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<span class="siteTitle">NYTProf Performance Profile</span>
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<span class="siteSubtitle">Run on Tue May 4 15:25:55 2010<br />Reported on Tue May 4 15:26:19 2010</span>
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<table>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">File</td>
<td align="left">/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.10.1/Exporter.pm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">Statements Executed</td>
<td align="left">2514</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">Statement Execution Time</td>
<td align="left">8.10ms</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table id="subs_table" border="1" cellpadding="0" class="tablesorter">
<caption>Subroutines — ordered by exclusive time</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Calls</th>
<th><span title="Number of Places sub is called from">P</span></th>
<th><span title="Number of Files sub is called from">F</span></th>
<th>Exclusive<br />Time</th>
<th>Inclusive<br />Time</th>
<th>Subroutine</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c0">77</td><td class="c0"><span title="0.7%">7.30ms</span></td><td class="c0"><span title="0.8%">8.68ms</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::import</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#31">import</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">18</td><td class="c1">3</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c0"><span title="0.2%">2.52ms</span></td><td class="c0"><span title="0.2%">2.64ms</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::as_heavy</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#18">as_heavy</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c0">752</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c1"><span title="0.0%">252µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">252µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::CORE:match</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#Exporter__CORE_match">CORE:match</a> (opcode)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c0">374</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">118µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">118µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::CORE:subst</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#Exporter__CORE_subst">CORE:subst</a> (opcode)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">14</td><td class="c0">5</td><td class="c0">4</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">65µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">222µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::export</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#27">export</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">15µs</span></td><td class="c0"><span title="0.2%">2.47ms</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::export_to_level</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#81">export_to_level</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">11µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">42µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::export_ok_tags</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#89">export_ok_tags</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::__ANON__[:65]</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#65">__ANON__[:65]</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::export_fail</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#72">export_fail</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::export_tags</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#85">export_tags</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">Exporter::::require_version</span>Exporter::<a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#93">require_version</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Call graph for these subroutines as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphviz">Graphviz</a> <a href="usr-local-lib-perl5-5-10-1-Exporter-pm.dot">dot language file</a>.
<table border="1" cellpadding="0">
<thead>
<tr><th>Line</th>
<th><span title="Number of statements executed">State<br />ments</span></th>
<th><span title="Time spend executing statements on the line,
excluding time spent executing statements in any called subroutines">Time<br />on line</span></th>
<th><span title="Number of subroutines calls">Calls</span></th>
<th><span title="Time spent in subroutines called">Time<br />in subs</span></th>
<th class="left_indent_header">Code</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="1"></a>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">package Exporter;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="2"></a>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="3"></a>3</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 34µs">34µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">require 5.006;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="4"></a>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="5"></a>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"># Be lean.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="6"></a>6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">#use strict;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="7"></a>7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">#no strict 'refs';</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="8"></a>8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="9"></a>9</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 500ns">500ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">our $Debug = 0;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="10"></a>10</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 200ns">200ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">our $ExportLevel = 0;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="11"></a>11</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 500ns">500ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">our $Verbose ||= 0;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="12"></a>12</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 7µs">7µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">our $VERSION = '5.63';</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="13"></a>13</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 500ns">500ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">our (%Cache);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="14"></a>14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="15"></a>15</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"># Carp 1.05+ does this now for us, but we may be running with an old Carp</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="16"></a>16</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 2µs">2µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">$Carp::Internal{Exporter}++;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="17"></a>17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="18"></a>18</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 2.64ms (2.52+127µs) within Exporter::as_heavy which was called 18 times, avg 147µs/call:
# 14 times (123µs+34µs) by Exporter::export at <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#28">line 28</a>, avg 11µs/call
# 2 times (2.37ms+85µs) by Exporter::export_to_level at <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#82">line 82</a>, avg 1.23ms/call
# 2 times (23µs+8µs) by Exporter::export_ok_tags at <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#90">line 90</a>, avg 15µs/call</div></div>sub as_heavy {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="19"></a>19</td><td class="c3">18</td><td class="c2"><span title="Avg 6µs">105µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> require Exporter::Heavy;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="20"></a>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # Unfortunately, this does not work if the caller is aliased as *name = \&foo</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="21"></a>21</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # Thus the need to create a lot of identical subroutines</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="22"></a>22</td><td class="c3">18</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 4µs">78µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $c = (caller(1))[3];</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="23"></a>23</td><td class="c3">18</td><td class="c2"><span title="Avg 6µs">109µs</span></td><td class="c3">18</td><td class="c3">56µs</td><td class="s"> $c =~ s/.*:://;<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 56µs making 18 calls to <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#Exporter__CORE_subst">Exporter::CORE:subst</a>, avg 3µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="24"></a>24</td><td class="c3">18</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 4µs">80µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> \&{"Exporter::Heavy::heavy_$c"};</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="25"></a>25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="26"></a>26</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="27"></a>27</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 222µs (65+157) within Exporter::export which was called 14 times, avg 16µs/call:
# 8 times (34µs+86µs) by Exporter::import at <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#63">line 63</a>, avg 15µs/call
# 2 times (11µs+27µs) by IO::Socket::import at <a href="IO-Socket-pm-line.html#36">line 36 of IO/Socket.pm</a>, avg 19µs/call
# 2 times (10µs+20µs) by Exporter::Heavy::heavy_export_to_level at <a href="Exporter-Heavy-pm-line.html#217">line 217 of Exporter/Heavy.pm</a>, avg 15µs/call
# once (7µs+16µs) by FileHandle::import at <a href="FileHandle-pm-line.html#73">line 73 of FileHandle.pm</a>
# once (3µs+7µs) by FileHandle::import at <a href="FileHandle-pm-line.html#81">line 81 of FileHandle.pm</a></div></div>sub export {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="28"></a>28</td><td class="c3">14</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 5µs">75µs</span></td><td class="c2">28</td><td class="c0">3.14ms</td><td class="s"> goto &{as_heavy()};<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 2.99ms making 14 calls to <a href="Exporter-Heavy-pm-line.html#42">Exporter::Heavy::heavy_export</a>, avg 213µs/call
# spent 157µs making 14 calls to <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#18">Exporter::as_heavy</a>, avg 11µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="29"></a>29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="30"></a>30</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="31"></a>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 8.68ms (7.30+1.37) within Exporter::import which was called 142 times, avg 61µs/call:
# once (744µs+34µs) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@12 at <a href="IO-Socket-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of IO/Socket.pm</a>
# once (720µs+19µs) by IO::Socket::INET::BEGIN@12 at <a href="IO-Socket-INET-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of IO/Socket/INET.pm</a>
# once (77µs+235µs) by File::GlobMapper::BEGIN@10 at <a href="File-Glob-pm-line.html#77">line 77 of File/Glob.pm</a>
# once (304µs+6µs) by IO::Uncompress::RawInflate::BEGIN@8 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-RawInflate-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of IO/Uncompress/RawInflate.pm</a>
# once (253µs+22µs) by IO::Seekable::BEGIN@104 at <a href="IO-Seekable-pm-line.html#104">line 104 of IO/Seekable.pm</a>
# once (55µs+171µs) by IO::Uncompress::Gunzip::BEGIN@16 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Gunzip-pm-line.html#16">line 16 of IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.pm</a>
# once (53µs+166µs) by IO::Compress::Zlib::Extra::BEGIN@13 at <a href="IO-Compress-Zlib-Extra-pm-line.html#13">line 13 of IO/Compress/Zlib/Extra.pm</a>
# once (70µs+114µs) by IO::Uncompress::RawInflate::BEGIN@9 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-RawInflate-pm-line.html#9">line 9 of IO/Uncompress/RawInflate.pm</a>
# once (152µs+4µs) by IO::Uncompress::Base::BEGIN@20 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Base-pm-line.html#20">line 20 of IO/Uncompress/Base.pm</a>
# once (125µs+11µs) by IO::Uncompress::Adapter::Inflate::BEGIN@8 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Adapter-Inflate-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of IO/Uncompress/Adapter/Inflate.pm</a>
# once (125µs+7µs) by Storable::BEGIN@23 at <a href="FileHandle-pm-line.html#39">line 39 of FileHandle.pm</a>
# once (126µs+5µs) by IO::Uncompress::Base::BEGIN@17 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Base-pm-line.html#17">line 17 of IO/Uncompress/Base.pm</a>
# once (124µs+4µs) by Storable::BEGIN@23 at <a href="IO-File-pm-line.html#148">line 148 of IO/File.pm</a>
# once (20µs+104µs) by IO::Uncompress::Adapter::Inflate::BEGIN@7 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Adapter-Inflate-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of IO/Uncompress/Adapter/Inflate.pm</a>
# once (17µs+106µs) by IO::Uncompress::Gunzip::BEGIN@50 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Gunzip-pm-line.html#50">line 50 of IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.pm</a>
# once (16µs+99µs) by IO::Uncompress::Gunzip::BEGIN@15 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Gunzip-pm-line.html#15">line 15 of IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.pm</a>
# once (19µs+95µs) by Storable::BEGIN@44 at <a href="Storable-pm-line.html#45">line 45 of Storable.pm</a>
# once (99µs+6µs) by Moose::Exporter::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Moose-Exporter-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Moose/Exporter.pm</a>
# once (91µs+6µs) by Class::MOP::BEGIN@13 at <a href="Class-MOP-pm-line.html#13">line 13 of Class/MOP.pm</a>
# once (91µs+5µs) by SimpleDB::Client::BEGIN@47 at <a href="lib-SimpleDB-Client-pm-line.html#47">line 47 of ../lib/SimpleDB/Client.pm</a>
# once (75µs+3µs) by Class::MOP::Method::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Method.pm</a>
# once (68µs+3µs) by Sub::Install::BEGIN@6 at <a href="Sub-Install-pm-line.html#6">line 6 of Sub/Install.pm</a>
# once (64µs+3µs) by Class::MOP::Mixin::AttributeCore::BEGIN@10 at <a href="Class-MOP-Mixin-AttributeCore-pm-line.html#10">line 10 of Class/MOP/Mixin/AttributeCore.pm</a>
# once (63µs+3µs) by Class::MOP::Method::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Class/MOP/Method.pm</a>
# once (59µs+4µs) by Class::MOP::Class::BEGIN@16 at <a href="Class-MOP-Class-pm-line.html#16">line 16 of Class/MOP/Class.pm</a>
# once (60µs+3µs) by Moose::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Moose-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Moose.pm</a>
# once (57µs+4µs) by Class::MOP::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Class-MOP-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Class/MOP.pm</a>
# once (55µs+2µs) by Moose::Meta::Role::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/Role.pm</a>
# once (52µs+1µs) by Time::Local::BEGIN@4 at <a href="Time-Local-pm-line.html#4">line 4 of Time/Local.pm</a>
# once (52µs+2µs) by Try::Tiny::BEGIN@46 at <a href="Try-Tiny-pm-line.html#46">line 46 of Try/Tiny.pm</a>
# once (51µs+2µs) by IO::File::BEGIN@130 at <a href="IO-File-pm-line.html#130">line 130 of IO/File.pm</a>
# once (49µs+2µs) by Devel::StackTrace::BEGIN@9 at <a href="Devel-StackTrace-pm-line.html#9">line 9 of Devel/StackTrace.pm</a>
# once (49µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Class-MOP-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Class/MOP.pm</a>
# once (48µs+3µs) by SimpleDB::Client::BEGIN@52 at <a href="lib-SimpleDB-Client-pm-line.html#52">line 52 of ../lib/SimpleDB/Client.pm</a>
# once (49µs+1µs) by Compress::Raw::Zlib::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Compress-Raw-Zlib-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Compress/Raw/Zlib.pm</a>
# once (47µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Mixin::HasMethods::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Class-MOP-Mixin-HasMethods-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Class/MOP/Mixin/HasMethods.pm</a>
# once (48µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Accessor::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Accessor-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Class/MOP/Method/Accessor.pm</a>
# once (46µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Constructor::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Constructor-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Method/Constructor.pm</a>
# once (46µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Inlined::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Inlined-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Method/Inlined.pm</a>
# once (43µs+1µs) by IO::Compress::Base::Common::BEGIN@8 at <a href="IO-Compress-Base-Common-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of IO/Compress/Base/Common.pm</a>
# once (43µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Accessor::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Accessor-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Method/Accessor.pm</a>
# once (43µs+2µs) by Socket::BEGIN@178 at <a href="Socket-pm-line.html#178">line 178 of Socket.pm</a>
# once (42µs+2µs) by Moose::Meta::Role::Composite::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Composite-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Role/Composite.pm</a>
# once (42µs+2µs) by Moose::Meta::Method::Constructor::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Method-Constructor-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Method/Constructor.pm</a>
# once (42µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Constructor::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Constructor-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Class/MOP/Method/Constructor.pm</a>
# once (41µs+1µs) by Exception::Class::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Exception-Class-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Exception/Class.pm</a>
# once (40µs+2µs) by URI::_idna::BEGIN@7 at <a href="URI-_idna-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of URI/_idna.pm</a>
# once (39µs+3µs) by Moose::Util::MetaRole::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Moose-Util-MetaRole-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Moose/Util/MetaRole.pm</a>
# once (39µs+1µs) by URI::_server::BEGIN@6 at <a href="URI-_server-pm-line.html#6">line 6 of URI/_server.pm</a>
# once (39µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Class::BEGIN@13 at <a href="Class-MOP-Class-pm-line.html#13">line 13 of Class/MOP/Class.pm</a>
# once (38µs+2µs) by IO::File::BEGIN@131 at <a href="IO-File-pm-line.html#131">line 131 of IO/File.pm</a>
# once (37µs+2µs) by Moose::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Moose-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Moose.pm</a>
# once (37µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Deprecated::BEGIN@6 at <a href="Class-MOP-Deprecated-pm-line.html#6">line 6 of Class/MOP/Deprecated.pm</a>
# once (37µs+2µs) by Class::MOP::Package::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Package-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Package.pm</a>
# once (38µs+0s) by SimpleDB::Client::BEGIN@48 at <a href="lib-SimpleDB-Client-pm-line.html#48">line 48 of ../lib/SimpleDB/Client.pm</a>
# once (36µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Generated::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Generated-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Method/Generated.pm</a>
# once (35µs+1µs) by File::GlobMapper::BEGIN@5 at <a href="File-GlobMapper-pm-line.html#5">line 5 of File/GlobMapper.pm</a>
# once (35µs+1µs) by IO::Compress::Base::Common::BEGIN@503 at <a href="IO-Compress-Base-Common-pm-line.html#503">line 503 of IO/Compress/Base/Common.pm</a>
# once (35µs+900ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Class::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-Class-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint/Class.pm</a>
# once (35µs+1µs) by IO::Uncompress::Base::BEGIN@21 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Base-pm-line.html#21">line 21 of IO/Uncompress/Base.pm</a>
# once (31µs+4µs) by Class::MOP::Instance::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Instance-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Instance.pm</a>
# once (34µs+2µs) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint.pm</a>
# once (34µs+1µs) by XML::Bare::BEGIN@3 at <a href="XML-Bare-pm-line.html#3">line 3 of XML/Bare.pm</a>
# once (33µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Class::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Class-MOP-Class-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Class/MOP/Class.pm</a>
# once (33µs+1µs) by IO::Seekable::BEGIN@98 at <a href="IO-Seekable-pm-line.html#98">line 98 of IO/Seekable.pm</a>
# once (33µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Module::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Module-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Module.pm</a>
# once (33µs+900ns) by Moose::Meta::Role::Attribute::BEGIN@6 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Attribute-pm-line.html#6">line 6 of Moose/Meta/Role/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (33µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Attribute::BEGIN@9 at <a href="Class-MOP-Attribute-pm-line.html#9">line 9 of Class/MOP/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (33µs+1µs) by IO::File::BEGIN@133 at <a href="IO-File-pm-line.html#133">line 133 of IO/File.pm</a>
# once (33µs+800ns) by IO::Uncompress::Base::BEGIN@24 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Base-pm-line.html#24">line 24 of IO/Uncompress/Base.pm</a>
# once (32µs+1µs) by Moose::Meta::Class::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Class-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Moose/Meta/Class.pm</a>
# once (32µs+1µs) by SelectSaver::BEGIN@38 at <a href="SelectSaver-pm-line.html#38">line 38 of SelectSaver.pm</a>
# once (31µs+1µs) by Carp::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Carp-Heavy-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Carp/Heavy.pm</a>
# once (31µs+1µs) by SelectSaver::BEGIN@39 at <a href="SelectSaver-pm-line.html#39">line 39 of SelectSaver.pm</a>
# once (31µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Inlined::BEGIN@6 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Inlined-pm-line.html#6">line 6 of Class/MOP/Method/Inlined.pm</a>
# once (31µs+800ns) by Class::MOP::Module::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Class-MOP-Module-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Class/MOP/Module.pm</a>
# once (30µs+1µs) by Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::OptimizedConstraints::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Util-TypeConstraints-OptimizedConstraints-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Util/TypeConstraints/OptimizedConstraints.pm</a>
# once (30µs+1µs) by IO::Compress::Base::Common::BEGIN@7 at <a href="IO-Compress-Base-Common-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of IO/Compress/Base/Common.pm</a>
# once (30µs+1µs) by IO::Socket::UNIX::BEGIN@12 at <a href="IO-Socket-UNIX-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of IO/Socket/UNIX.pm</a>
# once (30µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Mixin::HasAttributes::BEGIN@10 at <a href="Class-MOP-Mixin-HasAttributes-pm-line.html#10">line 10 of Class/MOP/Mixin/HasAttributes.pm</a>
# once (29µs+2µs) by Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToClass::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Application-ToClass-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/Role/Application/ToClass.pm</a>
# once (30µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Class::Immutable::Trait::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Class-MOP-Class-Immutable-Trait-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Class/MOP/Class/Immutable/Trait.pm</a>
# once (29µs+1µs) by IO::Handle::BEGIN@263 at <a href="IO-Handle-pm-line.html#263">line 263 of IO/Handle.pm</a>
# once (29µs+1µs) by Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::BEGIN@5 at <a href="Moose-Util-TypeConstraints-pm-line.html#5">line 5 of Moose/Util/TypeConstraints.pm</a>
# once (29µs+1µs) by IO::Handle::BEGIN@264 at <a href="IO-Handle-pm-line.html#264">line 264 of IO/Handle.pm</a>
# once (29µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Wrapped-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm</a>
# once (29µs+700ns) by Class::MOP::Mixin::HasMethods::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Class-MOP-Mixin-HasMethods-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Class/MOP/Mixin/HasMethods.pm</a>
# once (29µs+1µs) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@13 at <a href="IO-Socket-pm-line.html#13">line 13 of IO/Socket.pm</a>
# once (28µs+1µs) by IO::BEGIN@6 at <a href="IO-pm-line.html#6">line 6 of IO.pm</a>
# once (29µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::Role::Attribute::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Attribute-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/Role/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (29µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::Attribute::BEGIN@9 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Attribute-pm-line.html#9">line 9 of Moose/Meta/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (28µs+1µs) by metaclass::BEGIN@7 at <a href="metaclass-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of metaclass.pm</a>
# once (28µs+1µs) by URI::_query::BEGIN@5 at <a href="URI-_query-pm-line.html#5">line 5 of URI/_query.pm</a>
# once (28µs+1µs) by IO::Socket::INET::BEGIN@13 at <a href="IO-Socket-INET-pm-line.html#13">line 13 of IO/Socket/INET.pm</a>
# once (29µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@11 at <a href="IO-Socket-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of IO/Socket.pm</a>
# once (28µs+700ns) by Class::MOP::Class::BEGIN@14 at <a href="Class-MOP-Class-pm-line.html#14">line 14 of Class/MOP/Class.pm</a>
# once (28µs+1µs) by Moose::Meta::Method::Delegation::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Method-Delegation-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/Method/Delegation.pm</a>
# once (28µs+900ns) by Class::MOP::Attribute::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Class-MOP-Attribute-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Class/MOP/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (27µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Mixin::BEGIN@10 at <a href="Class-MOP-Mixin-pm-line.html#10">line 10 of Class/MOP/Mixin.pm</a>
# once (27µs+1µs) by Moose::Meta::Attribute::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Attribute-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (27µs+1µs) by Moose::Meta::Method::Destructor::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Method-Destructor-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/Method/Destructor.pm</a>
# once (28µs+700ns) by Class::MOP::Package::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Class-MOP-Package-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Class/MOP/Package.pm</a>
# once (26µs+900ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Role::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-Role-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint/Role.pm</a>
# once (26µs+1000ns) by Moose::Meta::Method::Delegation::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Method-Delegation-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Method/Delegation.pm</a>
# once (26µs+1µs) by Class::MOP::Mixin::HasMethods::BEGIN@10 at <a href="Class-MOP-Mixin-HasMethods-pm-line.html#10">line 10 of Class/MOP/Mixin/HasMethods.pm</a>
# once (25µs+1µs) by Moose::Util::MetaRole::BEGIN@5 at <a href="Moose-Util-MetaRole-pm-line.html#5">line 5 of Moose/Util/MetaRole.pm</a>
# once (26µs+900ns) by Class::MOP::Class::Immutable::Trait::BEGIN@9 at <a href="Class-MOP-Class-Immutable-Trait-pm-line.html#9">line 9 of Class/MOP/Class/Immutable/Trait.pm</a>
# once (25µs+1µs) by Moose::Meta::Class::BEGIN@10 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Class-pm-line.html#10">line 10 of Moose/Meta/Class.pm</a>
# once (25µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::Role::BEGIN@9 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-pm-line.html#9">line 9 of Moose/Meta/Role.pm</a>
# once (25µs+800ns) by Moose::Util::TypeConstraints::BEGIN@6 at <a href="Moose-Util-TypeConstraints-pm-line.html#6">line 6 of Moose/Util/TypeConstraints.pm</a>
# once (25µs+900ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Registry::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-Registry-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint/Registry.pm</a>
# once (25µs+1µs) by IO::Uncompress::Gunzip::BEGIN@14 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Gunzip-pm-line.html#14">line 14 of IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.pm</a>
# once (24µs+900ns) by Moose::Exporter::BEGIN@15 at <a href="Moose-Exporter-pm-line.html#15">line 15 of Moose/Exporter.pm</a>
# once (24µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::Class::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Class-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Moose/Meta/Class.pm</a>
# once (24µs+900ns) by Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToRole::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Application-ToRole-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Role/Application/ToRole.pm</a>
# once (24µs+900ns) by Class::MOP::Attribute::BEGIN@10 at <a href="Class-MOP-Attribute-pm-line.html#10">line 10 of Class/MOP/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (24µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::Role::Application::RoleSummation::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Application-RoleSummation-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Role/Application/RoleSummation.pm</a>
# once (24µs+700ns) by Class::MOP::Deprecated::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Deprecated-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Deprecated.pm</a>
# once (24µs+700ns) by Moose::Meta::Role::Attribute::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Attribute-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Role/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (24µs+700ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::BEGIN@12 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint.pm</a>
# once (23µs+900ns) by Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToInstance::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Role-Application-ToInstance-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/Role/Application/ToInstance.pm</a>
# once (24µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeCoercion::Union::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeCoercion-Union-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/TypeCoercion/Union.pm</a>
# once (23µs+1000ns) by Moose::Util::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Util-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Util.pm</a>
# once (23µs+900ns) by Class::MOP::Object::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Class-MOP-Object-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Class/MOP/Object.pm</a>
# once (23µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::DuckType::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-DuckType-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint/DuckType.pm</a>
# once (23µs+1µs) by URI::_generic::BEGIN@7 at <a href="URI-_generic-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of URI/_generic.pm</a>
# once (23µs+800ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::Parameterized::BEGIN@7 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-Parameterized-pm-line.html#7">line 7 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint/Parameterized.pm</a>
# once (23µs+600ns) by Moose::Meta::Attribute::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-Attribute-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/Attribute.pm</a>
# once (23µs+600ns) by IO::Uncompress::Base::BEGIN@22 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Base-pm-line.html#22">line 22 of IO/Uncompress/Base.pm</a>
# once (22µs+700ns) by metaclass::BEGIN@8 at <a href="metaclass-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of metaclass.pm</a>
# once (22µs+700ns) by Class::MOP::Mixin::HasAttributes::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Class-MOP-Mixin-HasAttributes-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Class/MOP/Mixin/HasAttributes.pm</a>
# once (22µs+700ns) by Moose::Util::MetaRole::BEGIN@11 at <a href="Moose-Util-MetaRole-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of Moose/Util/MetaRole.pm</a>
# once (22µs+600ns) by URI::_idna::BEGIN@8 at <a href="URI-_idna-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of URI/_idna.pm</a>
# once (22µs+0s) by IO::Uncompress::Gunzip::BEGIN@12 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Gunzip-pm-line.html#12">line 12 of IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.pm</a>
# once (21µs+700ns) by Moose::Meta::TypeConstraint::DuckType::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Moose-Meta-TypeConstraint-DuckType-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Moose/Meta/TypeConstraint/DuckType.pm</a>
# once (21µs+600ns) by IO::Uncompress::Base::BEGIN@23 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Base-pm-line.html#23">line 23 of IO/Uncompress/Base.pm</a>
# once (22µs+0s) by IO::Uncompress::RawInflate::BEGIN@11 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-RawInflate-pm-line.html#11">line 11 of IO/Uncompress/RawInflate.pm</a>
# once (20µs+600ns) by Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped::BEGIN@8 at <a href="Class-MOP-Method-Wrapped-pm-line.html#8">line 8 of Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm</a>
# once (16µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@16 at <a href="IO-Socket-pm-line.html#16">line 16 of IO/Socket.pm</a>
# once (13µs+0s) by IO::Socket::BEGIN@17 at <a href="IO-Socket-pm-line.html#17">line 17 of IO/Socket.pm</a>
# once (12µs+0s) by IO::Socket::INET::BEGIN@14 at <a href="IO-Socket-INET-pm-line.html#14">line 14 of IO/Socket/INET.pm</a>
# once (11µs+0s) by IO::Socket::INET::BEGIN@15 at <a href="IO-Socket-INET-pm-line.html#15">line 15 of IO/Socket/INET.pm</a></div></div>sub import {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="32"></a>32</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 598ns">85µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $pkg = shift;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="33"></a>33</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 654ns">93µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $callpkg = caller($ExportLevel);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="34"></a>34</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="35"></a>35</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 422ns">60µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> if ($pkg eq "Exporter" and @_ and $_[0] eq "import") {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="36"></a>36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> *{$callpkg."::import"} = \&import;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="37"></a>37</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> return;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="38"></a>38</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="39"></a>39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="40"></a>40</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # We *need* to treat @{"$pkg\::EXPORT_FAIL"} since Carp uses it :-(</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="41"></a>41</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 3µs">449µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my($exports, $fail) = (\@{"$pkg\::EXPORT"}, \@{"$pkg\::EXPORT_FAIL"});</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="42"></a>42</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c2"><span title="Avg 739ns">105µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> return export $pkg, $callpkg, @_</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="43"></a>43</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> if $Verbose or $Debug or @$fail > 1;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="44"></a>44</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c2"><span title="Avg 787ns">112µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $export_cache = ($Cache{$pkg} ||= {});</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="45"></a>45</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 2µs">321µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $args = @_ or @_ = @$exports;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="46"></a>46</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="47"></a>47</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 192ns">27µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> local $_;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="48"></a>48</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c1"><span title="Avg 970ns">138µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> if ($args and not %$export_cache) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="49"></a>49</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> s/^&//, $export_cache->{$_} = 1</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="50"></a>50</td><td class="c3">26</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 25µs">655µs</span></td><td class="c0">356</td><td class="c3">62µs</td><td class="s"> foreach (@$exports, @{"$pkg\::EXPORT_OK"});<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 62µs making 356 calls to <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#Exporter__CORE_subst">Exporter::CORE:subst</a>, avg 174ns/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="51"></a>51</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="52"></a>52</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 119ns">17µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $heavy;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="53"></a>53</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # Try very hard not to use {} and hence have to enter scope on the foreach</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="54"></a>54</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # We bomb out of the loop with last as soon as heavy is set.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="55"></a>55</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 472ns">67µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> if ($args or $fail) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="56"></a>56</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> ($heavy = (/\W/ or $args and not exists $export_cache->{$_}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="57"></a>57</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> or @$fail and $_ eq $fail->[0])) and last</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="58"></a>58</td><td class="c0">284</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 6µs">1.79ms</span></td><td class="c0">752</td><td class="c0">252µs</td><td class="s"> foreach (@_);<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 252µs making 752 calls to <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#Exporter__CORE_match">Exporter::CORE:match</a>, avg 335ns/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="59"></a>59</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> } else {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="60"></a>60</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> ($heavy = /\W/) and last</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="61"></a>61</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> foreach (@_);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="62"></a>62</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="63"></a>63</td><td class="c0">142</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 461ns">65µs</span></td><td class="c3">8</td><td class="c3">121µs</td><td class="s"> return export $pkg, $callpkg, ($args ? @_ : ()) if $heavy;<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 121µs making 8 calls to <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#27">Exporter::export</a>, avg 15µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="64"></a>64</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> local $SIG{__WARN__} = </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="65"></a>65</td><td class="c0">134</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 5µs">619µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> sub {require Carp; &Carp::carp};</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="66"></a>66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # shortcut for the common case of no type character</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="67"></a>67</td><td class="c0">268</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 11µs">2.96ms</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> *{"$callpkg\::$_"} = \&{"$pkg\::$_"} foreach @_;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="68"></a>68</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="69"></a>69</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="70"></a>70</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"># Default methods</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="71"></a>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="72"></a>72</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub export_fail {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="73"></a>73</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $self = shift;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="74"></a>74</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @_;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="75"></a>75</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="76"></a>76</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="77"></a>77</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"># Unfortunately, caller(1)[3] "does not work" if the caller is aliased as</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="78"></a>78</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"># *name = \&foo. Thus the need to create a lot of identical subroutines</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="79"></a>79</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"># Otherwise we could have aliased them to export().</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="80"></a>80</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="81"></a>81</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 2.47ms (15µs+2.45) within Exporter::export_to_level which was called 2 times, avg 1.24ms/call:
# once (9µs+2.44ms) by Test::Builder::Module::import at <a href="Test-Builder-Module-pm-line.html#93">line 93 of Test/Builder/Module.pm</a>
# once (6µs+16µs) by Time::HiRes::import at <a href="Time-HiRes-pm-line.html#62">line 62 of Time/HiRes.pm</a></div></div>sub export_to_level {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="82"></a>82</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 12µs">23µs</span></td><td class="c3">4</td><td class="c0">2.91ms</td><td class="s"> goto &{as_heavy()};<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 2.45ms making 2 calls to <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#18">Exporter::as_heavy</a>, avg 1.23ms/call
# spent 456µs making 2 calls to <a href="Exporter-Heavy-pm-line.html#212">Exporter::Heavy::heavy_export_to_level</a>, avg 228µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="83"></a>83</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="84"></a>84</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="85"></a>85</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub export_tags {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="86"></a>86</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> goto &{as_heavy()};</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="87"></a>87</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="88"></a>88</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="89"></a>89</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 42µs (11+30) within Exporter::export_ok_tags which was called 2 times, avg 21µs/call:
# once (7µs+18µs) by IO::Uncompress::Gunzip::BEGIN@12 at <a href="IO-Uncompress-RawInflate-pm-line.html#25">line 25 of IO/Uncompress/RawInflate.pm</a>
# once (4µs+12µs) by Net::HTTP::Methods::gunzip_ok at <a href="IO-Uncompress-Gunzip-pm-line.html#27">line 27 of IO/Uncompress/Gunzip.pm</a></div></div>sub export_ok_tags {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="90"></a>90</td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 6µs">12µs</span></td><td class="c3">4</td><td class="c3">62µs</td><td class="s"> goto &{as_heavy()};<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 32µs making 2 calls to <a href="Exporter-Heavy-pm-line.html#247">Exporter::Heavy::heavy_export_ok_tags</a>, avg 16µs/call
# spent 30µs making 2 calls to <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#18">Exporter::as_heavy</a>, avg 15µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="91"></a>91</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="92"></a>92</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="93"></a>93</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub require_version {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="94"></a>94</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> goto &{as_heavy()};</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="95"></a>95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="96"></a>96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="97"></a>97</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 15µs">15µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">1;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="98"></a>98</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">__END__</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="99"></a>99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="100"></a>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 NAME</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="101"></a>101</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="102"></a>102</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Exporter - Implements default import method for modules</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="103"></a>103</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="104"></a>104</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 SYNOPSIS</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="105"></a>105</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="106"></a>106</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">In module F<YourModule.pm>:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="107"></a>107</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="108"></a>108</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> package YourModule;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="109"></a>109</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> require Exporter;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="110"></a>110</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @ISA = qw(Exporter);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="111"></a>111</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw(munge frobnicate); # symbols to export on request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="112"></a>112</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="113"></a>113</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="114"></a>114</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="115"></a>115</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> package YourModule;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="116"></a>116</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use Exporter 'import'; # gives you Exporter's import() method directly</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="117"></a>117</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw(munge frobnicate); # symbols to export on request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="118"></a>118</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="119"></a>119</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">In other files which wish to use C<YourModule>:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="120"></a>120</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="121"></a>121</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use YourModule qw(frobnicate); # import listed symbols</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="122"></a>122</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> frobnicate ($left, $right) # calls YourModule::frobnicate</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="123"></a>123</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="124"></a>124</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Take a look at L</Good Practices> for some variants</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="125"></a>125</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">you will like to use in modern Perl code.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="126"></a>126</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="127"></a>127</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 DESCRIPTION</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="128"></a>128</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="129"></a>129</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The Exporter module implements an C<import> method which allows a module</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="130"></a>130</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to export functions and variables to its users' namespaces. Many modules</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="131"></a>131</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">use Exporter rather than implementing their own C<import> method because</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="132"></a>132</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Exporter provides a highly flexible interface, with an implementation optimised</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="133"></a>133</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">for the common case.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="134"></a>134</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="135"></a>135</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Perl automatically calls the C<import> method when processing a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="136"></a>136</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C<use> statement for a module. Modules and C<use> are documented</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="137"></a>137</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">in L<perlfunc> and L<perlmod>. Understanding the concept of</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="138"></a>138</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">modules and how the C<use> statement operates is important to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="139"></a>139</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">understanding the Exporter.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="140"></a>140</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="141"></a>141</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 How to Export</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="142"></a>142</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="143"></a>143</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The arrays C<@EXPORT> and C<@EXPORT_OK> in a module hold lists of</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="144"></a>144</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">symbols that are going to be exported into the users name space by</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="145"></a>145</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">default, or which they can request to be exported, respectively. The</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="146"></a>146</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">symbols can represent functions, scalars, arrays, hashes, or typeglobs.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="147"></a>147</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The symbols must be given by full name with the exception that the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="148"></a>148</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">ampersand in front of a function is optional, e.g.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="149"></a>149</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="150"></a>150</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT = qw(afunc $scalar @array); # afunc is a function</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="151"></a>151</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw(&bfunc %hash *typeglob); # explicit prefix on &bfunc</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="152"></a>152</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="153"></a>153</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If you are only exporting function names it is recommended to omit the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="154"></a>154</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">ampersand, as the implementation is faster this way.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="155"></a>155</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="156"></a>156</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Selecting What To Export</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="157"></a>157</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="158"></a>158</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Do B<not> export method names!</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="159"></a>159</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="160"></a>160</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Do B<not> export anything else by default without a good reason!</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="161"></a>161</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="162"></a>162</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must export</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="163"></a>163</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">try to use C<@EXPORT_OK> in preference to C<@EXPORT> and avoid short or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="164"></a>164</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">common symbol names to reduce the risk of name clashes.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="165"></a>165</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="166"></a>166</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="167"></a>167</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">module using the C<YourModule::item_name> (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="168"></a>168</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="169"></a>169</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">informally indicate that they are 'internal' and not for public use.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="170"></a>170</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="171"></a>171</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">(It is actually possible to get private functions by saying:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="172"></a>172</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="173"></a>173</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $subref = sub { ... };</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="174"></a>174</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $subref->(@args); # Call it as a function</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="175"></a>175</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $obj->$subref(@args); # Use it as a method</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="176"></a>176</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="177"></a>177</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">However if you use them for methods it is up to you to figure out</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="178"></a>178</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">how to make inheritance work.)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="179"></a>179</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="180"></a>180</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="181"></a>181</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="182"></a>182</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C<@EXPORT_OK> anything but use C<@EXPORT> with caution. For function and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="183"></a>183</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">method names use barewords in preference to names prefixed with</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="184"></a>184</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">ampersands for the export lists.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="185"></a>185</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="186"></a>186</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Other module design guidelines can be found in L<perlmod>.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="187"></a>187</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="188"></a>188</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 How to Import</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="189"></a>189</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="190"></a>190</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">In other files which wish to use your module there are three basic ways for</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="191"></a>191</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">them to load your module and import its symbols:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="192"></a>192</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="193"></a>193</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 4</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="194"></a>194</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="195"></a>195</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item C<use YourModule;></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="196"></a>196</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="197"></a>197</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This imports all the symbols from YourModule's C<@EXPORT> into the namespace</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="198"></a>198</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">of the C<use> statement.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="199"></a>199</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="200"></a>200</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item C<use YourModule ();></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="201"></a>201</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="202"></a>202</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This causes perl to load your module but does not import any symbols.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="203"></a>203</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="204"></a>204</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item C<use YourModule qw(...);></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="205"></a>205</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="206"></a>206</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This imports only the symbols listed by the caller into their namespace.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="207"></a>207</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">All listed symbols must be in your C<@EXPORT> or C<@EXPORT_OK>, else an error</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="208"></a>208</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">occurs. The advanced export features of Exporter are accessed like this,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="209"></a>209</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">but with list entries that are syntactically distinct from symbol names.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="210"></a>210</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="211"></a>211</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="212"></a>212</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="213"></a>213</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Unless you want to use its advanced features, this is probably all you</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="214"></a>214</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">need to know to use Exporter.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="215"></a>215</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="216"></a>216</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 Advanced features</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="217"></a>217</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="218"></a>218</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Specialised Import Lists</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="219"></a>219</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="220"></a>220</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If any of the entries in an import list begins with !, : or / then</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="221"></a>221</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the list is treated as a series of specifications which either add to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="222"></a>222</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">or delete from the list of names to import. They are processed left to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="223"></a>223</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">right. Specifications are in the form:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="224"></a>224</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="225"></a>225</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> [!]name This name only</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="226"></a>226</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> [!]:DEFAULT All names in @EXPORT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="227"></a>227</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> [!]:tag All names in $EXPORT_TAGS{tag} anonymous list</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="228"></a>228</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> [!]/pattern/ All names in @EXPORT and @EXPORT_OK which match</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="229"></a>229</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="230"></a>230</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">A leading ! indicates that matching names should be deleted from the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="231"></a>231</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">list of names to import. If the first specification is a deletion it</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="232"></a>232</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">is treated as though preceded by :DEFAULT. If you just want to import</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="233"></a>233</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">extra names in addition to the default set you will still need to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="234"></a>234</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">include :DEFAULT explicitly.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="235"></a>235</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="236"></a>236</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">e.g., F<Module.pm> defines:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="237"></a>237</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="238"></a>238</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT = qw(A1 A2 A3 A4 A5);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="239"></a>239</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw(B1 B2 B3 B4 B5);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="240"></a>240</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> %EXPORT_TAGS = (T1 => [qw(A1 A2 B1 B2)], T2 => [qw(A1 A2 B3 B4)]);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="241"></a>241</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="242"></a>242</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Note that you cannot use tags in @EXPORT or @EXPORT_OK.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="243"></a>243</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Names in EXPORT_TAGS must also appear in @EXPORT or @EXPORT_OK.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="244"></a>244</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="245"></a>245</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">An application using Module can say something like:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="246"></a>246</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="247"></a>247</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use Module qw(:DEFAULT :T2 !B3 A3);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="248"></a>248</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="249"></a>249</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Other examples include:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="250"></a>250</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="251"></a>251</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use Socket qw(!/^[AP]F_/ !SOMAXCONN !SOL_SOCKET);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="252"></a>252</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use POSIX qw(:errno_h :termios_h !TCSADRAIN !/^EXIT/);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="253"></a>253</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="254"></a>254</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Remember that most patterns (using //) will need to be anchored</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="255"></a>255</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">with a leading ^, e.g., C</^EXIT/> rather than C</EXIT/>.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="256"></a>256</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="257"></a>257</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">You can say C<BEGIN { $Exporter::Verbose=1 }> to see how the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="258"></a>258</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">specifications are being processed and what is actually being imported</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="259"></a>259</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">into modules.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="260"></a>260</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="261"></a>261</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Exporting without using Exporter's import method</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="262"></a>262</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="263"></a>263</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Exporter has a special method, 'export_to_level' which is used in situations</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="264"></a>264</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">where you can't directly call Exporter's import method. The export_to_level</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="265"></a>265</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">method looks like:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="266"></a>266</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="267"></a>267</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> MyPackage->export_to_level($where_to_export, $package, @what_to_export);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="268"></a>268</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="269"></a>269</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">where C<$where_to_export> is an integer telling how far up the calling stack</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="270"></a>270</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to export your symbols, and C<@what_to_export> is an array telling what</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="271"></a>271</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">symbols *to* export (usually this is C<@_>). The C<$package> argument is</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="272"></a>272</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">currently unused.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="273"></a>273</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="274"></a>274</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For example, suppose that you have a module, A, which already has an</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="275"></a>275</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">import function:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="276"></a>276</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="277"></a>277</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> package A;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="278"></a>278</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="279"></a>279</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @ISA = qw(Exporter);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="280"></a>280</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw ($b);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="281"></a>281</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="282"></a>282</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> sub import</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="283"></a>283</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="284"></a>284</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $A::b = 1; # not a very useful import method</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="285"></a>285</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="286"></a>286</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="287"></a>287</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and you want to Export symbol C<$A::b> back to the module that called </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="288"></a>288</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">package A. Since Exporter relies on the import method to work, via </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="289"></a>289</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">inheritance, as it stands Exporter::import() will never get called. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="290"></a>290</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Instead, say the following:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="291"></a>291</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="292"></a>292</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> package A;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="293"></a>293</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @ISA = qw(Exporter);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="294"></a>294</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw ($b);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="295"></a>295</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="296"></a>296</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> sub import</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="297"></a>297</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="298"></a>298</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $A::b = 1;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="299"></a>299</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> A->export_to_level(1, @_);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="300"></a>300</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="301"></a>301</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="302"></a>302</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This will export the symbols one level 'above' the current package - ie: to </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="303"></a>303</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the program or module that used package A. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="304"></a>304</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="305"></a>305</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Note: Be careful not to modify C<@_> at all before you call export_to_level</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="306"></a>306</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">- or people using your package will get very unexplained results!</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="307"></a>307</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="308"></a>308</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Exporting without inheriting from Exporter</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="309"></a>309</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="310"></a>310</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">By including Exporter in your C<@ISA> you inherit an Exporter's import() method</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="311"></a>311</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">but you also inherit several other helper methods which you probably don't</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="312"></a>312</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">want. To avoid this you can do</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="313"></a>313</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="314"></a>314</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> package YourModule;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="315"></a>315</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use Exporter qw( import );</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="316"></a>316</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="317"></a>317</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">which will export Exporter's own import() method into YourModule.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="318"></a>318</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Everything will work as before but you won't need to include Exporter in</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="319"></a>319</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C<@YourModule::ISA>.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="320"></a>320</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="321"></a>321</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Note: This feature was introduced in version 5.57</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="322"></a>322</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">of Exporter, released with perl 5.8.3.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="323"></a>323</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="324"></a>324</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Module Version Checking</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="325"></a>325</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="326"></a>326</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The Exporter module will convert an attempt to import a number from a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="327"></a>327</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">module into a call to C<< $module_name->require_version($value) >>. This can</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="328"></a>328</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">be used to validate that the version of the module being used is</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="329"></a>329</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">greater than or equal to the required version.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="330"></a>330</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="331"></a>331</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The Exporter module supplies a default C<require_version> method which</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="332"></a>332</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">checks the value of C<$VERSION> in the exporting module.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="333"></a>333</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="334"></a>334</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Since the default C<require_version> method treats the C<$VERSION> number as</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="335"></a>335</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">a simple numeric value it will regard version 1.10 as lower than</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="336"></a>336</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">1.9. For this reason it is strongly recommended that you use numbers</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="337"></a>337</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">with at least two decimal places, e.g., 1.09.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="338"></a>338</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="339"></a>339</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Managing Unknown Symbols</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="340"></a>340</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="341"></a>341</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">In some situations you may want to prevent certain symbols from being</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="342"></a>342</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">exported. Typically this applies to extensions which have functions</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="343"></a>343</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">or constants that may not exist on some systems.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="344"></a>344</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="345"></a>345</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The names of any symbols that cannot be exported should be listed</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="346"></a>346</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">in the C<@EXPORT_FAIL> array.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="347"></a>347</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="348"></a>348</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If a module attempts to import any of these symbols the Exporter</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="349"></a>349</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">will give the module an opportunity to handle the situation before</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="350"></a>350</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">generating an error. The Exporter will call an export_fail method</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="351"></a>351</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">with a list of the failed symbols:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="352"></a>352</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="353"></a>353</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @failed_symbols = $module_name->export_fail(@failed_symbols);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="354"></a>354</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="355"></a>355</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If the C<export_fail> method returns an empty list then no error is</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="356"></a>356</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">recorded and all the requested symbols are exported. If the returned</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="357"></a>357</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">list is not empty then an error is generated for each symbol and the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="358"></a>358</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">export fails. The Exporter provides a default C<export_fail> method which</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="359"></a>359</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">simply returns the list unchanged.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="360"></a>360</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="361"></a>361</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Uses for the C<export_fail> method include giving better error messages</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="362"></a>362</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">for some symbols and performing lazy architectural checks (put more</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="363"></a>363</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">symbols into C<@EXPORT_FAIL> by default and then take them out if someone</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="364"></a>364</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">actually tries to use them and an expensive check shows that they are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="365"></a>365</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">usable on that platform).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="366"></a>366</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="367"></a>367</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Tag Handling Utility Functions</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="368"></a>368</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="369"></a>369</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Since the symbols listed within C<%EXPORT_TAGS> must also appear in either</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="370"></a>370</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C<@EXPORT> or C<@EXPORT_OK>, two utility functions are provided which allow</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="371"></a>371</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">you to easily add tagged sets of symbols to C<@EXPORT> or C<@EXPORT_OK>:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="372"></a>372</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="373"></a>373</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> %EXPORT_TAGS = (foo => [qw(aa bb cc)], bar => [qw(aa cc dd)]);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="374"></a>374</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="375"></a>375</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Exporter::export_tags('foo'); # add aa, bb and cc to @EXPORT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="376"></a>376</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Exporter::export_ok_tags('bar'); # add aa, cc and dd to @EXPORT_OK</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="377"></a>377</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="378"></a>378</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Any names which are not tags are added to C<@EXPORT> or C<@EXPORT_OK></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="379"></a>379</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">unchanged but will trigger a warning (with C<-w>) to avoid misspelt tags</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="380"></a>380</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">names being silently added to C<@EXPORT> or C<@EXPORT_OK>. Future versions</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="381"></a>381</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">may make this a fatal error.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="382"></a>382</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="383"></a>383</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Generating combined tags</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="384"></a>384</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="385"></a>385</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If several symbol categories exist in C<%EXPORT_TAGS>, it's usually</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="386"></a>386</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">useful to create the utility ":all" to simplify "use" statements.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="387"></a>387</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="388"></a>388</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The simplest way to do this is:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="389"></a>389</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="390"></a>390</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> %EXPORT_TAGS = (foo => [qw(aa bb cc)], bar => [qw(aa cc dd)]);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="391"></a>391</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="392"></a>392</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # add all the other ":class" tags to the ":all" class,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="393"></a>393</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # deleting duplicates</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="394"></a>394</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="395"></a>395</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my %seen;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="396"></a>396</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="397"></a>397</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> push @{$EXPORT_TAGS{all}},</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="398"></a>398</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> grep {!$seen{$_}++} @{$EXPORT_TAGS{$_}} foreach keys %EXPORT_TAGS;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="399"></a>399</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="400"></a>400</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="401"></a>401</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">F<CGI.pm> creates an ":all" tag which contains some (but not really</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="402"></a>402</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">all) of its categories. That could be done with one small</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="403"></a>403</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">change:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="404"></a>404</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="405"></a>405</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # add some of the other ":class" tags to the ":all" class,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="406"></a>406</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # deleting duplicates</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="407"></a>407</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="408"></a>408</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my %seen;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="409"></a>409</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="410"></a>410</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> push @{$EXPORT_TAGS{all}},</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="411"></a>411</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> grep {!$seen{$_}++} @{$EXPORT_TAGS{$_}}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="412"></a>412</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> foreach qw/html2 html3 netscape form cgi internal/;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="413"></a>413</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="414"></a>414</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="415"></a>415</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Note that the tag names in C<%EXPORT_TAGS> don't have the leading ':'.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="416"></a>416</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="417"></a>417</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="418"></a>418</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="419"></a>419</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Many modules make use of C<AUTOLOAD>ing for constant subroutines to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="420"></a>420</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">avoid having to compile and waste memory on rarely used values (see</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="421"></a>421</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">L<perlsub> for details on constant subroutines). Calls to such</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="422"></a>422</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">constant subroutines are not optimized away at compile time because</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="423"></a>423</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">they can't be checked at compile time for constancy.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="424"></a>424</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="425"></a>425</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Even if a prototype is available at compile time, the body of the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="426"></a>426</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">subroutine is not (it hasn't been C<AUTOLOAD>ed yet). perl needs to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="427"></a>427</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">examine both the C<()> prototype and the body of a subroutine at</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="428"></a>428</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">compile time to detect that it can safely replace calls to that</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="429"></a>429</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">subroutine with the constant value.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="430"></a>430</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="431"></a>431</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">A workaround for this is to call the constants once in a C<BEGIN> block:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="432"></a>432</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="433"></a>433</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> package My ;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="434"></a>434</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="435"></a>435</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use Socket ;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="436"></a>436</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="437"></a>437</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> foo( SO_LINGER ); ## SO_LINGER NOT optimized away; called at runtime</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="438"></a>438</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> BEGIN { SO_LINGER }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="439"></a>439</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> foo( SO_LINGER ); ## SO_LINGER optimized away at compile time.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="440"></a>440</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="441"></a>441</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This forces the C<AUTOLOAD> for C<SO_LINGER> to take place before</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="442"></a>442</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">SO_LINGER is encountered later in C<My> package.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="443"></a>443</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="444"></a>444</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If you are writing a package that C<AUTOLOAD>s, consider forcing</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="445"></a>445</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">an C<AUTOLOAD> for any constants explicitly imported by other packages</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="446"></a>446</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">or which are usually used when your package is C<use>d.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="447"></a>447</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="448"></a>448</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 Good Practices</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="449"></a>449</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="450"></a>450</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Declaring C<@EXPORT_OK> and Friends</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="451"></a>451</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="452"></a>452</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">When using C<Exporter> with the standard C<strict> and C<warnings></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="453"></a>453</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">pragmas, the C<our> keyword is needed to declare the package</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="454"></a>454</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">variables C<@EXPORT_OK>, C<@EXPORT>, C<@ISA>, etc.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="455"></a>455</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="456"></a>456</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> our @ISA = qw(Exporter);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="457"></a>457</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> our @EXPORT_OK = qw(munge frobnicate);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="458"></a>458</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="459"></a>459</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If backward compatibility for Perls under 5.6 is important,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="460"></a>460</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">one must write instead a C<use vars> statement.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="461"></a>461</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="462"></a>462</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT_OK);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="463"></a>463</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @ISA = qw(Exporter);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="464"></a>464</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw(munge frobnicate);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="465"></a>465</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="466"></a>466</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Playing Safe</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="467"></a>467</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="468"></a>468</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">There are some caveats with the use of runtime statements</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="469"></a>469</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">like C<require Exporter> and the assignment to package</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="470"></a>470</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">variables, which can very subtle for the unaware programmer.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="471"></a>471</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This may happen for instance with mutually recursive</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="472"></a>472</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">modules, which are affected by the time the relevant</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="473"></a>473</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">constructions are executed.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="474"></a>474</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="475"></a>475</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The ideal (but a bit ugly) way to never have to think</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="476"></a>476</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">about that is to use C<BEGIN> blocks. So the first part</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="477"></a>477</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">of the L</SYNOPSIS> code could be rewritten as:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="478"></a>478</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="479"></a>479</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> package YourModule;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="480"></a>480</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="481"></a>481</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use strict;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="482"></a>482</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use warnings;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="483"></a>483</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="484"></a>484</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> our (@ISA, @EXPORT_OK);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="485"></a>485</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> BEGIN {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="486"></a>486</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> require Exporter;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="487"></a>487</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @ISA = qw(Exporter);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="488"></a>488</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw(munge frobnicate); # symbols to export on request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="489"></a>489</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="490"></a>490</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="491"></a>491</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The C<BEGIN> will assure that the loading of F<Exporter.pm></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="492"></a>492</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and the assignments to C<@ISA> and C<@EXPORT_OK> happen</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="493"></a>493</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">immediately, leaving no room for something to get awry</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="494"></a>494</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">or just plain wrong.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="495"></a>495</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="496"></a>496</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">With respect to loading C<Exporter> and inheriting, there</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="497"></a>497</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">are alternatives with the use of modules like C<base> and C<parent>.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="498"></a>498</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="499"></a>499</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use base qw( Exporter );</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="500"></a>500</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="501"></a>501</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use parent qw( Exporter );</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="502"></a>502</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="503"></a>503</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Any of these statements are nice replacements for</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="504"></a>504</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C<BEGIN { require Exporter; @ISA = qw(Exporter); }></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="505"></a>505</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">with the same compile-time effect. The basic difference</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="506"></a>506</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">is that C<base> code interacts with declared C<fields></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="507"></a>507</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">while C<parent> is a streamlined version of the older</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="508"></a>508</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C<base> code to just establish the IS-A relationship.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="509"></a>509</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="510"></a>510</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For more details, see the documentation and code of</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="511"></a>511</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">L<base> and L<parent>.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="512"></a>512</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="513"></a>513</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Another thorough remedy to that runtime vs. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="514"></a>514</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">compile-time trap is to use L<Exporter::Easy>,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="515"></a>515</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">which is a wrapper of Exporter that allows all</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="516"></a>516</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">boilerplate code at a single gulp in the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="517"></a>517</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">use statement.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="518"></a>518</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="519"></a>519</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use Exporter::Easy (</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="520"></a>520</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> OK => [ qw(munge frobnicate) ],</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="521"></a>521</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> );</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="522"></a>522</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # @ISA setup is automatic</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="523"></a>523</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # all assignments happen at compile time</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="524"></a>524</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="525"></a>525</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 What not to Export</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="526"></a>526</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="527"></a>527</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">You have been warned already in L</Selecting What To Export></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="528"></a>528</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to not export:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="529"></a>529</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="530"></a>530</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 4</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="531"></a>531</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="532"></a>532</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="533"></a>533</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="534"></a>534</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">method names (because you don't need to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="535"></a>535</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and that's likely to not do what you want),</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="536"></a>536</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="537"></a>537</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="538"></a>538</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="539"></a>539</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">anything by default (because you don't want to surprise your users...</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="540"></a>540</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">badly)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="541"></a>541</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="542"></a>542</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="543"></a>543</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="544"></a>544</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">anything you don't need to (because less is more)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="545"></a>545</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="546"></a>546</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="547"></a>547</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="548"></a>548</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">There's one more item to add to this list. Do B<not></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="549"></a>549</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">export variable names. Just because C<Exporter> lets you</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="550"></a>550</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">do that, it does not mean you should.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="551"></a>551</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="552"></a>552</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> @EXPORT_OK = qw( $svar @avar %hvar ); # DON'T!</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="553"></a>553</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="554"></a>554</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Exporting variables is not a good idea. They can</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="555"></a>555</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">change under the hood, provoking horrible</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="556"></a>556</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">effects at-a-distance, that are too hard to track</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="557"></a>557</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and to fix. Trust me: they are not worth it.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="558"></a>558</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="559"></a>559</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">To provide the capability to set/get class-wide</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="560"></a>560</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">settings, it is best instead to provide accessors</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="561"></a>561</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">as subroutines or class methods instead.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="562"></a>562</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="563"></a>563</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 SEE ALSO</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="564"></a>564</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="565"></a>565</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C<Exporter> is definitely not the only module with</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="566"></a>566</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">symbol exporter capabilities. At CPAN, you may find</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="567"></a>567</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">a bunch of them. Some are lighter. Some</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="568"></a>568</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">provide improved APIs and features. Peek the one</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="569"></a>569</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">that fits your needs. The following is</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="570"></a>570</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">a sample list of such modules.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="571"></a>571</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="572"></a>572</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Exporter::Easy</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="573"></a>573</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Exporter::Lite</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="574"></a>574</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Exporter::Renaming</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="575"></a>575</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Exporter::Tidy</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="576"></a>576</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Sub::Exporter / Sub::Installer</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="577"></a>577</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Perl6::Export / Perl6::Export::Attrs</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="578"></a>578</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="579"></a>579</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 LICENSE</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="580"></a>580</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="581"></a>581</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This library is free software. You can redistribute it</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="582"></a>582</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="583"></a>583</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="584"></a>584</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=cut</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="585"></a>585</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="586"></a>586</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="587"></a>587</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="Exporter__CORE_match"></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 252µs within Exporter::CORE:match which was called 752 times, avg 335ns/call:
# 752 times (252µs+0s) by Exporter::import at <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#58">line 58 of Exporter.pm</a>, avg 335ns/call</div></div>sub Exporter::CORE:match; # xsub<br /> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="Exporter__CORE_subst"></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 118µs within Exporter::CORE:subst which was called 374 times, avg 315ns/call:
# 356 times (62µs+0s) by Exporter::import at <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#50">line 50 of Exporter.pm</a>, avg 174ns/call
# 18 times (56µs+0s) by Exporter::as_heavy at <a href="Exporter-pm-line.html#23">line 23 of Exporter.pm</a>, avg 3µs/call</div></div>sub Exporter::CORE:subst; # xsub<br /> </td></tr>
</tbody></table></div>
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<div class="footer">Report produced by the
<a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Devel-NYTProf/">NYTProf 3.11</a>
Perl profiler, developed by
<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/timbunce">Tim Bunce</a> and
<a href="http://code.nytimes.com">Adam Kaplan</a>.
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