The Perl Toolchain Summit needs more sponsors. If your company depends on Perl, please support this very important event.
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<!--
This file was generated by Devel::NYTProf version 3.11
-->
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us" />
    <title>Profile of /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.1/LWP.pm</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-min.js"></script> 

    <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-tablesorter-min.js"></script> 
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/style-tablesorter.css" />
    <script type="text/javascript">
    // when a column is first clicked on to sort it, use descending order
    // XXX doesn't seem to work (and not just because the tablesorter formatSortingOrder() is broken)
    $.tablesorter.defaults.sortInitialOrder = "desc";
    // add parser through the tablesorter addParser method 
    $.tablesorter.addParser({
        id: 'fmt_time',   // name of this parser
        is: function(s) { 
            return false; // return false so this parser is not auto detected 
        }, 
        format: function(orig) { // format data for normalization 
            // console.log(orig);
            val = orig.replace(/ns/,'');
            if (val != orig) { return val / (1000*1000*1000); } 
            val = orig.replace(/µs/,''); /* XXX use &micro; ? */
            if (val != orig) { return val / (1000*1000); } 
            var val = orig.replace(/ms/,'');
            if (val != orig) { return val / (1000); }
            var val = orig.replace(/s/,'');
            if (val != orig) { return val; }
            if (orig == '0') { return orig; } 
            console.log('no match for fmt_time of '.concat(orig));
            return orig;
        },
        type: 'numeric' // set type, either numeric or text 
    }); 
    </script> 
</head>
<body > 
<div class="header" style="position: relative; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; z-index: 0; ">
<div class="header_back">
            <a href="index.html">&larr; Index</a>
        </div>
<div class="headerForeground" style="float: left">
    <span class="siteTitle">NYTProf Performance Profile</span>
    <span class="siteSubtitle">&emsp;&emsp;<span>&laquo;&emsp;<span class="mode_btn"><a href="LWP-pm-block.html">block view</a></span>&emsp;&bull;&emsp;<span class="mode_btn"><a href="LWP-pm-line.html">line view</a></span>&emsp;&bull;&emsp;<span class="mode_btn mode_btn_selected">sub view</span>&emsp;&raquo;</span><br />
            For 01.HTTP.t
        </span>
</div>
<div class="headerForeground" style="float: right; text-align: right">
    <span class="siteTitle">&nbsp;</span>
    <span class="siteSubtitle">Run on Tue May  4 15:25:55 2010<br />Reported on Tue May  4 15:26:06 2010</span>
</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0%; width: 100%; height: 101%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(17, 136, 255); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 2%; width: 100%; height: 99%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(16, 134, 253); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 4%; width: 100%; height: 97%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(16, 133, 252); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 6%; width: 100%; height: 95%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(15, 131, 250); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 8%; width: 100%; height: 93%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(15, 130, 249); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 10%; width: 100%; height: 91%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(15, 129, 248); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 12%; width: 100%; height: 89%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(14, 127, 246); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 14%; width: 100%; height: 87%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(14, 126, 245); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 16%; width: 100%; height: 85%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(14, 125, 244); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 18%; width: 100%; height: 83%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(13, 123, 242); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 20%; width: 100%; height: 81%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(13, 122, 241); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 22%; width: 100%; height: 79%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(13, 121, 240); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 24%; width: 100%; height: 77%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(12, 119, 238); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 26%; width: 100%; height: 75%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(12, 118, 237); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 28%; width: 100%; height: 73%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(12, 116, 235); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 30%; width: 100%; height: 71%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(11, 115, 234); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 32%; width: 100%; height: 69%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(11, 114, 233); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 34%; width: 100%; height: 67%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(11, 112, 231); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 36%; width: 100%; height: 65%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(10, 111, 230); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 38%; width: 100%; height: 63%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(10, 110, 229); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 40%; width: 100%; height: 61%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(10, 108, 227); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 42%; width: 100%; height: 59%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(9, 107, 226); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 44%; width: 100%; height: 57%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(9, 106, 225); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 46%; width: 100%; height: 55%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(9, 104, 223); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 48%; width: 100%; height: 53%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(8, 103, 222); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 50%; width: 100%; height: 51%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(8, 102, 221); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 52%; width: 100%; height: 49%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(8, 100, 219); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 54%; width: 100%; height: 47%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(7, 99, 218); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 56%; width: 100%; height: 45%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(7, 97, 216); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 58%; width: 100%; height: 43%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(7, 96, 215); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 60%; width: 100%; height: 41%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(6, 95, 214); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 62%; width: 100%; height: 39%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(6, 93, 212); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 64%; width: 100%; height: 37%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(6, 92, 211); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 66%; width: 100%; height: 35%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(5, 91, 210); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 68%; width: 100%; height: 33%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(5, 89, 208); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 70%; width: 100%; height: 31%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(5, 88, 207); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 72%; width: 100%; height: 29%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(4, 87, 206); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 74%; width: 100%; height: 27%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(4, 85, 204); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 76%; width: 100%; height: 25%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(4, 84, 203); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 78%; width: 100%; height: 23%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(3, 82, 201); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 80%; width: 100%; height: 21%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(3, 81, 200); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 82%; width: 100%; height: 19%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(3, 80, 199); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 84%; width: 100%; height: 17%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(2, 78, 197); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 86%; width: 100%; height: 15%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(2, 77, 196); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 88%; width: 100%; height: 13%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(2, 76, 195); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 90%; width: 100%; height: 11%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(1, 74, 193); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 92%; width: 100%; height: 9%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(1, 73, 192); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 94%; width: 100%; height: 7%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(1, 72, 191); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 96%; width: 100%; height: 5%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(0, 70, 189); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 98%; width: 100%; height: 3%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(0, 69, 188); "></div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 100%; width: 100%; height: 1%; z-index: -1; background-color: rgb(0, 68, 187); "></div>
</div>

<div class="body_content">
<br />
<table>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">File</td>
<td align="left">/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.1/LWP.pm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">Statements Executed</td>
<td align="left">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">Statement Execution Time</td>
<td align="left">40&micro;s</td>
</tr>
</table>

        
        <table id="subs_table" border="1" cellpadding="0" class="tablesorter">
        <caption>Subroutines &mdash; ordered by exclusive time</caption>
        <thead>
        <tr>
        <th>Calls</th>
        <th><span title="Number of Places sub is called from">P</span></th>
        <th><span title="Number of Files sub is called from">F</span></th>
        <th>Exclusive<br />Time</th>
        <th>Inclusive<br />Time</th>
        <th>Subroutine</th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
    <tbody>
<tr><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">LWP::::Version</span>LWP::<a href="LWP-pm-sub.html#4">Version</a></span></td></tr>

        </tbody>
        </table>
    
        Call graph for these subroutines as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphviz">Graphviz</a> <a href="usr-local-lib-perl5-site_perl-5-10-1-LWP-pm.dot">dot language file</a>.
      <table border="1" cellpadding="0">
      <thead>
      <tr><th>Line</th>
      <th><span title="Number of statements executed">State<br />ments</span></th>
      <th><span title="Time spend executing statements on the line,
        excluding time spent executing statements in any called subroutines">Time<br />on line</span></th>
      <th><span title="Number of subroutines calls">Calls</span></th>
      <th><span title="Time spent in subroutines called">Time<br />in subs</span></th>
      <th class="left_indent_header">Code</th>
      </tr>

      </thead>
      <tbody>
    <tr><td class="h"><a name="1"></a>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">package LWP;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="2"></a>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="3"></a>3</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 2&micro;s">2&micro;s</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">$VERSION = &quot;5.834&quot;;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="4"></a>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub Version { $VERSION; }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="5"></a>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="6"></a>6</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 31&micro;s">31&micro;s</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">require 5.005;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="7"></a>7</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 900ns">900ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">require LWP::UserAgent;  # this should load everything you need</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="8"></a>8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="9"></a>9</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 7&micro;s">7&micro;s</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">1;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="10"></a>10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="11"></a>11</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">__END__</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="12"></a>12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="13"></a>13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 NAME</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="14"></a>14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="15"></a>15</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">LWP - The World-Wide Web library for Perl</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="16"></a>16</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="17"></a>17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 SYNOPSIS</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="18"></a>18</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="19"></a>19</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  use LWP;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="20"></a>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  print &quot;This is libwww-perl-$LWP::VERSION\n&quot;;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="21"></a>21</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="22"></a>22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="23"></a>23</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 DESCRIPTION</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="24"></a>24</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="25"></a>25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The libwww-perl collection is a set of Perl modules which provides a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="26"></a>26</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">simple and consistent application programming interface (API) to the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="27"></a>27</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">World-Wide Web.  The main focus of the library is to provide classes</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="28"></a>28</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and functions that allow you to write WWW clients. The library also</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="29"></a>29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">contain modules that are of more general use and even classes that</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="30"></a>30</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">help you implement simple HTTP servers.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="31"></a>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="32"></a>32</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Most modules in this library provide an object oriented API.  The user</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="33"></a>33</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">agent, requests sent and responses received from the WWW server are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="34"></a>34</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">all represented by objects.  This makes a simple and powerful</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="35"></a>35</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">interface to these services.  The interface is easy to extend</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="36"></a>36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and customize for your own needs.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="37"></a>37</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="38"></a>38</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The main features of the library are:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="39"></a>39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="40"></a>40</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 3</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="41"></a>41</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="42"></a>42</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="43"></a>43</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="44"></a>44</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Contains various reusable components (modules) that can be</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="45"></a>45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">used separately or together.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="46"></a>46</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="47"></a>47</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="48"></a>48</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="49"></a>49</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Provides an object oriented model of HTTP-style communication.  Within</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="50"></a>50</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">this framework we currently support access to http, https, gopher, ftp, news,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="51"></a>51</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">file, and mailto resources.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="52"></a>52</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="53"></a>53</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="54"></a>54</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="55"></a>55</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Provides a full object oriented interface or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="56"></a>56</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">a very simple procedural interface.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="57"></a>57</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="58"></a>58</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="59"></a>59</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="60"></a>60</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Supports the basic and digest authorization schemes.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="61"></a>61</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="62"></a>62</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="63"></a>63</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="64"></a>64</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Supports transparent redirect handling.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="65"></a>65</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="66"></a>66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="67"></a>67</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="68"></a>68</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Supports access through proxy servers.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="69"></a>69</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="70"></a>70</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="71"></a>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="72"></a>72</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Provides parser for F&lt;robots.txt&gt; files and a framework for constructing robots.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="73"></a>73</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="74"></a>74</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="75"></a>75</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="76"></a>76</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Supports parsing of HTML forms.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="77"></a>77</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="78"></a>78</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="79"></a>79</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="80"></a>80</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Implements HTTP content negotiation algorithm that can</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="81"></a>81</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">be used both in protocol modules and in server scripts (like CGI</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="82"></a>82</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">scripts).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="83"></a>83</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="84"></a>84</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="85"></a>85</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="86"></a>86</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Supports HTTP cookies.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="87"></a>87</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="88"></a>88</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="89"></a>89</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="90"></a>90</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Some simple command line clients, for instance C&lt;lwp-request&gt; and C&lt;lwp-download&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="91"></a>91</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="92"></a>92</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="93"></a>93</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="94"></a>94</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="95"></a>95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 HTTP STYLE COMMUNICATION</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="96"></a>96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="97"></a>97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="98"></a>98</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The libwww-perl library is based on HTTP style communication. This</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="99"></a>99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">section tries to describe what that means.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="100"></a>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="101"></a>101</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Let us start with this quote from the HTTP specification document</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="102"></a>102</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&lt;URL:http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Protocols/&gt;:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="103"></a>103</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="104"></a>104</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 3</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="105"></a>105</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="106"></a>106</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="107"></a>107</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="108"></a>108</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The HTTP protocol is based on a request/response paradigm. A client</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="109"></a>109</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">establishes a connection with a server and sends a request to the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="110"></a>110</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">server in the form of a request method, URI, and protocol version,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="111"></a>111</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">followed by a MIME-like message containing request modifiers, client</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="112"></a>112</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">information, and possible body content. The server responds with a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="113"></a>113</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">status line, including the message's protocol version and a success or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="114"></a>114</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">error code, followed by a MIME-like message containing server</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="115"></a>115</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">information, entity meta-information, and possible body content.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="116"></a>116</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="117"></a>117</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="118"></a>118</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="119"></a>119</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">What this means to libwww-perl is that communication always take place</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="120"></a>120</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">through these steps: First a I&lt;request&gt; object is created and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="121"></a>121</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">configured. This object is then passed to a server and we get a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="122"></a>122</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">I&lt;response&gt; object in return that we can examine. A request is always</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="123"></a>123</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">independent of any previous requests, i.e. the service is stateless.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="124"></a>124</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The same simple model is used for any kind of service we want to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="125"></a>125</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">access.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="126"></a>126</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="127"></a>127</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For example, if we want to fetch a document from a remote file server,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="128"></a>128</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">then we send it a request that contains a name for that document and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="129"></a>129</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the response will contain the document itself.  If we access a search</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="130"></a>130</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">engine, then the content of the request will contain the query</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="131"></a>131</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">parameters and the response will contain the query result.  If we want</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="132"></a>132</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to send a mail message to somebody then we send a request object which</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="133"></a>133</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">contains our message to the mail server and the response object will</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="134"></a>134</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">contain an acknowledgment that tells us that the message has been</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="135"></a>135</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">accepted and will be forwarded to the recipient(s).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="136"></a>136</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="137"></a>137</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">It is as simple as that!</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="138"></a>138</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="139"></a>139</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="140"></a>140</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 The Request Object</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="141"></a>141</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="142"></a>142</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The libwww-perl request object has the class name C&lt;HTTP::Request&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="143"></a>143</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The fact that the class name uses C&lt;HTTP::&gt; as a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="144"></a>144</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">prefix only implies that we use the HTTP model of communication.  It</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="145"></a>145</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">does not limit the kind of services we can try to pass this I&lt;request&gt;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="146"></a>146</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to.  For instance, we will send C&lt;HTTP::Request&gt;s both to ftp and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="147"></a>147</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">gopher servers, as well as to the local file system.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="148"></a>148</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="149"></a>149</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The main attributes of the request objects are:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="150"></a>150</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="151"></a>151</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 3</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="152"></a>152</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="153"></a>153</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="154"></a>154</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="155"></a>155</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;method&gt; is a short string that tells what kind of</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="156"></a>156</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">request this is.  The most common methods are B&lt;GET&gt;, B&lt;PUT&gt;,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="157"></a>157</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">B&lt;POST&gt; and B&lt;HEAD&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="158"></a>158</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="159"></a>159</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="160"></a>160</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="161"></a>161</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;uri&gt; is a string denoting the protocol, server and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="162"></a>162</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the name of the &quot;document&quot; we want to access.  The B&lt;uri&gt; might</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="163"></a>163</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">also encode various other parameters.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="164"></a>164</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="165"></a>165</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="166"></a>166</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="167"></a>167</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;headers&gt; contain additional information about the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="168"></a>168</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">request and can also used to describe the content.  The headers</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="169"></a>169</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">are a set of keyword/value pairs.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="170"></a>170</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="171"></a>171</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="172"></a>172</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="173"></a>173</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;content&gt; is an arbitrary amount of data.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="174"></a>174</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="175"></a>175</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="176"></a>176</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="177"></a>177</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 The Response Object</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="178"></a>178</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="179"></a>179</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The libwww-perl response object has the class name C&lt;HTTP::Response&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="180"></a>180</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The main attributes of objects of this class are:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="181"></a>181</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="182"></a>182</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 3</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="183"></a>183</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="184"></a>184</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="185"></a>185</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="186"></a>186</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;code&gt; is a numerical value that indicates the overall</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="187"></a>187</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">outcome of the request.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="188"></a>188</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="189"></a>189</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="190"></a>190</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="191"></a>191</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;message&gt; is a short, human readable string that</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="192"></a>192</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">corresponds to the I&lt;code&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="193"></a>193</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="194"></a>194</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="195"></a>195</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="196"></a>196</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;headers&gt; contain additional information about the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="197"></a>197</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">response and describe the content.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="198"></a>198</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="199"></a>199</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="200"></a>200</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="201"></a>201</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;content&gt; is an arbitrary amount of data.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="202"></a>202</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="203"></a>203</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="204"></a>204</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="205"></a>205</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Since we don't want to handle all possible I&lt;code&gt; values directly in</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="206"></a>206</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">our programs, a libwww-perl response object has methods that can be</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="207"></a>207</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">used to query what kind of response this is.  The most commonly used</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="208"></a>208</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">response classification methods are:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="209"></a>209</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="210"></a>210</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 3</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="211"></a>211</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="212"></a>212</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item is_success()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="213"></a>213</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="214"></a>214</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The request was was successfully received, understood or accepted.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="215"></a>215</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="216"></a>216</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item is_error()</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="217"></a>217</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="218"></a>218</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The request failed.  The server or the resource might not be</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="219"></a>219</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">available, access to the resource might be denied or other things might</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="220"></a>220</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">have failed for some reason.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="221"></a>221</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="222"></a>222</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="223"></a>223</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="224"></a>224</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 The User Agent</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="225"></a>225</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="226"></a>226</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Let us assume that we have created a I&lt;request&gt; object. What do we</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="227"></a>227</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">actually do with it in order to receive a I&lt;response&gt;?</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="228"></a>228</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="229"></a>229</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The answer is that you pass it to a I&lt;user agent&gt; object and this</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="230"></a>230</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">object takes care of all the things that need to be done</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="231"></a>231</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">(like low-level communication and error handling) and returns</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="232"></a>232</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">a I&lt;response&gt; object. The user agent represents your</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="233"></a>233</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">application on the network and provides you with an interface that</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="234"></a>234</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">can accept I&lt;requests&gt; and return I&lt;responses&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="235"></a>235</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="236"></a>236</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The user agent is an interface layer between</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="237"></a>237</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">your application code and the network.  Through this interface you are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="238"></a>238</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">able to access the various servers on the network.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="239"></a>239</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="240"></a>240</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The class name for the user agent is C&lt;LWP::UserAgent&gt;.  Every</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="241"></a>241</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">libwww-perl application that wants to communicate should create at</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="242"></a>242</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">least one object of this class. The main method provided by this</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="243"></a>243</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">object is request(). This method takes an C&lt;HTTP::Request&gt; object as</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="244"></a>244</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">argument and (eventually) returns a C&lt;HTTP::Response&gt; object.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="245"></a>245</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="246"></a>246</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The user agent has many other attributes that let you</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="247"></a>247</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">configure how it will interact with the network and with your</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="248"></a>248</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">application.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="249"></a>249</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="250"></a>250</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 3</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="251"></a>251</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="252"></a>252</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="253"></a>253</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="254"></a>254</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;timeout&gt; specifies how much time we give remote servers to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="255"></a>255</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">respond before the library disconnects and creates an</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="256"></a>256</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">internal I&lt;timeout&gt; response.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="257"></a>257</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="258"></a>258</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="259"></a>259</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="260"></a>260</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;agent&gt; specifies the name that your application should use when it</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="261"></a>261</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">presents itself on the network.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="262"></a>262</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="263"></a>263</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="264"></a>264</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="265"></a>265</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;from&gt; attribute can be set to the e-mail address of the person</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="266"></a>266</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">responsible for running the application.  If this is set, then the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="267"></a>267</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">address will be sent to the servers with every request.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="268"></a>268</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="269"></a>269</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="270"></a>270</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="271"></a>271</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;parse_head&gt; specifies whether we should initialize response</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="272"></a>272</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">headers from the E&lt;lt&gt;head&gt; section of HTML documents.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="273"></a>273</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="274"></a>274</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="275"></a>275</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="276"></a>276</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;proxy&gt; and B&lt;no_proxy&gt; attributes specify if and when to go through</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="277"></a>277</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">a proxy server. &lt;URL:http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Proxies/&gt;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="278"></a>278</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="279"></a>279</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item *</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="280"></a>280</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="281"></a>281</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The B&lt;credentials&gt; provide a way to set up user names and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="282"></a>282</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">passwords needed to access certain services.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="283"></a>283</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="284"></a>284</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="285"></a>285</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="286"></a>286</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Many applications want even more control over how they interact</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="287"></a>287</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">with the network and they get this by sub-classing</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="288"></a>288</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">C&lt;LWP::UserAgent&gt;.  The library includes a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="289"></a>289</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub-class, C&lt;LWP::RobotUA&gt;, for robot applications.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="290"></a>290</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="291"></a>291</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 An Example</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="292"></a>292</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="293"></a>293</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This example shows how the user agent, a request and a response are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="294"></a>294</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">represented in actual perl code:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="295"></a>295</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="296"></a>296</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  # Create a user agent object</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="297"></a>297</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  use LWP::UserAgent;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="298"></a>298</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  my $ua = LWP::UserAgent-&gt;new;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="299"></a>299</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $ua-&gt;agent(&quot;MyApp/0.1 &quot;);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="300"></a>300</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="301"></a>301</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  # Create a request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="302"></a>302</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  my $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(POST =&gt; 'http://search.cpan.org/search');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="303"></a>303</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req-&gt;content_type('application/x-www-form-urlencoded');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="304"></a>304</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req-&gt;content('query=libwww-perl&amp;mode=dist');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="305"></a>305</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="306"></a>306</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  # Pass request to the user agent and get a response back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="307"></a>307</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  my $res = $ua-&gt;request($req);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="308"></a>308</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="309"></a>309</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  # Check the outcome of the response</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="310"></a>310</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  if ($res-&gt;is_success) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="311"></a>311</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">      print $res-&gt;content;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="312"></a>312</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="313"></a>313</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  else {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="314"></a>314</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">      print $res-&gt;status_line, &quot;\n&quot;;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="315"></a>315</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="316"></a>316</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="317"></a>317</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The $ua is created once when the application starts up.  New request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="318"></a>318</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">objects should normally created for each request sent.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="319"></a>319</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="320"></a>320</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="321"></a>321</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 NETWORK SUPPORT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="322"></a>322</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="323"></a>323</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This section discusses the various protocol schemes and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="324"></a>324</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the HTTP style methods that headers may be used for each.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="325"></a>325</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="326"></a>326</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For all requests, a &quot;User-Agent&quot; header is added and initialized from</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="327"></a>327</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the $ua-&gt;agent attribute before the request is handed to the network</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="328"></a>328</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">layer.  In the same way, a &quot;From&quot; header is initialized from the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="329"></a>329</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">$ua-&gt;from attribute.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="330"></a>330</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="331"></a>331</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For all responses, the library adds a header called &quot;Client-Date&quot;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="332"></a>332</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This header holds the time when the response was received by</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="333"></a>333</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">your application.  The format and semantics of the header are the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="334"></a>334</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">same as the server created &quot;Date&quot; header.  You may also encounter other</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="335"></a>335</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&quot;Client-XXX&quot; headers.  They are all generated by the library</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="336"></a>336</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">internally and are not received from the servers.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="337"></a>337</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="338"></a>338</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 HTTP Requests</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="339"></a>339</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="340"></a>340</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">HTTP requests are just handed off to an HTTP server and it</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="341"></a>341</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">decides what happens.  Few servers implement methods beside the usual</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="342"></a>342</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&quot;GET&quot;, &quot;HEAD&quot;, &quot;POST&quot; and &quot;PUT&quot;, but CGI-scripts may implement</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="343"></a>343</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">any method they like.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="344"></a>344</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="345"></a>345</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If the server is not available then the library will generate an</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="346"></a>346</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">internal error response.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="347"></a>347</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="348"></a>348</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The library automatically adds a &quot;Host&quot; and a &quot;Content-Length&quot; header</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="349"></a>349</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to the HTTP request before it is sent over the network.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="350"></a>350</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="351"></a>351</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For a GET request you might want to add a &quot;If-Modified-Since&quot; or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="352"></a>352</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&quot;If-None-Match&quot; header to make the request conditional.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="353"></a>353</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="354"></a>354</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For a POST request you should add the &quot;Content-Type&quot; header.  When you</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="355"></a>355</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">try to emulate HTML E&lt;lt&gt;FORM&gt; handling you should usually let the value</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="356"></a>356</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">of the &quot;Content-Type&quot; header be &quot;application/x-www-form-urlencoded&quot;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="357"></a>357</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">See L&lt;lwpcook&gt; for examples of this.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="358"></a>358</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="359"></a>359</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The libwww-perl HTTP implementation currently support the HTTP/1.1</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="360"></a>360</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and HTTP/1.0 protocol.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="361"></a>361</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="362"></a>362</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The library allows you to access proxy server through HTTP.  This</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="363"></a>363</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">means that you can set up the library to forward all types of request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="364"></a>364</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">through the HTTP protocol module.  See L&lt;LWP::UserAgent&gt; for</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="365"></a>365</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">documentation of this.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="366"></a>366</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="367"></a>367</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="368"></a>368</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 HTTPS Requests</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="369"></a>369</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="370"></a>370</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">HTTPS requests are HTTP requests over an encrypted network connection</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="371"></a>371</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">using the SSL protocol developed by Netscape.  Everything about HTTP</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="372"></a>372</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">requests above also apply to HTTPS requests.  In addition the library</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="373"></a>373</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">will add the headers &quot;Client-SSL-Cipher&quot;, &quot;Client-SSL-Cert-Subject&quot; and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="374"></a>374</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&quot;Client-SSL-Cert-Issuer&quot; to the response.  These headers denote the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="375"></a>375</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">encryption method used and the name of the server owner.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="376"></a>376</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="377"></a>377</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The request can contain the header &quot;If-SSL-Cert-Subject&quot; in order to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="378"></a>378</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">make the request conditional on the content of the server certificate.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="379"></a>379</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If the certificate subject does not match, no request is sent to the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="380"></a>380</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">server and an internally generated error response is returned.  The</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="381"></a>381</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">value of the &quot;If-SSL-Cert-Subject&quot; header is interpreted as a Perl</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="382"></a>382</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">regular expression.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="383"></a>383</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="384"></a>384</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="385"></a>385</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 FTP Requests</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="386"></a>386</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="387"></a>387</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The library currently supports GET, HEAD and PUT requests.  GET</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="388"></a>388</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">retrieves a file or a directory listing from an FTP server.  PUT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="389"></a>389</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">stores a file on a ftp server.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="390"></a>390</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="391"></a>391</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">You can specify a ftp account for servers that want this in addition</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="392"></a>392</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to user name and password.  This is specified by including an &quot;Account&quot;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="393"></a>393</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">header in the request.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="394"></a>394</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="395"></a>395</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">User name/password can be specified using basic authorization or be</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="396"></a>396</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">encoded in the URL.  Failed logins return an UNAUTHORIZED response with</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="397"></a>397</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&quot;WWW-Authenticate: Basic&quot; and can be treated like basic authorization</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="398"></a>398</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">for HTTP.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="399"></a>399</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="400"></a>400</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The library supports ftp ASCII transfer mode by specifying the &quot;type=a&quot;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="401"></a>401</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">parameter in the URL. It also supports transfer of ranges for FTP transfers</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="402"></a>402</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">using the &quot;Range&quot; header.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="403"></a>403</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="404"></a>404</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Directory listings are by default returned unprocessed (as returned</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="405"></a>405</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">from the ftp server) with the content media type reported to be</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="406"></a>406</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&quot;text/ftp-dir-listing&quot;. The C&lt;File::Listing&gt; module provides methods</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="407"></a>407</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">for parsing of these directory listing.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="408"></a>408</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="409"></a>409</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The ftp module is also able to convert directory listings to HTML and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="410"></a>410</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">this can be requested via the standard HTTP content negotiation</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="411"></a>411</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">mechanisms (add an &quot;Accept: text/html&quot; header in the request if you</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="412"></a>412</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">want this).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="413"></a>413</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="414"></a>414</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">For normal file retrievals, the &quot;Content-Type&quot; is guessed based on the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="415"></a>415</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">file name suffix. See L&lt;LWP::MediaTypes&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="416"></a>416</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="417"></a>417</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The &quot;If-Modified-Since&quot; request header works for servers that implement</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="418"></a>418</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the MDTM command.  It will probably not work for directory listings though.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="419"></a>419</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="420"></a>420</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Example:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="421"></a>421</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="422"></a>422</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(GET =&gt; 'ftp://me:passwd@ftp.some.where.com/');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="423"></a>423</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req-&gt;header(Accept =&gt; &quot;text/html, */*;q=0.1&quot;);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="424"></a>424</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="425"></a>425</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 News Requests</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="426"></a>426</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="427"></a>427</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Access to the USENET News system is implemented through the NNTP</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="428"></a>428</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">protocol.  The name of the news server is obtained from the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="429"></a>429</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">NNTP_SERVER environment variable and defaults to &quot;news&quot;.  It is not</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="430"></a>430</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">possible to specify the hostname of the NNTP server in news: URLs.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="431"></a>431</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="432"></a>432</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The library supports GET and HEAD to retrieve news articles through the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="433"></a>433</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">NNTP protocol.  You can also post articles to newsgroups by using</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="434"></a>434</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">(surprise!) the POST method.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="435"></a>435</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="436"></a>436</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">GET on newsgroups is not implemented yet.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="437"></a>437</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="438"></a>438</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Examples:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="439"></a>439</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="440"></a>440</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(GET =&gt; 'news:abc1234@a.sn.no');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="441"></a>441</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="442"></a>442</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(POST =&gt; 'news:comp.lang.perl.test');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="443"></a>443</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req-&gt;header(Subject =&gt; 'This is a test',</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="444"></a>444</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">               From    =&gt; 'me@some.where.org');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="445"></a>445</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req-&gt;content(&lt;&lt;EOT);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="446"></a>446</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  This is the content of the message that we are sending to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="447"></a>447</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  the world.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="448"></a>448</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  EOT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="449"></a>449</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="450"></a>450</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="451"></a>451</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Gopher Request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="452"></a>452</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="453"></a>453</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The library supports the GET and HEAD methods for gopher requests.  All</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="454"></a>454</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">request header values are ignored.  HEAD cheats and returns a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="455"></a>455</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">response without even talking to server.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="456"></a>456</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="457"></a>457</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Gopher menus are always converted to HTML.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="458"></a>458</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="459"></a>459</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The response &quot;Content-Type&quot; is generated from the document type</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="460"></a>460</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">encoded (as the first letter) in the request URL path itself.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="461"></a>461</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="462"></a>462</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Example:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="463"></a>463</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="464"></a>464</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(GET =&gt; 'gopher://gopher.sn.no/');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="465"></a>465</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="466"></a>466</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="467"></a>467</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="468"></a>468</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 File Request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="469"></a>469</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="470"></a>470</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The library supports GET and HEAD methods for file requests.  The</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="471"></a>471</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">&quot;If-Modified-Since&quot; header is supported.  All other headers are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="472"></a>472</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">ignored.  The I&lt;host&gt; component of the file URL must be empty or set</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="473"></a>473</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to &quot;localhost&quot;.  Any other I&lt;host&gt; value will be treated as an error.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="474"></a>474</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="475"></a>475</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Directories are always converted to an HTML document.  For normal</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="476"></a>476</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">files, the &quot;Content-Type&quot; and &quot;Content-Encoding&quot; in the response are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="477"></a>477</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">guessed based on the file suffix.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="478"></a>478</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="479"></a>479</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Example:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="480"></a>480</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="481"></a>481</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(GET =&gt; 'file:/etc/passwd');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="482"></a>482</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="483"></a>483</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="484"></a>484</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 Mailto Request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="485"></a>485</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="486"></a>486</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">You can send (aka &quot;POST&quot;) mail messages using the library.  All</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="487"></a>487</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">headers specified for the request are passed on to the mail system.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="488"></a>488</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The &quot;To&quot; header is initialized from the mail address in the URL.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="489"></a>489</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="490"></a>490</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Example:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="491"></a>491</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="492"></a>492</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(POST =&gt; 'mailto:libwww@perl.org');</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="493"></a>493</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req-&gt;header(Subject =&gt; &quot;subscribe&quot;);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="494"></a>494</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req-&gt;content(&quot;Please subscribe me to the libwww-perl mailing list!\n&quot;);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="495"></a>495</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="496"></a>496</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head2 CPAN Requests</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="497"></a>497</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="498"></a>498</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">URLs with scheme C&lt;cpan:&gt; are redirected to the a suitable CPAN</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="499"></a>499</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">mirror.  If you have your own local mirror of CPAN you might tell LWP</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="500"></a>500</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to use it for C&lt;cpan:&gt; URLs by an assignment like this:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="501"></a>501</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="502"></a>502</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $LWP::Protocol::cpan::CPAN = &quot;file:/local/CPAN/&quot;;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="503"></a>503</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="504"></a>504</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Suitable CPAN mirrors are also picked up from the configuration for</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="505"></a>505</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">the CPAN.pm, so if you have used that module a suitable mirror should</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="506"></a>506</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">be picked automatically.  If neither of these apply, then a redirect</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="507"></a>507</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to the generic CPAN http location is issued.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="508"></a>508</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="509"></a>509</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Example request to download the newest perl:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="510"></a>510</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="511"></a>511</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  $req = HTTP::Request-&gt;new(GET =&gt; &quot;cpan:src/latest.tar.gz&quot;);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="512"></a>512</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="513"></a>513</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="514"></a>514</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 OVERVIEW OF CLASSES AND PACKAGES</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="515"></a>515</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="516"></a>516</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This table should give you a quick overview of the classes provided by the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="517"></a>517</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">library. Indentation shows class inheritance.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="518"></a>518</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="519"></a>519</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> LWP::MemberMixin   -- Access to member variables of Perl5 classes</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="520"></a>520</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">   LWP::UserAgent   -- WWW user agent class</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="521"></a>521</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">     LWP::RobotUA   -- When developing a robot applications</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="522"></a>522</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">   LWP::Protocol          -- Interface to various protocol schemes</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="523"></a>523</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">     LWP::Protocol::http  -- http:// access</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="524"></a>524</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">     LWP::Protocol::file  -- file:// access</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="525"></a>525</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">     LWP::Protocol::ftp   -- ftp:// access</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="526"></a>526</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">     ...</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="527"></a>527</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="528"></a>528</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> LWP::Authen::Basic -- Handle 401 and 407 responses</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="529"></a>529</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> LWP::Authen::Digest</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="530"></a>530</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="531"></a>531</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> HTTP::Headers      -- MIME/RFC822 style header (used by HTTP::Message)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="532"></a>532</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> HTTP::Message      -- HTTP style message</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="533"></a>533</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">   HTTP::Request    -- HTTP request</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="534"></a>534</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">   HTTP::Response   -- HTTP response</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="535"></a>535</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> HTTP::Daemon       -- A HTTP server class</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="536"></a>536</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="537"></a>537</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> WWW::RobotRules    -- Parse robots.txt files</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="538"></a>538</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">   WWW::RobotRules::AnyDBM_File -- Persistent RobotRules</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="539"></a>539</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="540"></a>540</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Net::HTTP          -- Low level HTTP client</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="541"></a>541</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="542"></a>542</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The following modules provide various functions and definitions.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="543"></a>543</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="544"></a>544</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> LWP                -- This file.  Library version number and documentation.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="545"></a>545</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> LWP::MediaTypes    -- MIME types configuration (text/html etc.)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="546"></a>546</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> LWP::Simple        -- Simplified procedural interface for common functions</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="547"></a>547</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> HTTP::Status       -- HTTP status code (200 OK etc)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="548"></a>548</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> HTTP::Date         -- Date parsing module for HTTP date formats</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="549"></a>549</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> HTTP::Negotiate    -- HTTP content negotiation calculation</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="550"></a>550</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> File::Listing      -- Parse directory listings</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="551"></a>551</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> HTML::Form         -- Processing for &lt;form&gt;s in HTML documents</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="552"></a>552</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="553"></a>553</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="554"></a>554</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 MORE DOCUMENTATION</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="555"></a>555</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="556"></a>556</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">All modules contain detailed information on the interfaces they</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="557"></a>557</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">provide.  The I&lt;lwpcook&gt; manpage is the libwww-perl cookbook that contain</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="558"></a>558</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">examples of typical usage of the library.  You might want to take a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="559"></a>559</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">look at how the scripts C&lt;lwp-request&gt;, C&lt;lwp-rget&gt; and C&lt;lwp-mirror&gt;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="560"></a>560</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">are implemented.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="561"></a>561</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="562"></a>562</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 ENVIRONMENT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="563"></a>563</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="564"></a>564</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The following environment variables are used by LWP:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="565"></a>565</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="566"></a>566</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="567"></a>567</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="568"></a>568</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item HOME</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="569"></a>569</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="570"></a>570</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The C&lt;LWP::MediaTypes&gt; functions will look for the F&lt;.media.types&gt; and</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="571"></a>571</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">F&lt;.mime.types&gt; files relative to you home directory.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="572"></a>572</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="573"></a>573</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item http_proxy</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="574"></a>574</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="575"></a>575</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item ftp_proxy</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="576"></a>576</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="577"></a>577</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item xxx_proxy</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="578"></a>578</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="579"></a>579</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item no_proxy</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="580"></a>580</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="581"></a>581</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">These environment variables can be set to enable communication through</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="582"></a>582</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">a proxy server.  See the description of the C&lt;env_proxy&gt; method in</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="583"></a>583</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">L&lt;LWP::UserAgent&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="584"></a>584</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="585"></a>585</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item PERL_LWP_USE_HTTP_10</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="586"></a>586</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="587"></a>587</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Enable the old HTTP/1.0 protocol driver instead of the new HTTP/1.1</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="588"></a>588</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">driver.  You might want to set this to a TRUE value if you discover</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="589"></a>589</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">that your old LWP applications fails after you installed LWP-5.60 or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="590"></a>590</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">better.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="591"></a>591</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="592"></a>592</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item PERL_HTTP_URI_CLASS</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="593"></a>593</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="594"></a>594</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Used to decide what URI objects to instantiate.  The default is C&lt;URI&gt;.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="595"></a>595</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">You might want to set it to C&lt;URI::URL&gt; for compatibility with old times.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="596"></a>596</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="597"></a>597</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="598"></a>598</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="599"></a>599</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 AUTHORS</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="600"></a>600</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="601"></a>601</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">LWP was made possible by contributions from Adam Newby, Albert</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="602"></a>602</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Dvornik, Alexandre Duret-Lutz, Andreas Gustafsson, Andreas König,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="603"></a>603</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Andrew Pimlott, Andy Lester, Ben Coleman, Benjamin Low, Ben Low, Ben</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="604"></a>604</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Tilly, Blair Zajac, Bob Dalgleish, BooK, Brad Hughes, Brian</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="605"></a>605</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">J. Murrell, Brian McCauley, Charles C. Fu, Charles Lane, Chris Nandor,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="606"></a>606</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Christian Gilmore, Chris W. Unger, Craig Macdonald, Dale Couch, Dan</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="607"></a>607</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Kubb, Dave Dunkin, Dave W. Smith, David Coppit, David Dick, David</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="608"></a>608</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">D. Kilzer, Doug MacEachern, Edward Avis, erik, Gary Shea, Gisle Aas,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="609"></a>609</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Graham Barr, Gurusamy Sarathy, Hans de Graaff, Harald Joerg, Harry</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="610"></a>610</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Bochner, Hugo, Ilya Zakharevich, INOUE Yoshinari, Ivan Panchenko, Jack</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="611"></a>611</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Shirazi, James Tillman, Jan Dubois, Jared Rhine, Jim Stern, Joao</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="612"></a>612</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Lopes, John Klar, Johnny Lee, Josh Kronengold, Josh Rai, Joshua</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="613"></a>613</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Chamas, Joshua Hoblitt, Kartik Subbarao, Keiichiro Nagano, Ken</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="614"></a>614</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Williams, KONISHI Katsuhiro, Lee T Lindley, Liam Quinn, Marc Hedlund,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="615"></a>615</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Marc Langheinrich, Mark D. Anderson, Marko Asplund, Mark Stosberg,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="616"></a>616</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Markus B Krüger, Markus Laker, Martijn Koster, Martin Thurn, Matthew</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="617"></a>617</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Eldridge, Matthew.van.Eerde, Matt Sergeant, Michael A. Chase, Michael</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="618"></a>618</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Quaranta, Michael Thompson, Mike Schilli, Moshe Kaminsky, Nathan</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="619"></a>619</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Torkington, Nicolai Langfeldt, Norton Allen, Olly Betts, Paul</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="620"></a>620</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">J. Schinder, peterm, Philip GuentherDaniel Buenzli, Pon Hwa Lin,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="621"></a>621</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Radoslaw Zielinski, Radu Greab, Randal L. Schwartz, Richard Chen,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="622"></a>622</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Robin Barker, Roy Fielding, Sander van Zoest, Sean M. Burke,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="623"></a>623</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">shildreth, Slaven Rezic, Steve A Fink, Steve Hay, Steven Butler,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="624"></a>624</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Steve_Kilbane, Takanori Ugai, Thomas Lotterer, Tim Bunce, Tom Hughes,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="625"></a>625</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Tony Finch, Ville Skyttä, Ward Vandewege, William York, Yale Huang,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="626"></a>626</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">and Yitzchak Scott-Thoennes.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="627"></a>627</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="628"></a>628</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">LWP owes a lot in motivation, design, and code, to the libwww-perl</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="629"></a>629</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">library for Perl4 by Roy Fielding, which included work from Alberto</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="630"></a>630</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Accomazzi, James Casey, Brooks Cutter, Martijn Koster, Oscar</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="631"></a>631</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Nierstrasz, Mel Melchner, Gertjan van Oosten, Jared Rhine, Jack</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="632"></a>632</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Shirazi, Gene Spafford, Marc VanHeyningen, Steven E. Brenner, Marion</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="633"></a>633</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Hakanson, Waldemar Kebsch, Tony Sanders, and Larry Wall; see the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="634"></a>634</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">libwww-perl-0.40 library for details.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="635"></a>635</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="636"></a>636</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 COPYRIGHT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="637"></a>637</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="638"></a>638</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  Copyright 1995-2009, Gisle Aas</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="639"></a>639</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  Copyright 1995, Martijn Koster</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="640"></a>640</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="641"></a>641</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="642"></a>642</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="643"></a>643</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="644"></a>644</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 AVAILABILITY</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="645"></a>645</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="646"></a>646</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The latest version of this library is likely to be available from CPAN</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="647"></a>647</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">as well as:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="648"></a>648</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="649"></a>649</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">  http://gitorious.org/projects/libwww-perl</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="650"></a>650</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="651"></a>651</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The best place to discuss this code is on the &lt;libwww@perl.org&gt;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="652"></a>652</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">mailing list.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="653"></a>653</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="654"></a>654</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=cut</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div>
        
            <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { 

        $("#subs_table").tablesorter({
            sortList: [[3,1]],
            headers: {
                3: { sorter: 'fmt_time' },
                4: { sorter: 'fmt_time' }
            }
        });
    
 } ); </script>
        
        <div class="footer">Report produced by the
        <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Devel-NYTProf/">NYTProf 3.11</a>
        Perl profiler, developed by
        <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/timbunce">Tim Bunce</a> and
        <a href="http://code.nytimes.com">Adam Kaplan</a>.
        </div>
        <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
    </body></html>