for detect library misuse */
int nChange; /* Number of rows changed */
struct Vdbe *pVdbe; /* List of active virtual machines */
void (*xTrace)(void*,const char*); /* Trace function */
void *pTraceArg; /* Argument to the trace function */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*);
/* Access authorization function */
void *pAuthArg; /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
int (*xProgress)(void *); /* The progress callback */
void *pProgressArg; /* Argument to the progress callback */
int nProgressOps; /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
#endif
};
/*
** Possible values for the sqlite.flags and or Db.flags fields.
**
** On sqlite.flags, the SQLITE_InTrans value means that we have
** executed a BEGIN. On Db.flags, SQLITE_InTrans means a statement
** transaction is active on that particular database file.
*/
#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace 0x00000001 /* True to trace VDBE execution */
#define SQLITE_Initialized 0x00000002 /* True after initialization */
#define SQLITE_Interrupt 0x00000004 /* Cancel current operation */
#define SQLITE_InTrans 0x00000008 /* True if in a transaction */
#define SQLITE_InternChanges 0x00000010 /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
#define SQLITE_FullColNames 0x00000020 /* Show full column names on SELECT */
#define SQLITE_CountRows 0x00000040 /* Count rows changed by INSERT, */
/* DELETE, or UPDATE and return */
/* the count using a callback. */
#define SQLITE_NullCallback 0x00000080 /* Invoke the callback once if the */
/* result set is empty */
#define SQLITE_ReportTypes 0x00000200 /* Include information on datatypes */
/* in 4th argument of callback */
/*
** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
** than being distinct from one another.
*/
#define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN 0xa029a697 /* Database is open */
#define SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED 0x9f3c2d33 /* Database is closed */
#define SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY 0xf03b7906 /* Database currently in use */
#define SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR 0xb5357930 /* An SQLITE_MISUSE error occurred */
/*
** Each SQL function is defined by an instance of the following
** structure. A pointer to this structure is stored in the sqlite.aFunc
** hash table. When multiple functions have the same name, the hash table
** points to a linked list of these structures.
*/
struct FuncDef {
void (*xFunc)(sqlite_func*,int,const char**); /* Regular function */
void (*xStep)(sqlite_func*,int,const char**); /* Aggregate function step */
void (*xFinalize)(sqlite_func*); /* Aggregate function finializer */
int nArg; /* Number of arguments */
int dataType; /* Datatype of the result */
void *pUserData; /* User data parameter */
FuncDef *pNext; /* Next function with same name */
};
/*
** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
** of this structure.
*/
struct Column {
char *zName; /* Name of this column */
char *zDflt; /* Default value of this column */
char *zType; /* Data type for this column */
u8 notNull; /* True if there is a NOT NULL constraint */
u8 isPrimKey; /* True if this column is part of the PRIMARY KEY */
u8 sortOrder; /* Some combination of SQLITE_SO_... values */
};
/*
** The allowed sort orders.
**
** The TEXT and NUM values use bits that do not overlap with DESC and ASC.
** That way the two can be combined into a single number.
*/
#define SQLITE_SO_UNK 0 /* Use the default collating type. (SCT_NUM) */
#define SQLITE_SO_TEXT 2 /* Sort using memcmp() */
#define SQLITE_SO_NUM 4 /* Sort using sqliteCompare() */
#define SQLITE_SO_TYPEMASK 6 /* Mask to extract the collating sequence */
#define SQLITE_SO_ASC 0 /* Sort in ascending order */
#define SQLITE_SO_DESC 1 /* Sort in descending order */
#define SQLITE_SO_DIRMASK 1 /* Mask to extract the sort direction */
/*
** Each SQL table is represented in memory by an instance of the
** following structure.
**
** Table.zName is the name of the table. The case of the original
** CREATE TABLE statement is stored, but case is not significant for
** comparisons.
**
** Table.nCol is the number of columns in this table. Table.aCol is a
** pointer to an array of Column structures, one for each column.
**
** If the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then Table.iPKey is the index of
** the column that is that key. Otherwise Table.iPKey is negative. Note
** that the datatype of the PRIMARY KEY must be INTEGER for this field to
** be set. An INTEGER PRIMARY KEY is used as the rowid for each row of
** the table. If a table has no INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then a random rowid
** is generated for each row of the table. Table.hasPrimKey is true if
** the table has any PRIMARY KEY, INTEGER or otherwise.
**
** Table.tnum is the page number for the root BTree page of the table in the
** database file. If Table.iDb is the index of the database table backend
** in sqlite.aDb[]. 0 is for the main database and 1 is for the file that
** holds temporary tables and indices. If Table.isTransient
** is true, then the table is stored in a file that is automatically deleted
** when the VDBE cursor to the table is closed. In this case Table.tnum
** refers VDBE cursor number that holds the table open, not to the root
** page number. Transient tables are used to hold the results of a
** sub-query that appears instead of a real table name in the FROM clause
** of a SELECT statement.
*/
struct Table {
char *zName; /* Name of the table */
int nCol; /* Number of columns in this table */
Column *aCol; /* Information about each column */
int iPKey; /* If not less then 0, use aCol[iPKey] as the primary key */
Index *pIndex; /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
int tnum; /* Root BTree node for this table (see note above) */
Select *pSelect; /* NULL for tables. Points to definition if a view. */
u8 readOnly; /* True if this table should not be written by the user */
u8 iDb; /* Index into sqlite.aDb[] of the backend for this table */
u8 isTransient; /* True if automatically deleted when VDBE finishes */
u8 hasPrimKey; /* True if there exists a primary key */
u8 keyConf; /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
Trigger *pTrigger; /* List of SQL triggers on this table */
FKey *pFKey; /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
};
/*
** Each foreign key constraint is an instance of the following structure.
**
** A foreign key is associated with two tables. The "from" table is
** the table that contains the REFERENCES clause that creates the foreign
** key. The "to" table is the table that is named in the REFERENCES clause.
** Consider this example:
**
** CREATE TABLE ex1(
** a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
** b INTEGER CONSTRAINT fk1 REFERENCES ex2(x)
** );
**
** For foreign key "fk1", the from-table is "ex1" and the to-table is "ex2".
**
** Each REFERENCES clause generates an instance of the following structure
** which is attached to the from-table. The to-table need not exist when
** the from-table is created. The existance of the to-table is not checked
** until an attempt is made to insert data into the from-table.
**
** The sqlite.aFKey hash table stores pointers to this structure
** given the name of a to-table. For each to-table, all foreign keys
** associated with that table are on a linked list using the FKey.pNextTo
** field.
*/
struct FKey {
Table *pFrom; /* The table that constains the REFERENCES clause */
FKey *pNextFrom; /* Next foreign key in pFrom */
char *zTo; /* Name of table that the key points to */
FKey *pNextTo; /* Next foreign key that points to zTo */
int nCol; /* Number of columns in this key */
struct sColMap { /* Mapping of columns in pFrom to columns in zTo */
int iFrom; /* Index of column in pFrom */
char *zCol; /* Name of column in zTo. If 0 use PRIMARY KEY */
} *aCol; /* One entry for each of nCol column s */
u8 isDeferred; /* True if constraint checking is deferred till COMMIT */
u8 updateConf; /* How to resolve conflicts that occur on UPDATE */
u8 deleteConf; /* How to resolve conflicts that occur on DELETE */
u8 insertConf; /* How to resolve conflicts that occur on INSERT */
};
/*
** SQLite supports many different ways to resolve a contraint
** error. ROLLBACK processing means that a constraint violation
** causes the operation in process to fail and for the current transaction
** to be rolled back. ABORT processing means the operation in process
** fails and any prior changes from that one operation are backed out,
** but the transaction is not rolled back. FAIL processing means that
** the operation in progress stops and returns an error code. But prior
** changes due to the same operation are not backed out and no rollback
** occurs. IGNORE means that the particular row that caused the constraint
** error is not inserted or updated. Processing continues and no error
** is returned. REPLACE means that preexisting database rows that caused
** a UNIQUE constraint violation are removed so that the new insert or
** update can proceed. Processing continues and no error is reported.
**
** RESTRICT, SETNULL, and CASCADE actions apply only to foreign keys.
** RESTRICT is the same as ABORT for IMMEDIATE foreign keys and the
** same as ROLLBACK for DEFERRED keys. SETNULL means that the foreign
** key is set to NULL. CASCADE means that a DELETE or UPDATE of the
** referenced table row is propagated into the row that holds the
** foreign key.
**
** The following symbolic values are used to record which type
** of action to take.
*/
#define OE_None 0 /* There is no constraint to check */
#define OE_Rollback 1 /* Fail the operation and rollback the transaction */
#define OE_Abort 2 /* Back out changes but do no rollback transaction */
#define OE_Fail 3 /* Stop the operation but leave all prior changes */
#define OE_Ignore 4 /* Ignore the error. Do not do the INSERT or UPDATE */
#define OE_Replace 5 /* Delete existing record, then do INSERT or UPDATE */
#define OE_Restrict 6 /* OE_Abort for IMMEDIATE, OE_Rollback for DEFERRED */
#define OE_SetNull 7 /* Set the foreign key value to NULL */
#define OE_SetDflt 8 /* Set the foreign key value to its default */
#define OE_Cascade 9 /* Cascade the changes */
#define OE_Default 99 /* Do whatever the default action is */
/*
** Each SQL index is represented in memory by an
** instance of the following structure.
**
** The columns of the table that are to be indexed are described
** by the aiColumn[] field of this structure. For example, suppose
** we have the following table and index:
**
** CREATE TABLE Ex1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 text);
** CREATE INDEX Ex2 ON Ex1(c3,c1);
**
** In the Table structure describing Ex1, nCol==3 because there are
** three columns in the table. In the Index structure describing
** Ex2, nColumn==2 since 2 of the 3 columns of Ex1 are indexed.
** The value of aiColumn is {2, 0}. aiColumn[0]==2 because the
** first column to be indexed (c3) has an index of 2 in Ex1.aCol[].
** The second column to be indexed (c1) has an index of 0 in
** Ex1.aCol[], hence Ex2.aiColumn[1]==0.
**
** The Index.onError field determines whether or not the indexed columns
** must be unique and what to do if they are not. When Index.onError=OE_None,
** it means this is not a unique index. Otherwise it is a unique index
** and the value of Index.onError indicate the which conflict resolution
** algorithm to employ whenever an attempt is made to insert a non-unique
** element.
*/
struct Index {
char *zName; /* Name of this index */
int nColumn; /* Number of columns in the table used by this index */
int *aiColumn; /* Which columns are used by this index. 1st is 0 */
Table *pTable; /* The SQL table being indexed */
int tnum; /* Page containing root of this index in database file */
u8 onError; /* OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, OE_Replace, or OE_None */
u8 autoIndex; /* True if is automatically created (ex: by UNIQUE) */
u8 iDb; /* Index in sqlite.aDb[] of where this index is stored */
Index *pNext; /* The next index associated with the same table */
};
/*
** Each token coming out of the lexer is an instance of
** this structure. Tokens are also used as part of an expression.
**
** Note if Token.z==0 then Token.dyn and Token.n are undefined and
** may contain random values. Do not make any assuptions about Token.dyn
** and Token.n when Token.z==0.
*/
struct Token {
const char *z; /* Text of the token. Not NULL-terminated! */
unsigned dyn : 1; /* True for malloced memory, false for static */
unsigned n : 31; /* Number of characters in this token */
};
/*
** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
** of this structure.
**
** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
** tree.
**
** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are subexpressions. Expr.pList is a list
** of argument if the expression is a function.
**
** Expr.token is the operator token for this node. For some expressions
** that have subexpressions, Expr.token can be the complete text that gave
** rise to the Expr. In the latter case, the token is marked as being
** a compound token.
**
** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column. If the
** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
**
** If the expression is a function, the Expr.iTable is an integer code
** representing which function. If the expression is an unbound variable
** marker (a question mark character '?' in the original SQL) then the
** Expr.iTable holds the index number for that variable.
**
** The Expr.pSelect field points to a SELECT statement. The SELECT might
** be the right operand of an IN operator. Or, if a scalar SELECT appears
** in an expression the opcode is TK_SELECT and Expr.pSelect is the only
** operand.
*/
struct Expr {
u8 op; /* Operation performed by this node */
u8 dataType; /* Either SQLITE_SO_TEXT or SQLITE_SO_NUM */
u8 iDb; /* Database referenced by this expression */
u8 flags; /* Various flags. See below */
Expr *pLeft, *pRight; /* Left and right subnodes */
ExprList *pList; /* A list of expressions used as function arguments
** or in "<expr> IN (<expr-list)" */
Token token; /* An operand token */
Token span; /* Complete text of the expression */
int iTable, iColumn; /* When op==TK_COLUMN, then this expr node means the
** iColumn-th field of the iTable-th table. */
int iAgg; /* When op==TK_COLUMN and pParse->useAgg==TRUE, pull
** result from the iAgg-th element of the aggregator */
Select *pSelect; /* When the expression is a sub-select. Also the
** right side of "<expr> IN (<select>)" */
};
/*
** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
*/
#define EP_FromJoin 0x0001 /* Originated in ON or USING clause of a join */
/*
** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
** Expr.flags field.
*/
#define ExprHasProperty(E,P) (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
#define ExprHasAnyProperty(E,P) (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
#define ExprSetProperty(E,P) (E)->flags|=(P)
#define ExprClearProperty(E,P) (E)->flags&=~(P)
/*
** A list of expressions. Each expression may optionally have a
** name. An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE. A list of expressions can
** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
** field is not used.
*/
struct ExprList {
int nExpr; /* Number of expressions on the list */
int nAlloc; /* Number of entries allocated below */
struct ExprList_item {
Expr *pExpr; /* The list of expressions */
char *zName; /* Token associated with this expression */
u8 sortOrder; /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
u8 isAgg; /* True if this is an aggregate like count(*) */
u8 done; /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
} *a; /* One entry for each expression */
};
/*
** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
**
** INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) VALUES ...;
** CREATE INDEX idx ON t(a,b,c);
** CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE UPDATE ON t(a,b,c) ...;
**
** The IdList.a.idx field is used when the IdList represents the list of
** column names after a table name in an INSERT statement. In the statement
**
** INSERT INTO t(a,b,c) ...
**
** If "a" is the k-th column of table "t", then IdList.a[0].idx==k.
*/
struct IdList {
int nId; /* Number of identifiers on the list */
int nAlloc; /* Number of entries allocated for a[] below */
struct IdList_item {
char *zName; /* Name of the identifier */
int idx; /* Index in some Table.aCol[] of a column named zName */
} *a;
};
/*
** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
** the SrcList.a[] array.
**
** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure
** can also be used to describe a particular table such as the table that
** is modified by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement. In standard SQL,
** such a table must be a simple name: ID. But in SQLite, the table can
** now be identified by a database name, a dot, then the table name: ID.ID.
*/
struct SrcList {
u16 nSrc; /* Number of tables or subqueries in the FROM clause */
u16 nAlloc; /* Number of entries allocated in a[] below */
struct SrcList_item {
char *zDatabase; /* Name of database holding this table */
char *zName; /* Name of the table */
char *zAlias; /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase. zName is the "A" */
Table *pTab; /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
Select *pSelect; /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
int jointype; /* Type of join between this table and the next */
int iCursor; /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
Expr *pOn; /* The ON clause of a join */
IdList *pUsing; /* The USING clause of a join */
} a[1]; /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};
/*
** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
*/
#define JT_INNER 0x0001 /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
#define JT_NATURAL 0x0002 /* True for a "natural" join */
#define JT_LEFT 0x0004 /* Left outer join */
#define JT_RIGHT 0x0008 /* Right outer join */
#define JT_OUTER 0x0010 /* The "OUTER" keyword is present */
#define JT_ERROR 0x0020 /* unknown or unsupported join type */
/*
** For each nested loop in a WHERE clause implementation, the WhereInfo
** structure contains a single instance of this structure. This structure
** is intended to be private the the where.c module and should not be
** access or modified by other modules.
*/
struct WhereLevel {
int iMem; /* Memory cell used by this level */
Index *pIdx; /* Index used */
int iCur; /* Cursor number used for this index */
int score; /* How well this indexed scored */
int brk; /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
int cont; /* Jump here to continue with the next loop cycle */
int op, p1, p2; /* Opcode used to terminate the loop */
int iLeftJoin; /* Memory cell used to implement LEFT OUTER JOIN */
int top; /* First instruction of interior of the loop */
int inOp, inP1, inP2;/* Opcode used to implement an IN operator */
int bRev; /* Do the scan in the reverse direction */
};
/*
** The WHERE clause processing routine has two halves. The
** first part does the start of the WHERE loop and the second
** half does the tail of the WHERE loop. An instance of
** this structure is returned by the first half and passed
** into the second half to give some continuity.
*/
struct WhereInfo {
Parse *pParse;
SrcList *pTabList; /* List of tables in the join */
int iContinue; /* Jump here to continue with next record */
int iBreak; /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
int nLevel; /* Number of nested loop */
int savedNTab; /* Value of pParse->nTab before WhereBegin() */
int peakNTab; /* Value of pParse->nTab after WhereBegin() */
WhereLevel a[1]; /* Information about each nest loop in the WHERE */
};
/*
** An instance of the following structure contains all information
** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
**
** The zSelect field is used when the Select structure must be persistent.
** Normally, the expression tree points to tokens in the original input
** string that encodes the select. But if the Select structure must live
** longer than its input string (for example when it is used to describe
** a VIEW) we have to make a copy of the input string so that the nodes
** of the expression tree will have something to point to. zSelect is used
** to hold that copy.
**
** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause. nOffset is set to 0.
** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the
** limit and nOffset to the value of the offset (or 0 if there is not
** offset). But later on, nLimit and nOffset become the memory locations
** in the VDBE that record the limit and offset counters.
*/
struct Select {
ExprList *pEList; /* The fields of the result */
u8 op; /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
u8 isDistinct; /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
SrcList *pSrc; /* The FROM clause */
Expr *pWhere; /* The WHERE clause */
ExprList *pGroupBy; /* The GROUP BY clause */
Expr *pHaving; /* The HAVING clause */
ExprList *pOrderBy; /* The ORDER BY clause */
Select *pPrior; /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
int nLimit, nOffset; /* LIMIT and OFFSET values. -1 means not used */
int iLimit, iOffset; /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
char *zSelect; /* Complete text of the SELECT command */
};
/*
** The results of a select can be distributed in several ways.
*/
#define SRT_Callback 1 /* Invoke a callback with each row of result */
#define SRT_Mem 2 /* Store result in a memory cell */
#define SRT_Set 3 /* Store result as unique keys in a table */
#define SRT_Union 5 /* Store result as keys in a table */
#define SRT_Except 6 /* Remove result from a UNION table */
#define SRT_Table 7 /* Store result as data with a unique key */
#define SRT_TempTable 8 /* Store result in a trasient table */
#define SRT_Discard 9 /* Do not save the results anywhere */
#define SRT_Sorter 10 /* Store results in the sorter */
#define SRT_Subroutine 11 /* Call a subroutine to handle results */
/*
** When a SELECT uses aggregate functions (like "count(*)" or "avg(f1)")
** we have to do some additional analysis of expressions. An instance
** of the following structure holds information about a single subexpression
** somewhere in the SELECT statement. An array of these structures holds
** all the information we need to generate code for aggregate
** expressions.
**
** Note that when analyzing a SELECT containing aggregates, both
** non-aggregate field variables and aggregate functions are stored
** in the AggExpr array of the Parser structure.
**
** The pExpr field points to an expression that is part of either the
** field list, the GROUP BY clause, the HAVING clause or the ORDER BY
** clause. The expression will be freed when those clauses are cleaned
** up. Do not try to delete the expression attached to AggExpr.pExpr.
**
** If AggExpr.pExpr==0, that means the expression is "count(*)".
*/
struct AggExpr {
int isAgg; /* if TRUE contains an aggregate function */
Expr *pExpr; /* The expression */
FuncDef *pFunc; /* Information about the aggregate function */
};
/*
** An SQL parser context. A copy of this structure is passed through
** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
*/
struct Parse {
sqlite *db; /* The main database structure */
int rc; /* Return code from execution */
sqlite_callback xCallback; /* The callback function */
void *pArg; /* First argument to the callback function */
char *zErrMsg; /* An error message */
Token sErrToken; /* The token at which the error occurred */
Token sFirstToken; /* The first token parsed */
Token sLastToken; /* The last token parsed */
const char *zTail; /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
Table *pNewTable; /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
Vdbe *pVdbe; /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
u8 colNamesSet; /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
u8 explain; /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
u8 initFlag; /* True if reparsing CREATE TABLEs */
u8 nameClash; /* A permanent table name clashes with temp table name */
u8 useAgg; /* If true, extract field values from the aggregator
** while generating expressions. Normally false */
u8 iDb; /* Index of database whose schema is being parsed */
u8 useCallback; /* True if callbacks should be used to report results */
int newTnum; /* Table number to use when reparsing CREATE TABLEs */
int nErr; /* Number of errors seen */
int nTab; /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
int nMem; /* Number of memory cells used so far */
int nSet; /* Number of sets used so far */
int nAgg; /* Number of aggregate expressions */
int nVar; /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
AggExpr *aAgg; /* An array of aggregate expressions */
const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
Trigger *pNewTrigger; /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
TriggerStack *trigStack; /* Trigger actions being coded */
};
/*
** An instance of the following structure can be declared on a stack and used
** to save the Parse.zAuthContext value so that it can be restored later.
*/
struct AuthContext {
const char *zAuthContext; /* Put saved Parse.zAuthContext here */
Parse *pParse; /* The Parse structure */
};
/*
* Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
* struct Trigger.
*
* Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
* 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite* that represents the
* database). This allows Trigger structures to be retrieved by name.
* 2. All triggers associated with a single table form a linked list, using the
* pNext member of struct Trigger. A pointer to the first element of the
* linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
* struct Table.
*
* The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
* containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
*/
struct Trigger {
char *name; /* The name of the trigger */
char *table; /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
u8 iDb; /* Database containing this trigger */
u8 iTabDb; /* Database containing Trigger.table */
u8 op; /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT */
u8 tr_tm; /* One of TK_BEFORE, TK_AFTER */
Expr *pWhen; /* The WHEN clause of the expresion (may be NULL) */
IdList *pColumns; /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
the <column-list> is stored here */
int foreach; /* One of TK_ROW or TK_STATEMENT */
Token nameToken; /* Token containing zName. Use during parsing only */
TriggerStep *step_list; /* Link list of trigger program steps */
Trigger *pNext; /* Next trigger associated with the table */
};
/*
* An instance of struct TriggerStep is used to store a single SQL statement
* that is a part of a trigger-program.
*
* Instances of struct TriggerStep are stored in a singly linked list (linked
* using the "pNext" member) referenced by the "step_list" member of the
* associated struct Trigger instance. The first element of the linked list is
* the first step of the trigger-program.
*
* The "op" member indicates whether this is a "DELETE", "INSERT", "UPDATE" or
* "SELECT" statement. The meanings of the other members is determined by the
* value of "op" as follows:
*
* (op == TK_INSERT)
* orconf -> stores the ON CONFLICT algorithm
* pSelect -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statement, then
* this stores a pointer to the SELECT statement. Otherwise NULL.
* target -> A token holding the name of the table to insert into.
* pExprList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... VALUES ... statement, then
* this stores values to be inserted. Otherwise NULL.
* pIdList -> If this is an INSERT INTO ... (<column-names>) VALUES ...
* statement, then this stores the column-names to be
* inserted into.
*
* (op == TK_DELETE)
* target -> A token holding the name of the table to delete from.
* pWhere -> The WHERE clause of the DELETE statement if one is specified.
* Otherwise NULL.
*
* (op == TK_UPDATE)
* target -> A token holding the name of the table to update rows of.
* pWhere -> The WHERE clause of the UPDATE statement if one is specified.
* Otherwise NULL.
* pExprList -> A list of the columns to update and the expressions to update
* them to. See sqliteUpdate() documentation of "pChanges"
* argument.
*
*/
struct TriggerStep {
int op; /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_SELECT */
int orconf; /* OE_Rollback etc. */
Trigger *pTrig; /* The trigger that this step is a part of */
Select *pSelect; /* Valid for SELECT and sometimes
INSERT steps (when pExprList == 0) */
Token target; /* Valid for DELETE, UPDATE, INSERT steps */
Expr *pWhere; /* Valid for DELETE, UPDATE steps */
ExprList *pExprList; /* Valid for UPDATE statements and sometimes
INSERT steps (when pSelect == 0) */
IdList *pIdList; /* Valid for INSERT statements only */
TriggerStep * pNext; /* Next in the link-list */
};
/*
* An instance of struct TriggerStack stores information required during code
* generation of a single trigger program. While the trigger program is being
* coded, its associated TriggerStack instance is pointed to by the
* "pTriggerStack" member of the Parse structure.
*
* The pTab member points to the table that triggers are being coded on. The
* newIdx member contains the index of the vdbe cursor that points at the temp
* table that stores the new.* references. If new.* references are not valid
* for the trigger being coded (for example an ON DELETE trigger), then newIdx
* is set to -1. The oldIdx member is analogous to newIdx, for old.* references.
*
* The ON CONFLICT policy to be used for the trigger program steps is stored
* as the orconf member. If this is OE_Default, then the ON CONFLICT clause
* specified for individual triggers steps is used.
*
* struct TriggerStack has a "pNext" member, to allow linked lists to be
* constructed. When coding nested triggers (triggers fired by other triggers)
* each nested trigger stores its parent trigger's TriggerStack as the "pNext"
* pointer. Once the nested trigger has been coded, the pNext value is restored
* to the pTriggerStack member of the Parse stucture and coding of the parent
* trigger continues.
*
* Before a nested trigger is coded, the linked list pointed to by the
* pTriggerStack is scanned to ensure that the trigger is not about to be coded
* recursively. If this condition is detected, the nested trigger is not coded.
*/
struct TriggerStack {
Table *pTab; /* Table that triggers are currently being coded on */
int newIdx; /* Index of vdbe cursor to "new" temp table */
int oldIdx; /* Index of vdbe cursor to "old" temp table */
int orconf; /* Current orconf policy */
int ignoreJump; /* where to jump to for a RAISE(IGNORE) */
Trigger *pTrigger; /* The trigger currently being coded */
TriggerStack *pNext; /* Next trigger down on the trigger stack */
};
/*
** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
** explicit.
*/
typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
struct DbFixer {
Parse *pParse; /* The parsing context. Error messages written here */
const char *zDb; /* Make sure all objects are contained in this database */
const char *zType; /* Type of the container - used for error messages */
const Token *pName; /* Name of the container - used for error messages */
};
/*
* This global flag is set for performance testing of triggers. When it is set
* SQLite will perform the overhead of building new and old trigger references
* even when no triggers exist
*/
extern int always_code_trigger_setup;
/*
** Internal function prototypes
*/
int sqliteStrICmp(const char *, const char *);
int sqliteStrNICmp(const char *, const char *, int);
int sqliteHashNoCase(const char *, int);
int sqliteIsNumber(const char*);
int sqliteCompare(const char *, const char *);
int sqliteSortCompare(const char *, const char *);
void sqliteRealToSortable(double r, char *);
#ifdef MEMORY_DEBUG
void *sqliteMalloc_(int,int,char*,int);
void sqliteFree_(void*,char*,int);
void *sqliteRealloc_(void*,int,char*,int);
char *sqliteStrDup_(const char*,char*,int);
char *sqliteStrNDup_(const char*, int,char*,int);
void sqliteCheckMemory(void*,int);
#else
void *sqliteMalloc(int);
void *sqliteMallocRaw(int);
void sqliteFree(void*);
void *sqliteRealloc(void*,int);
char *sqliteStrDup(const char*);
char *sqliteStrNDup(const char*, int);
# define sqliteCheckMemory(a,b)
#endif
char *sqliteMPrintf(const char *,...);
void sqliteSetString(char **, const char *, ...);
void sqliteSetNString(char **, ...);
void sqliteErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
void sqliteDequote(char*);
int sqliteKeywordCode(const char*, int);
int sqliteRunParser(Parse*, const char*, char **);
void sqliteExec(Parse*);
Expr *sqliteExpr(int, Expr*, Expr*, Token*);
void sqliteExprSpan(Expr*,Token*,Token*);
Expr *sqliteExprFunction(ExprList*, Token*);
void sqliteExprDelete(Expr*);
ExprList *sqliteExprListAppend(ExprList*,Expr*,Token*);
void sqliteExprListDelete(ExprList*);
int sqliteInit(sqlite*, char**);
void sqlitePragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int);
void sqliteResetInternalSchema(sqlite*, int);
void sqliteBeginParse(Parse*,int);
void sqliteRollbackInternalChanges(sqlite*);
void sqliteCommitInternalChanges(sqlite*);
Table *sqliteResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,char*,Select*);
void sqliteOpenMasterTable(Vdbe *v, int);
void sqliteStartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int);
void sqliteAddColumn(Parse*,Token*);
void sqliteAddNotNull(Parse*, int);
void sqliteAddPrimaryKey(Parse*, IdList*, int);
void sqliteAddColumnType(Parse*,Token*,Token*);
void sqliteAddDefaultValue(Parse*,Token*,int);
int sqliteCollateType(const char*, int);
void sqliteAddCollateType(Parse*, int);
void sqliteEndTable(Parse*,Token*,Select*);
void sqliteCreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Select*,int);
int sqliteViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
void sqliteDropTable(Parse*, Token*, int);
void sqliteDeleteTable(sqlite*, Table*);
void sqliteInsert(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Select*, IdList*, int);
IdList *sqliteIdListAppend(IdList*, Token*);
int sqliteIdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
SrcList *sqliteSrcListAppend(SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
void sqliteSrcListAddAlias(SrcList*, Token*);
void sqliteSrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
void sqliteIdListDelete(IdList*);
void sqliteSrcListDelete(SrcList*);
void sqliteCreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,SrcList*,IdList*,int,Token*,Token*);
void sqliteDropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*);
void sqliteAddKeyType(Vdbe*, ExprList*);
void sqliteAddIdxKeyType(Vdbe*, Index*);
int sqliteSelect(Parse*, Select*, int, int, Select*, int, int*);
Select *sqliteSelectNew(ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
int,int,int);
void sqliteSelectDelete(Select*);
void sqliteSelectUnbind(Select*);
Table *sqliteSrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
int sqliteIsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
void sqliteDeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
void sqliteUpdate(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
WhereInfo *sqliteWhereBegin(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, int, ExprList**);
void sqliteWhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
void sqliteExprCode(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqliteExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqliteExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
Table *sqliteFindTable(sqlite*,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqliteLocateTable(Parse*,const char*, const char*);
Index *sqliteFindIndex(sqlite*,const char*, const char*);
void sqliteUnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite*,Index*);
void sqliteCopy(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*, int);
void sqliteVacuum(Parse*, Token*);
int sqliteRunVacuum(char**, sqlite*);
int sqliteGlobCompare(const unsigned char*,const unsigned char*);
int sqliteLikeCompare(const unsigned char*,const unsigned char*);
char *sqliteTableNameFromToken(Token*);
int sqliteExprCheck(Parse*, Expr*, int, int*);
int sqliteExprType(Expr*);
int sqliteExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*);
int sqliteFuncId(Token*);
int sqliteExprResolveIds(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*);
int sqliteExprAnalyzeAggregates(Parse*, Expr*);
Vdbe *sqliteGetVdbe(Parse*);
int sqliteRandomByte(void);
int sqliteRandomInteger(void);
void sqliteRollbackAll(sqlite*);
void sqliteCodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
void sqliteBeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
void sqliteCommitTransaction(Parse*);
void sqliteRollbackTransaction(Parse*);
int sqliteExprIsConstant(Expr*);
int sqliteExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
int sqliteIsRowid(const char*);
void sqliteGenerateRowDelete(sqlite*, Vdbe*, Table*, int, int);
void sqliteGenerateRowIndexDelete(sqlite*, Vdbe*, Table*, int, char*);
void sqliteGenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,char*,int,int,int,int);
void sqliteCompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, char*, int, int, int);
void sqliteBeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
void sqliteEndWriteOperation(Parse*);
Expr *sqliteExprDup(Expr*);
void sqliteTokenCopy(Token*, Token*);
ExprList *sqliteExprListDup(ExprList*);
SrcList *sqliteSrcListDup(SrcList*);
IdList *sqliteIdListDup(IdList*);
Select *sqliteSelectDup(Select*);
FuncDef *sqliteFindFunction(sqlite*,const char*,int,int,int);
void sqliteRegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite*);
void sqliteRegisterDateTimeFunctions(sqlite*);
int sqliteSafetyOn(sqlite*);
int sqliteSafetyOff(sqlite*);
int sqliteSafetyCheck(sqlite*);
void sqliteChangeCookie(sqlite*, Vdbe*);
void sqliteBeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,int,Expr*,int);
void sqliteFinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
void sqliteDropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*);
void sqliteDropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*, int);
int sqliteTriggersExist(Parse* , Trigger* , int , int , int, ExprList*);
int sqliteCodeRowTrigger(Parse*, int, ExprList*, int, Table *, int, int,
int, int);
void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
void sqliteDeleteTriggerStep(TriggerStep*);
TriggerStep *sqliteTriggerSelectStep(Select*);
TriggerStep *sqliteTriggerInsertStep(Token*, IdList*, ExprList*, Select*, int);
TriggerStep *sqliteTriggerUpdateStep(Token*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
TriggerStep *sqliteTriggerDeleteStep(Token*, Expr*);
void sqliteDeleteTrigger(Trigger*);
int sqliteJoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
void sqliteCreateForeignKey(Parse*, IdList*, Token*, IdList*, int);
void sqliteDeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
void sqliteAuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,SrcList*);
int sqliteAuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
void sqliteAuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);
void sqliteAuthContextPop(AuthContext*);
#else
# define sqliteAuthRead(a,b,c)
# define sqliteAuthCheck(a,b,c,d,e) SQLITE_OK
# define sqliteAuthContextPush(a,b,c)
# define sqliteAuthContextPop(a) ((void)(a))
#endif
void sqliteAttach(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
void sqliteDetach(Parse*, Token*);
int sqliteBtreeFactory(const sqlite *db, const char *zFilename,
int mode, int nPg, Btree **ppBtree);
int sqliteFixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
int sqliteFixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
int sqliteFixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
int sqliteFixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
int sqliteFixExprList(DbFixer*, ExprList*);
int sqliteFixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
double sqliteAtoF(const char *z);
int sqlite_snprintf(int,char*,const char*,...);
int sqliteFitsIn32Bits(const char *);