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<span class="siteTitle">NYTProf Performance Profile</span>
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<span class="siteSubtitle">Run on Tue May 4 15:25:55 2010<br />Reported on Tue May 4 15:26:10 2010</span>
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<table>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">File</td>
<td align="left">/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.1/URI/Escape.pm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">Statements Executed</td>
<td align="left">546</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="h" align="right">Statement Execution Time</td>
<td align="left">1.48ms</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table id="subs_table" border="1" cellpadding="0" class="tablesorter">
<caption>Subroutines — ordered by exclusive time</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Calls</th>
<th><span title="Number of Places sub is called from">P</span></th>
<th><span title="Number of Files sub is called from">F</span></th>
<th>Exclusive<br />Time</th>
<th>Inclusive<br />Time</th>
<th>Subroutine</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="c1">23</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c0"><span title="0.0%">288µs</span></td><td class="c0"><span title="0.0%">478µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::uri_escape</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#160">uri_escape</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c1">23</td><td class="c1">2</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c0"><span title="0.0%">172µs</span></td><td class="c0"><span title="0.1%">670µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::uri_escape_utf8</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#184">uri_escape_utf8</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">9</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c0"><span title="0.0%">65µs</span></td><td class="c1"><span title="0.0%">69µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::uri_unescape</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#197">uri_unescape</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c0">33</td><td class="c0">3</td><td class="c0">3</td><td class="c1"><span title="0.0%">37µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">37µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::CORE:subst</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#URI__Escape__CORE_subst">CORE:subst</a> (opcode)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c2">15</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c1">2</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">21µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">21µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::CORE:substcont</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#URI__Escape__CORE_substcont">CORE:substcont</a> (opcode)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">13µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">16µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::BEGIN@2</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#2">BEGIN@2</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">6µs</span></td><td class="c2"><span title="0.0%">54µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::BEGIN@141</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#141">BEGIN@141</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">6µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">21µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::BEGIN@142</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#142">BEGIN@142</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">3µs</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">3µs</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::BEGIN@150</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#150">BEGIN@150</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::_fail_hi</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#178">_fail_hi</a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3">0</td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="c3"><span title="0.0%">0s</span></td><td class="sub_name"><span style="display: none;">URI::Escape::::escape_char</span>URI::Escape::<a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#214">escape_char</a></span></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Call graph for these subroutines as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphviz">Graphviz</a> <a href="usr-local-lib-perl5-site_perl-5-10-1-URI-Escape-pm.dot">dot language file</a>.
<table border="1" cellpadding="0">
<thead>
<tr><th>Line</th>
<th><span title="Number of statements executed">State<br />ments</span></th>
<th><span title="Time spend executing statements on the line,
excluding time spent executing statements in any called subroutines">Time<br />on line</span></th>
<th><span title="Number of subroutines calls">Calls</span></th>
<th><span title="Time spent in subroutines called">Time<br />in subs</span></th>
<th class="left_indent_header">Code</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="1"></a>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">package URI::Escape;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="2"></a>2</td><td class="c3">3</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 15µs">44µs</span></td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3">19µs</td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 16µs (13+3) within URI::Escape::BEGIN@2 which was called
# once (13µs+3µs) by URI::BEGIN@22 at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#2">line 2</a></div></div>use strict;<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"># spent 16µs making 1 call to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#2">URI::Escape::BEGIN@2</a>
# spent 3µs making 1 call to <a href="strict-pm-block.html#34">strict::import</a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="3"></a>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="4"></a>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 NAME</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="5"></a>5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="6"></a>6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">URI::Escape - Escape and unescape unsafe characters</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="7"></a>7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="8"></a>8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 SYNOPSIS</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="9"></a>9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="10"></a>10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use URI::Escape;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="11"></a>11</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $safe = uri_escape("10% is enough\n");</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="12"></a>12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $verysafe = uri_escape("foo", "\0-\377");</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="13"></a>13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $str = uri_unescape($safe);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="14"></a>14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="15"></a>15</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 DESCRIPTION</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="16"></a>16</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="17"></a>17</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This module provides functions to escape and unescape URI strings as</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="18"></a>18</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">defined by RFC 2396 (and updated by RFC 2732).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="19"></a>19</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">A URI consists of a restricted set of characters,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="20"></a>20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">denoted as C<uric> in RFC 2396. The restricted set of characters</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="21"></a>21</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">consists of digits, letters, and a few graphic symbols chosen from</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="22"></a>22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">those common to most of the character encodings and input facilities</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="23"></a>23</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">available to Internet users:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="24"></a>24</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="25"></a>25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> "A" .. "Z", "a" .. "z", "0" .. "9",</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="26"></a>26</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> ";", "/", "?", ":", "@", "&", "=", "+", "$", ",", "[", "]", # reserved</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="27"></a>27</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> "-", "_", ".", "!", "~", "*", "'", "(", ")"</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="28"></a>28</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="29"></a>29</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">In addition, any byte (octet) can be represented in a URI by an escape</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="30"></a>30</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sequence: a triplet consisting of the character "%" followed by two</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="31"></a>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">hexadecimal digits. A byte can also be represented directly by a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="32"></a>32</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">character, using the US-ASCII character for that octet (iff the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="33"></a>33</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">character is part of C<uric>).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="34"></a>34</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="35"></a>35</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Some of the C<uric> characters are I<reserved> for use as delimiters</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="36"></a>36</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">or as part of certain URI components. These must be escaped if they are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="37"></a>37</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">to be treated as ordinary data. Read RFC 2396 for further details.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="38"></a>38</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="39"></a>39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The functions provided (and exported by default) from this module are:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="40"></a>40</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="41"></a>41</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=over 4</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="42"></a>42</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="43"></a>43</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item uri_escape( $string )</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="44"></a>44</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="45"></a>45</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item uri_escape( $string, $unsafe )</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="46"></a>46</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="47"></a>47</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Replaces each unsafe character in the $string with the corresponding</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="48"></a>48</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">escape sequence and returns the result. The $string argument should</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="49"></a>49</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">be a string of bytes. The uri_escape() function will croak if given a</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="50"></a>50</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">characters with code above 255. Use uri_escape_utf8() if you know you</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="51"></a>51</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">have such chars or/and want chars in the 128 .. 255 range treated as</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="52"></a>52</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">UTF-8.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="53"></a>53</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="54"></a>54</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The uri_escape() function takes an optional second argument that</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="55"></a>55</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">overrides the set of characters that are to be escaped. The set is</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="56"></a>56</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">specified as a string that can be used in a regular expression</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="57"></a>57</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">character class (between [ ]). E.g.:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="58"></a>58</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="59"></a>59</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> "\x00-\x1f\x7f-\xff" # all control and hi-bit characters</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="60"></a>60</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> "a-z" # all lower case characters</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="61"></a>61</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> "^A-Za-z" # everything not a letter</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="62"></a>62</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="63"></a>63</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The default set of characters to be escaped is all those which are</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="64"></a>64</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">I<not> part of the C<uric> character class shown above as well as the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="65"></a>65</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">reserved characters. I.e. the default is:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="66"></a>66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="67"></a>67</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> "^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'()"</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="68"></a>68</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="69"></a>69</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item uri_escape_utf8( $string )</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="70"></a>70</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="71"></a>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item uri_escape_utf8( $string, $unsafe )</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="72"></a>72</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="73"></a>73</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Works like uri_escape(), but will encode chars as UTF-8 before</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="74"></a>74</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">escaping them. This makes this function able do deal with characters</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="75"></a>75</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">with code above 255 in $string. Note that chars in the 128 .. 255</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="76"></a>76</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">range will be escaped differently by this function compared to what</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="77"></a>77</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">uri_escape() would. For chars in the 0 .. 127 range there is no</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="78"></a>78</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">difference.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="79"></a>79</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="80"></a>80</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The call:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="81"></a>81</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="82"></a>82</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $uri = uri_escape_utf8($string);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="83"></a>83</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="84"></a>84</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">will be the same as:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="85"></a>85</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="86"></a>86</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> use Encode qw(encode);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="87"></a>87</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $uri = uri_escape(encode("UTF-8", $string));</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="88"></a>88</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="89"></a>89</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">but will even work for perl-5.6 for chars in the 128 .. 255 range.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="90"></a>90</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="91"></a>91</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Note: Javascript has a function called escape() that produces the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="92"></a>92</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sequence "%uXXXX" for chars in the 256 .. 65535 range. This function</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="93"></a>93</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">has really nothing to do with URI escaping but some folks got confused</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="94"></a>94</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">since it "does the right thing" in the 0 .. 255 range. Because of</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="95"></a>95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">this you sometimes see "URIs" with these kind of escapes. The</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="96"></a>96</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">JavaScript encodeURIComponent() function is similar to uri_escape_utf8().</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="97"></a>97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="98"></a>98</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=item uri_unescape($string,...)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="99"></a>99</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="100"></a>100</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Returns a string with each %XX sequence replaced with the actual byte</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="101"></a>101</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">(octet).</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="102"></a>102</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="103"></a>103</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This does the same as:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="104"></a>104</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="105"></a>105</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $string =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="106"></a>106</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="107"></a>107</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">but does not modify the string in-place as this RE would. Using the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="108"></a>108</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">uri_unescape() function instead of the RE might make the code look</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="109"></a>109</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">cleaner and is a few characters less to type.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="110"></a>110</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="111"></a>111</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">In a simple benchmark test I did,</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="112"></a>112</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">calling the function (instead of the inline RE above) if a few chars</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="113"></a>113</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">were unescaped was something like 40% slower, and something like 700% slower if none were. If</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="114"></a>114</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">you are going to unescape a lot of times it might be a good idea to</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="115"></a>115</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">inline the RE.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="116"></a>116</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="117"></a>117</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">If the uri_unescape() function is passed multiple strings, then each</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="118"></a>118</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">one is returned unescaped.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="119"></a>119</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="120"></a>120</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=back</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="121"></a>121</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="122"></a>122</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">The module can also export the C<%escapes> hash, which contains the</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="123"></a>123</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">mapping from all 256 bytes to the corresponding escape codes. Lookup</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="124"></a>124</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">in this hash is faster than evaluating C<sprintf("%%%02X", ord($byte))></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="125"></a>125</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">each time.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="126"></a>126</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="127"></a>127</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 SEE ALSO</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="128"></a>128</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="129"></a>129</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">L<URI></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="130"></a>130</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="131"></a>131</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="132"></a>132</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=head1 COPYRIGHT</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="133"></a>133</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="134"></a>134</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">Copyright 1995-2004 Gisle Aas.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="135"></a>135</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="136"></a>136</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="137"></a>137</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">it under the same terms as Perl itself.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="138"></a>138</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="139"></a>139</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">=cut</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="140"></a>140</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="141"></a>141</td><td class="c3">3</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 8µs">23µs</span></td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c0">101µs</td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 54µs (6+47) within URI::Escape::BEGIN@141 which was called
# once (6µs+47µs) by URI::BEGIN@22 at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#141">line 141</a></div></div>use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $VERSION);<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"># spent 54µs making 1 call to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#141">URI::Escape::BEGIN@141</a>
# spent 47µs making 1 call to <a href="vars-pm-block.html#10">vars::import</a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="142"></a>142</td><td class="c3">3</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 13µs">40µs</span></td><td class="c3">2</td><td class="c3">36µs</td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 21µs (6+15) within URI::Escape::BEGIN@142 which was called
# once (6µs+15µs) by URI::BEGIN@22 at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#142">line 142</a></div></div>use vars qw(%escapes);<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"># spent 21µs making 1 call to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#142">URI::Escape::BEGIN@142</a>
# spent 15µs making 1 call to <a href="vars-pm-block.html#10">vars::import</a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="143"></a>143</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="144"></a>144</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 700ns">700ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">require Exporter;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="145"></a>145</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 7µs">7µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">@ISA = qw(Exporter);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="146"></a>146</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 800ns">800ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">@EXPORT = qw(uri_escape uri_unescape uri_escape_utf8);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="147"></a>147</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 300ns">300ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">@EXPORT_OK = qw(%escapes);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="148"></a>148</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 200ns">200ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">$VERSION = "3.29";</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="149"></a>149</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="150"></a>150</td><td class="c3">3</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 120µs">360µs</span></td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3">3µs</td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 3µs within URI::Escape::BEGIN@150 which was called
# once (3µs+0s) by URI::BEGIN@22 at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#150">line 150</a></div></div>use Carp ();<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"># spent 3µs making 1 call to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#150">URI::Escape::BEGIN@150</a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="151"></a>151</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="152"></a>152</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"># Build a char->hex map</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="153"></a>153</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 2µs">2µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">for (0..255) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="154"></a>154</td><td class="c0">256</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 1µs">267µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $escapes{chr($_)} = sprintf("%%%02X", $_);</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="155"></a>155</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="156"></a>156</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="157"></a>157</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 400ns">400ns</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">my %subst; # compiled patternes</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="158"></a>158</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="159"></a>159</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub uri_escape</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="160"></a>160</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 478µs (288+190) within URI::Escape::uri_escape which was called 23 times, avg 21µs/call:
# 23 times (288µs+190µs) by URI::Escape::uri_escape_utf8 at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#193">line 193</a>, avg 21µs/call</div></div>{</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="161"></a>161</td><td class="c0">92</td><td class="c1"><span title="Avg 951ns">88µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my($text, $patn) = @_;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="162"></a>162</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> return undef unless defined $text;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="163"></a>163</td><td class="c0">46</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 1µs">48µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> if (defined $patn){</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="164"></a>164</td><td class="c3">3</td><td class="c1"><span title="Avg 38µs">115µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> unless (exists $subst{$patn}) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="165"></a>165</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # Because we can't compile the regex we fake it with a cached sub</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="166"></a>166</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> (my $tmp = $patn) =~ s,/,\\/,g;<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 1µs making 1 call to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#URI__Escape__CORE_subst">URI::Escape::CORE:subst</a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="167"></a>167</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c0"><span title="Avg 224µs">224µs</span></td><td class="c0">38</td><td class="c2">52µs</td><td class="s"> eval "\$subst{\$patn} = sub {\$_[0] =~ s/([$tmp])/\$escapes{\$1} || _fail_hi(\$1)/ge; }";<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 31µs making 23 calls to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#URI__Escape__CORE_subst">URI::Escape::CORE:subst</a>, avg 1µs/call
# spent 21µs making 15 calls to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#URI__Escape__CORE_substcont">URI::Escape::CORE:substcont</a>, avg 1µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="168"></a>168</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Carp::croak("uri_escape: $@") if $@;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="169"></a>169</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="170"></a>170</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> &{$subst{$patn}}($text);<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 189µs making 23 calls to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#167">URI::Escape::__ANON__[(eval 0)[URI/Escape.pm:167]:1]</a>, avg 8µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="171"></a>171</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> } else {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="172"></a>172</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # Default unsafe characters. RFC 2732 ^(uric - reserved)</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="173"></a>173</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $text =~ s/([^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'()])/$escapes{$1} || _fail_hi($1)/ge;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="174"></a>174</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="175"></a>175</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $text;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="176"></a>176</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="177"></a>177</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="178"></a>178</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub _fail_hi {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="179"></a>179</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $chr = shift;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="180"></a>180</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> Carp::croak(sprintf "Can't escape \\x{%04X}, try uri_escape_utf8() instead", ord($chr));</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="181"></a>181</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="182"></a>182</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="183"></a>183</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub uri_escape_utf8</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="184"></a>184</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 670µs (172+499) within URI::Escape::uri_escape_utf8 which was called 23 times, avg 29µs/call:
# 20 times (149µs+427µs) by SimpleDB::Client::construct_request at <a href="lib-SimpleDB-Client-pm-block.html#167">line 167 of ../lib/SimpleDB/Client.pm</a>, avg 29µs/call
# 3 times (22µs+72µs) by SimpleDB::Client::construct_request at <a href="lib-SimpleDB-Client-pm-block.html#174">line 174 of ../lib/SimpleDB/Client.pm</a>, avg 31µs/call</div></div>{</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="185"></a>185</td><td class="c0">69</td><td class="c1"><span title="Avg 2µs">109µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $text = shift;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="186"></a>186</td><td class="c0">23</td><td class="c2"><span title="Avg 3µs">76µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> if ($] < 5.008) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="187"></a>187</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $text =~ s/([^\0-\x7F])/do {my $o = ord($1); sprintf("%c%c", 0xc0 | ($o >> 6), 0x80 | ($o & 0x3f)) }/ge;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="188"></a>188</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="189"></a>189</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> else {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="190"></a>190</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> utf8::encode($text);<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 21µs making 23 calls to <a href="utf8-pm-block.html#utf8__encode">utf8::encode</a>, avg 913ns/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="191"></a>191</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="192"></a>192</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="193"></a>193</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> return uri_escape($text, @_);<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 478µs making 23 calls to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#160">URI::Escape::uri_escape</a>, avg 21µs/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="194"></a>194</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="195"></a>195</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="196"></a>196</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub uri_unescape</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="197"></a>197</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 69µs (65+5) within URI::Escape::uri_unescape which was called 9 times, avg 8µs/call:
# 9 times (65µs+5µs) by URI::_server::host at <a href="URI-_server-pm-block.html#90">line 90 of URI/_server.pm</a>, avg 8µs/call</div></div>{</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="198"></a>198</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # Note from RFC1630: "Sequences which start with a percent sign</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="199"></a>199</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # but are not followed by two hexadecimal characters are reserved</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="200"></a>200</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # for future extension"</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="201"></a>201</td><td class="c0">36</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 2µs">63µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my $str = shift;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="202"></a>202</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> if (@_ && wantarray) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="203"></a>203</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> # not executed for the common case of a single argument</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="204"></a>204</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> my @str = ($str, @_); # need to copy</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="205"></a>205</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> foreach (@str) {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="206"></a>206</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="207"></a>207</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="208"></a>208</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> return @str;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="209"></a>209</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> }</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="210"></a>210</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $str =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg if defined $str;<div class="calls"><div class="calls_out"> # spent 5µs making 9 calls to <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#URI__Escape__CORE_subst">URI::Escape::CORE:subst</a>, avg 533ns/call</div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="211"></a>211</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> $str;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="212"></a>212</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="213"></a>213</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="214"></a>214</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">sub escape_char {</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="215"></a>215</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"> return join '', @URI::Escape::escapes{$_[0] =~ /(\C)/g};</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="216"></a>216</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">}</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="217"></a>217</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="218"></a>218</td><td class="c3">1</td><td class="c3"><span title="Avg 15µs">15µs</span></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s">1;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="URI__Escape__CORE_subst"></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 37µs within URI::Escape::CORE:subst which was called 33 times, avg 1µs/call:
# 23 times (31µs+0s) by URI::Escape::__ANON__[(eval 0)[/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.1/URI/Escape.pm:167]:1] at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#167">line 1 of (eval 0)[URI/Escape.pm:167] at line 167 of URI/Escape.pm</a>, avg 1µs/call
# 9 times (5µs+0s) by URI::Escape::uri_unescape at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#210">line 210 of URI/Escape.pm</a>, avg 533ns/call
# once (1µs+0s) by URI::Escape::uri_escape at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#166">line 166 of URI/Escape.pm</a></div></div>sub URI::Escape::CORE:subst; # xsub<br /> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="h"><a name="URI__Escape__CORE_substcont"></a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td class="s"><div class="calls"><div class="calls_in"># spent 21µs within URI::Escape::CORE:substcont which was called 15 times, avg 1µs/call:
# 15 times (21µs+0s) by URI::Escape::__ANON__[(eval 0)[/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.1/URI/Escape.pm:167]:1] at <a href="URI-Escape-pm-block.html#167">line 1 of (eval 0)[URI/Escape.pm:167] at line 167 of URI/Escape.pm</a>, avg 1µs/call</div></div>sub URI::Escape::CORE:substcont; # xsub<br /> </td></tr>
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