use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.006;
package App::Cmd;
{
$App::Cmd::VERSION = '0.322';
}
use App::Cmd::ArgProcessor;
BEGIN { our @ISA = 'App::Cmd::ArgProcessor' };
# ABSTRACT: write command line apps with less suffering
use File::Basename ();
use Module::Pluggable::Object ();
use Class::Load ();
use Sub::Exporter -setup => {
collectors => {
-ignore => \'_setup_ignore',
-command => \'_setup_command',
-run => sub {
warn "using -run to run your command is deprecated\n";
$_[1]->{class}->run; 1
},
},
};
sub _setup_command {
my ($self, $val, $data) = @_;
my $into = $data->{into};
Carp::confess "App::Cmd -command setup requested for already-setup class"
if $into->isa('App::Cmd::Command');
{
my $base = $self->_default_command_base;
Class::Load::load_class($base);
no strict 'refs';
push @{"$into\::ISA"}, $base;
}
$self->_register_command($into);
for my $plugin ($self->_plugin_plugins) {
$plugin->import_from_plugin({ into => $into });
}
1;
}
sub _setup_ignore {
my ($self, $val, $data ) = @_;
my $into = $data->{into};
Carp::confess "App::Cmd -ignore setup requested for already-setup class"
if $into->isa('App::Cmd::Command');
$self->_register_ignore($into);
1;
}
sub _plugin_plugins { return }
sub new {
my ($class, $arg) = @_;
my $arg0 = $0;
my $base = File::Basename::basename $arg0;
my $self = {
command => $class->_command($arg),
arg0 => $base,
full_arg0 => $arg0,
};
bless $self => $class;
}
# effectively, returns the command-to-plugin mapping guts of a Cmd
# if called on a class or on a Cmd with no mapping, construct a new hashref
# suitable for use as the object's mapping
sub _command {
my ($self, $arg) = @_;
return $self->{command} if ref $self and $self->{command};
# TODO _default_command_base can be wrong if people are not using
# ::Setup and have no ::Command :(
#
# my $want_isa = $self->_default_command_base;
# -- kentnl, 2010-12
my $want_isa = 'App::Cmd::Command';
my %plugin;
for my $plugin ($self->_plugins) {
Class::Load::load_class($plugin);
# relies on either the plugin itself registering as ignored
# during compile ( use MyApp::Cmd -ignore )
# or being explicitly registered elsewhere ( blacklisted )
# via $app_cmd->_register_ignore( $class )
# -- kentnl, 2011-09
next if $self->should_ignore( $plugin );
die "$plugin is not a " . $want_isa
unless $plugin->isa($want_isa);
next unless $plugin->can("command_names");
foreach my $command (map { lc } $plugin->command_names) {
die "two plugins for command $command: $plugin and $plugin{$command}\n"
if exists $plugin{$command};
$plugin{$command} = $plugin;
}
}
$self->_load_default_plugin($_, $arg, \%plugin) for qw(commands help version);
if ($self->allow_any_unambiguous_abbrev) {
# add abbreviations to list of authorized commands
require Text::Abbrev;
my %abbrev = Text::Abbrev::abbrev( keys %plugin );
@plugin{ keys %abbrev } = @plugin{ values %abbrev };
}
return \%plugin;
}
# ->_plugins won't be called more than once on any given App::Cmd, but since
# finding plugins can be a bit expensive, we'll do a lousy cache here.
# -- rjbs, 2007-10-09
my %plugins_for;
sub _plugins {
my ($self) = @_;
my $class = ref $self || $self;
return @{ $plugins_for{$class} } if $plugins_for{$class};
my $finder = Module::Pluggable::Object->new(
search_path => $self->plugin_search_path,
$self->_module_pluggable_options,
);
my @plugins = $finder->plugins;
$plugins_for{$class} = \@plugins;
return @plugins;
}
sub _register_command {
my ($self, $cmd_class) = @_;
$self->_plugins;
my $class = ref $self || $self;
push @{ $plugins_for{ $class } }, $cmd_class
unless grep { $_ eq $cmd_class } @{ $plugins_for{ $class } };
}
my %ignored_for;
sub should_ignore {
my ( $self , $cmd_class ) = @_;
my $class = ref $self || $self;
for ( @{ $ignored_for{ $class } } ) {
return 1 if $_ eq $cmd_class;
}
return;
}
sub _register_ignore {
my ($self, $cmd_class) = @_;
my $class = ref $self || $self;
push @{ $ignored_for{ $class } }, $cmd_class
unless grep { $_ eq $cmd_class } @{ $ignored_for{ $class } };
}
sub _module_pluggable_options {
# my ($self) = @_; # no point in creating these ops, just to toss $self
return;
}
# load one of the stock plugins, unless requested to squash; unlike normal
# plugin loading, command-to-plugin mapping conflicts are silently ignored
sub _load_default_plugin {
my ($self, $plugin_name, $arg, $plugin_href) = @_;
unless ($arg->{"no_$plugin_name\_plugin"}) {
my $plugin = "App::Cmd::Command::$plugin_name";
Class::Load::load_class($plugin);
for my $command (map { lc } $plugin->command_names) {
$plugin_href->{$command} ||= $plugin;
}
}
}
sub run {
my ($self) = @_;
# We should probably use Class::Default.
$self = $self->new unless ref $self;
# prepare the command we're going to run...
my @argv = $self->prepare_args();
my ($cmd, $opt, @args) = $self->prepare_command(@argv);
# ...and then run it
$self->execute_command($cmd, $opt, @args);
}
sub prepare_args {
my ($self) = @_;
return scalar(@ARGV)
? (@ARGV)
: (@{$self->default_args});
}
use constant default_args => [];
sub arg0 { $_[0]->{arg0} }
sub full_arg0 { $_[0]->{full_arg0} }
sub prepare_command {
my ($self, @args) = @_;
# figure out first-level dispatch
my ($command, $opt, @sub_args) = $self->get_command(@args);
# set up the global options (which we just determined)
$self->set_global_options($opt);
# find its plugin or else call default plugin (default default is help)
if ($command) {
$self->_prepare_command($command, $opt, @sub_args);
} else {
$self->_prepare_default_command($opt, @sub_args);
}
}
sub _prepare_command {
my ($self, $command, $opt, @args) = @_;
if (my $plugin = $self->plugin_for($command)) {
return $plugin->prepare($self, @args);
} else {
return $self->_bad_command($command, $opt, @args);
}
}
sub _prepare_default_command {
my ($self, $opt, @sub_args) = @_;
$self->_prepare_command($self->default_command, $opt, @sub_args);
}
sub _bad_command {
my ($self, $command, $opt, @args) = @_;
print "Unrecognized command: $command.\n\nUsage:\n" if defined($command);
# This should be class data so that, in Bizarro World, two App::Cmds will not
# conflict.
our $_bad++;
$self->prepare_command(qw(commands --stderr));
}
END { exit 1 if our $_bad };
sub default_command { "help" }
sub execute_command {
my ($self, $cmd, $opt, @args) = @_;
local our $active_cmd = $cmd;
$cmd->validate_args($opt, \@args);
$cmd->execute($opt, \@args);
}
sub _default_command_base {
my ($self) = @_;
my $class = ref $self || $self;
return "$class\::Command";
}
sub _default_plugin_base {
my ($self) = @_;
my $class = ref $self || $self;
return "$class\::Plugin";
}
sub plugin_search_path {
my ($self) = @_;
my $dcb = $self->_default_command_base;
my $ccb = $dcb eq 'App::Cmd::Command'
? $self->App::Cmd::_default_command_base
: $self->_default_command_base;
my @default = ($ccb, $self->_default_plugin_base);
if (ref $self) {
return $self->{plugin_search_path} ||= \@default;
} else {
return \@default;
}
}
sub allow_any_unambiguous_abbrev { return 0 }
sub global_options {
my $self = shift;
return $self->{global_options} ||= {} if ref $self;
return {};
}
sub set_global_options {
my ($self, $opt) = @_;
return $self->{global_options} = $opt;
}
sub command_names {
my ($self) = @_;
keys %{ $self->_command };
}
sub command_plugins {
my ($self) = @_;
my %seen = map {; $_ => 1 } values %{ $self->_command };
keys %seen;
}
sub plugin_for {
my ($self, $command) = @_;
return unless $command;
return unless exists $self->_command->{ $command };
return $self->_command->{ $command };
}
sub get_command {
my ($self, @args) = @_;
my ($opt, $args, %fields)
= $self->_process_args(\@args, $self->_global_option_processing_params);
my ($command, $rest) = $self->_cmd_from_args($args);
$self->{usage} = $fields{usage};
return ($command, $opt, @$rest);
}
sub _cmd_from_args {
my ($self, $args) = @_;
my $command = shift @$args;
return ($command, $args);
}
sub _global_option_processing_params {
my ($self, @args) = @_;
return (
$self->usage_desc(@args),
$self->global_opt_spec(@args),
{ getopt_conf => [qw/pass_through/] },
);
}
sub usage { $_[0]{usage} };
sub usage_desc {
# my ($self) = @_; # no point in creating these ops, just to toss $self
return "%c <command> %o";
}
sub global_opt_spec {
# my ($self) = @_; # no point in creating these ops, just to toss $self
return;
}
sub usage_error {
my ($self, $error) = @_;
die "Error: $error\nUsage: " . $self->_usage_text;
}
sub _usage_text {
my ($self) = @_;
my $text = $self->usage->text;
$text =~ s/\A(\s+)/!/;
return $text;
}
1;
__END__
=pod
=head1 NAME
App::Cmd - write command line apps with less suffering
=head1 VERSION
version 0.322
=head1 SYNOPSIS
in F<yourcmd>:
use YourApp;
YourApp->run;
in F<YourApp.pm>:
package YourApp;
use App::Cmd::Setup -app;
1;
in F<YourApp/Command/blort.pm>:
package YourApp::Command::blort;
use YourApp -command;
use strict; use warnings;
sub opt_spec {
return (
[ "blortex|X", "use the blortex algorithm" ],
[ "recheck|r", "recheck all results" ],
);
}
sub validate_args {
my ($self, $opt, $args) = @_;
# no args allowed but options!
$self->usage_error("No args allowed") if @$args;
}
sub execute {
my ($self, $opt, $args) = @_;
my $result = $opt->{blortex} ? blortex() : blort();
recheck($result) if $opt->{recheck};
print $result;
}
and, finally, at the command line:
knight!rjbs$ yourcmd blort --recheck
All blorts successful.
=head1 DESCRIPTION
App::Cmd is intended to make it easy to write complex command-line applications
without having to think about most of the annoying things usually involved.
For information on how to start using App::Cmd, see L<App::Cmd::Tutorial>.
=head1 METHODS
=head2 new
my $cmd = App::Cmd->new(\%arg);
This method returns a new App::Cmd object. During initialization, command
plugins will be loaded.
Valid arguments are:
no_commands_plugin - if true, the command list plugin is not added
no_help_plugin - if true, the help plugin is not added
no_version_plugin - if true, the version plugin is not added
plugin_search_path - The path to search for commands in. Defaults to
results of plugin_search_path method
If C<no_commands_plugin> is not given, L<App::Cmd::Command::commands> will be
required, and it will be registered to handle all of its command names not
handled by other plugins.
If C<no_help_plugin> is not given, L<App::Cmd::Command::help> will be required,
and it will be registered to handle all of its command names not handled by
other plugins. B<Note:> "help" is the default command, so if you do not load
the default help plugin, you should provide your own or override the
C<default_command> method.
If C<no_version_plugin> is not given, L<App::Cmd::Command::version> will be
required to show the application's version with command C<--version>. The
version command is not included in the command list.
=head2 run
$cmd->run;
This method runs the application. If called the class, it will instantiate a
new App::Cmd object to run.
It determines the requested command (generally by consuming the first
command-line argument), finds the plugin to handle that command, parses the
remaining arguments according to that plugin's rules, and runs the plugin.
It passes the contents of the global argument array (C<@ARGV>) to
L</C<prepare_command>>, but C<@ARGV> is not altered by running an App::Cmd.
=head2 prepare_args
Normally App::Cmd uses C<@ARGV> for its commandline arguments. You can override
this method to change that behavior for testing or otherwise.
=head2 default_args
If C<L</prepare_args>> is not changed and there are no arguments in C<@ARGV>,
this method is called and should return an arrayref to be used as the arguments
to the program. By default, it returns an empty arrayref.
=head2 arg0
=head2 full_arg0
my $program_name = $app->arg0;
my $full_program_name = $app->full_arg0;
These methods return the name of the program invoked to run this application.
This is determined by inspecting C<$0> when the App::Cmd object is
instantiated, so it's probably correct, but doing weird things with App::Cmd
could lead to weird values from these methods.
If the program was run like this:
knight!rjbs$ ~/bin/rpg dice 3d6
Then the methods return:
arg0 - rpg
full_arg0 - /Users/rjbs/bin/rpg
These values are captured when the App::Cmd object is created, so it is safe to
assign to C<$0> later.
=head2 prepare_command
my ($cmd, $opt, @args) = $app->prepare_command(@ARGV);
This method will load the plugin for the requested command, use its options to
parse the command line arguments, and eventually return everything necessary to
actually execute the command.
=head2 default_command
This method returns the name of the command to run if none is given on the
command line. The default default is "help"
=head2 execute_command
$app->execute_command($cmd, \%opt, @args);
This method will invoke C<validate_args> and then C<run> on C<$cmd>.
=head2 plugin_search_path
This method returns the plugin_search_path as set. The default implementation,
if called on "YourApp::Cmd" will return "YourApp::Cmd::Command"
This is a method because it's fun to override it with, for example:
use constant plugin_search_path => __PACKAGE__;
=head2 allow_any_unambiguous_abbrev
If this method returns true (which, by default, it does I<not>), then any
unambiguous abbreviation for a registered command name will be allowed as a
means to use that command. For example, given the following commands:
reticulate
reload
rasterize
Then the user could use C<ret> for C<reticulate> or C<ra> for C<rasterize> and
so on.
=head2 global_options
if ($cmd->app->global_options->{verbose}) { ... }
This method returns the running application's global options as a hashref. If
there are no options specified, an empty hashref is returned.
=head2 set_global_options
$app->set_global_options(\%opt);
This method sets the global options.
=head2 command_names
my @names = $cmd->command_names;
This returns the commands names which the App::Cmd object will handle.
=head2 command_plugins
my @plugins = $cmd->command_plugins;
This method returns the package names of the plugins that implement the
App::Cmd object's commands.
=head2 plugin_for
my $plugin = $cmd->plugin_for($command);
This method returns the plugin (module) for the given command. If no plugin
implements the command, it returns false.
=head2 get_command
my ($command_name, $opt, @args) = $app->get_command(@args);
Process arguments and into a command name and (optional) global options.
=head2 usage
print $self->app->usage->text;
Returns the usage object for the global options.
=head2 usage_desc
The top level usage line. Looks something like
"yourapp <command> [options]"
=head2 global_opt_spec
Returns an empty list. Can be overridden for pre-dispatch option processing.
This is useful for flags like --verbose.
=head2 usage_error
$self->usage_error("Something's wrong!");
Used to die with nice usage output, during C<validate_args>.
=head1 TODO
=over 4
=item *
publish and bring in Log::Speak (simple quiet/verbose output)
=item *
publish and use our internal enhanced describe_options
=item *
publish and use our improved simple input routines
=back
=head1 AUTHOR
Ricardo Signes <rjbs@cpan.org>
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Ricardo Signes.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
=cut