##
## Jeffrey Friedl (jfriedl@omron.co.jp)
## Copyri.... ah hell, just take it.
##
## This is "www.pl".
## Include (require) to use, execute ("perl www.pl") to print a man page.
## Requires my 'network.pl' library.
package www;
$version = "951219.9";
##
## 951219.9
## -- oops, stopped sending garbage Authorization line when no
## authorization was requested.
##
## 951114.8
## -- added support for HEAD, If-Modified-Since
##
## 951017.7
## -- Change to allow a POST'ed HTTP text to have newlines in it.
## Added 'NewURL to the open_http_connection %info. Idea courtesy
## of Bryan Schmersal (http://www.transarc.com/~bryans/Home.html).
##
##
## 950921.6
## -- added more robust HTTP error reporting
## (due to steven_campbell@uk.ibm.com)
##
## 950911.5
## -- added Authorization support
##
##
## HTTP return status codes.
##
%http_return_code =
(200,"OK",
201,"Created",
202,"Accepted",
203,"Partial Information",
204,"No Response",
301,"Moved",
302,"Found",
303,"Method",
304,"Not modified",
400,"Bad request",
401,"Unauthorized",
402,"Payment required",
403,"Forbidden",
404,"Not found",
500,"Internal error",
501,"Not implemented",
502,"Service temporarily overloaded",
503,"Gateway timeout");
##
## If executed directly as a program, print as a man page.
##
if (length($0) >= 6 && substr($0, -6) eq 'www.pl')
{
seek(DATA, 0, 0) || die "$0: can't reset internal pointer.\n";
print "www.pl version $version\n", '=' x 60, "\n";
while (<DATA>) {
next unless /^##>/../^##</; ## select lines to print
s/^##[<> ]?//; ## clean up
print;
}
exit(0);
}
##
## History:
## version 950425.4
## added require for "network.pl"
##
## version 950425.3
## re-did from "Www.pl" which was a POS.
##
##
## BLURB:
## A group of routines for dealing with URLs, HTTP sessions, proxies, etc.
## Requires my 'network.pl' package. The library file can be executed
## directly to produce a man page.
##>
## A motley group of routines for dealing with URLs, HTTP sessions, proxies,
## etc. Requires my 'network.pl' package.
##
## Latest version, as well as other stuff (including network.pl) available
## at http://www.wg.omron.co.jp/~jfriedl/perl/
##
## Simpleton complete program to dump a URL given on the command-line:
##
## require 'network.pl'; ## required for www.pl
## require 'www.pl'; ## main routines
## $URL = shift; ## get URL
## ($status, $memo) = &www'open_http_url(*IN, $URL); ## connect
## die "$memo\n" if $status ne 'ok'; ## report any error
## print while <IN>; ## dump contents
##
## There are various options available for open_http_url.
## For example, adding 'quiet' to the call, i.e. vvvvvvv-----added
## ($status, $memo) = &www'open_http_url(*IN, $URL, 'quiet');
## suppresses the normal informational messages such as "waiting for data...".
##
## The options, as well as the various other public routines in the package,
## are discussed below.
##
##<
##
## Default port for the protocols whose URL we'll at least try to recognize.
##
%default_port = ('http', 80,
'ftp', 21,
'gopher', 70,
'telnet', 23,
'wais', 210,
);
##
## A "URL" to "ftp.blah.com" without a protocol specified is probably
## best reached via ftp. If the hostname begins with a protocol name, it's
## easy. But something like "www." maps to "http", so that mapping is below:
##
%name2protocol = (
'www', 'http',
'wwwcgi','http',
);
$last_message_length = 0;
$useragent = "www.pl/$version";
##
##>
##############################################################################
## routine: open_http_url
##
## Used as
## ($status, $memo, %info) = &www'open_http_url(*FILEHANDLE, $URL, options..)
##
## Given an unused filehandle, a URL, and a list of options, opens a socket
## to the URL and returns with the filehandle ready to read the data of the
## URL. The HTTP header, as well as other information, is returned in %info.
##
## OPTIONS are from among:
##
## "post"
## If PATH appears to be a query (i.e. has a ? in it), contact
## via a POST rather than a GET.
##
## "nofollow"
## Normally, if the initial contact indicates that the URL has moved
## to a different location, the new location is automatically contacted.
## "nofollow" inhibits this.
##
## "noproxy"
## Normally, a proxy will be used if 'http_proxy' is defined in the
## environment. This option inhibits the use of a proxy.
##
## "retry"
## If a host's address can't be found, it may well be because the
## nslookup just didn't return in time and that retrying the lookup
## after a few seconds will succeed. If this option is given, will
## wait five seconds and try again. May be given multiple times to
## retry multiple times.
##
## "quiet"
## Informational messages will be suppressed.
##
## "debug"
## Additional messages will be printed.
##
## "head"
## Requests only the file header to be sent
##
##
##
##
## The return array is ($STATUS, $MEMO, %INFO).
##
## STATUS is 'ok', 'error', 'status', or 'follow'
##
## If 'error', the MEMO will indicate why (URL was not http, can't
## connect, etc.). INFO is probably empty, but may have some data.
## See below.
##
## If 'status', the connnection was made but the reply was not a normal
## "OK" successful reply (i.e. "Not found", etc.). MEMO is a note.
## INFO is filled as noted below. Filehandle is ready to read (unless
## $info{'BODY'} is filled -- see below), but probably most useful
## to treat this as an 'error' response.
##
## If 'follow', MEMO is the new URL (for when 'nofollow' was used to
## turn off automatic following) and INFO is filled as described
## below. Unless you wish to give special treatment to these types of
## responses, you can just treat 'follow' responses like 'ok'
## responses.
##
## If 'ok', the connection went well and the filehandle is ready to
## read.
##
## INFO contains data as described at the read_http_header() function (in
## short, the HTTP response header) and additional informational fields.
## In addition, the following fields are filled in which describe the raw
## connection made or attempted:
##
## PROTOCOL, HOST, PORT, PATH
##
## Note that if a proxy is being used, these will describe the proxy.
## The field TARGET will describe the host or host:port ultimately being
## contacted. When no proxy is being used, this will be the same info as
## in the raw connection fields above. However, if a proxy is being used,
## it will refer to the final target.
##
## In some cases, the additional entry $info{'BODY'} exists as well. If
## the result-code indicates an error, the body of the message may be
## parsed for internal reasons (i.e. to support 'repeat'), and if so, it
## will be saved in $info{'BODY}.
##
## If the URL has moved, $info{'NewURL'} will exist and contain the new
## URL. This will be true even if the 'nofollow' option is specified.
##
##<
##
sub open_http_url
{
local(*HTTP, $URL, @options) = @_;
return &open_http_connection(*HTTP, $URL, undef, undef, undef, @options);
}
##
##>
##############################################################################
## routine: read_http_header
##
## Given a filehandle to a just-opened HTTP socket connection (such as one
## created via &network'connect_to which has had the HTTP request sent),
## reads the HTTP header and and returns the parsed info.
##
## ($replycode, %info) = &read_http_header(*FILEHANDLE);
##
## $replycode will be the HTTP reply code as described below, or
## zero on header-read error.
##
## %info contains two types of fields:
##
## Upper-case fields are informational from the function.
## Lower-case fields are the header field/value pairs.
##
## Upper-case fields:
##
## $info{'STATUS'} will be the first line read (HTTP status line)
##
## $info{'CODE'} will be the numeric HTTP reply code from that line.
## This is also returned as $replycode.
##
## $info{'TYPE'} is the text from the status line that follows CODE.
##
## $info{'HEADER'} will be the raw text of the header (sans status line),
## newlines and all.
##
## $info{'UNKNOWN'}, if defined, will be any header lines not in the
## field/value format used to fill the lower-case fields of %info.
##
## Lower-case fields are reply-dependent, but in general are described
## in http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/Object_Headers.html
##
## A header line such as
## Content-type: Text/Plain
## will appear as $info{'content-type'} = 'Text/Plain';
##
## (*) Note that while the field names are are lower-cased, the field
## values are left as-is.
##
##
## When $replycode is zero, there are two possibilities:
## $info{'TYPE'} is 'empty'
## No response was received from the filehandle before it was closed.
## No other %info fields present.
## $info{'TYPE'} is 'unknown'
## First line of the response doesn't seem to be proper HTTP.
## $info{'STATUS'} holds that line. No other %info fields present.
##
## The $replycode, when not zero, is as described at
## http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/HTRESP.html
##
## Some of the codes:
##
## success 2xx
## ok 200
## created 201
## accepted 202
## partial information 203
## no response 204
## redirection 3xx
## moved 301
## found 302
## method 303
## not modified 304
## error 4xx, 5xx
## bad request 400
## unauthorized 401
## paymentrequired 402
## forbidden 403
## not found 404
## internal error 500
## not implemented 501
## service temporarily overloaded 502
## gateway timeout 503
##
##<
##
sub read_http_header
{
local(*HTTP) = @_;
local(%info, $_);
##
## The first line of the response will be the status (OK, error, etc.)
##
unless (defined($info{'STATUS'} = <HTTP>)) {
$info{'TYPE'} = "empty";
return (0, %info);
}
chop $info{'STATUS'};
##
## Check the status line. If it doesn't match and we don't know the
## format, we'll just let it pass and hope for the best.
##
unless ($info{'STATUS'} =~ m/^HTTP\S+\s+(\d\d\d)\s+(.*\S)/i) {
$info{'TYPE'} = 'unknown';
return (0, %info);
}
$info{'CODE'} = $1;
$info{'TYPE'} = $2;
$info{'HEADER'} = '';
## read the rest of the header.
while (<HTTP>) {
last if m/^\s*$/;
$info{'HEADER'} .= $_; ## save whole text of header.
if (m/^([^\n:]+):[ \t]*(.*\S)/) {
local($field, $value) = ("\L$1", $2);
if (defined $info{$field}) {
$info{$field} .= "\n" . $value;
} else {
$info{$field} = $value;
}
} elsif (defined $info{'UNKNOWN'}) {
$info{'UNKNOWN'} .= $_;
} else {
$info{'UNKNOWN'} = $_;
}
}
return ($info{'CODE'}, %info);
}
##
##>
##
##############################################################################
## routine: grok_URL(URL, noproxy, defaultprotocol)
##
## Given a URL, returns access information. Deals with
## http, wais, gopher, ftp, and telnet
## URLs.
##
## Information returned is
## (PROTOCOL, HOST, PORT, PATH, TARGET, USER, PASSWORD)
##
## If noproxy is not given (or false) and there is a proxy defined
## for the given protocol (via the "*_proxy" environmental variable),
## the returned access information will be for the proxy and will
## reference the given URL. In this case, 'TARGET' will be the
## HOST:PORT of the original URL (PORT elided if it's the default port).
##
## Access information returned:
## PROTOCOL: "http", "ftp", etc. (guaranteed to be lowercase).
## HOST: hostname or address as given.
## PORT: port to access
## PATH: path of resource on HOST:PORT.
## TARGET: (see above)
## USER and PASSWORD: for 'ftp' and 'telnet' URLs, if supplied by the
## URL these will be defined, undefined otherwise.
##
## If no protocol is defined via the URL, the defaultprotocol will be used
## if given. Otherwise, the URL's address will be checked for a leading
## protocol name (as with a leading "www.") and if found will be used.
## Otherwise, the protocol defaults to http.
##
## Fills in the appropriate default port for the protocol if need be.
##
## A proxy is defined by a per-protocol environmental variable such
## as http_proxy. For example, you might have
## setenv http_proxy http://firewall:8080/
## setenv ftp_proxy $http_proxy
## to set it up.
##
## A URL seems to be officially described at
## http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/URL/5_BNF.html
## although that document is a joke of errors.
##
##<
##
sub grok_URL
{
local($_, $noproxy, $defaultprotocol) = @_;
$noproxy = defined($noproxy) && $noproxy;
## Items to be filled in and returned.
local($protocol, $address, $port, $path, $target, $user, $password);
return undef unless m%^(([a-zA-Z]+)://|/*)([^/]+)(/.*)?$%;
##
## Due to a bug in some versions of perl5, $2 might not be empty
## even if $1 is. Therefore, we must check $1 for a : to see if the
## protocol stuff matched or not. If not, the protocol is undefined.
##
($protocol, $address, $path) = ((index($1,":") >= 0 ? $2 : undef), $3, $4);
if (!defined $protocol)
{
##
## Choose a default protocol if none given. If address begins with
## a protocol name (one that we know via %name2protocol or
## %default_port), choose it. Otherwise, choose http.
##
if (defined $defaultprotocol) {
$protocol = $defaultprotocol;
}
else
{
$address =~ m/^[a-zA-Z]+/;
if (defined($name2protocol{"\L$&"})) {
$protocol = $name2protocol{"\L$&"};
} else {
$protocol = defined($default_port{"\L$&"}) ? $& : 'http';
}
}
}
$protocol =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; ## ensure lower-case.
##
## Http support here probably not kosher, but fits in nice for basic
## authorization.
##
if ($protocol eq 'ftp' || $protocol eq 'telnet' || $protocol eq 'http')
{
## Glean a username and password from address, if there.
## There if address starts with USER[:PASSWORD]@
if ($address =~ s/^(([^\@:]+)(:([^@]+))?\@)//) {
($user, $password) = ($2, $4);
}
}
##
## address left is (HOSTNAME|HOSTNUM)[:PORTNUM]
##
if ($address =~ s/:(\d+)$//) {
$port = $1;
} else {
$port = $default_port{$protocol};
}
## default path is '/';
$path = '/' if !defined $path;
##
## If there's a proxy and we're to proxy this request, do so.
##
local($proxy) = $ENV{$protocol."_proxy"};
if (!$noproxy && defined($proxy) && !&no_proxy($protocol,$address))
{
local($dummy);
local($old_pass, $old_user);
##
## Since we're going through a proxy, we want to send the
## proxy the entire URL that we want. However, when we're
## doing Authenticated HTTP, we need to take out the user:password
## that webget has encoded in the URL (this is a bit sleazy on
## the part of webget, but the alternative is to have flags, and
## having them part of the URL like with FTP, etc., seems a bit
## cleaner to me in the context of how webget is used).
##
## So, if we're doing this slezy thing, we need to construct
## the new URL from the compnents we have now (leaving out password
## and user), decode the proxy URL, then return the info for
## that host, a "filename" of the entire URL we really want, and
## the user/password from the original URL.
##
## For all other things, we can just take the original URL,
## ensure it has a protocol on it, and pass it as the "filename"
## we want to the proxy host. The difference between reconstructing
## the URL (as for HTTP Authentication) and just ensuring the
## protocol is there is, except for the user/password stuff,
## nothing. In theory, at least.
##
if ($protocol eq 'http' && (defined($password) || defined($user)))
{
$path = "http://$address$path";
$old_pass = $password;
$old_user = $user;
} else {
## Re-get original URL and ensure protocol// actually there.
## This will become our new path.
($path = $_) =~ s,^($protocol:)?/*,$protocol://,i;
}
## note what the target will be
$target = ($port==$default_port{$protocol})?$address:"$address:$port";
## get proxy info, discarding
($protocol, $address, $port, $dummy, $dummy, $user, $password)
= &grok_URL($proxy, 1);
$password = $old_pass if defined $old_pass;
$user = $old_user if defined $old_user;
}
($protocol, $address, $port, $path, $target, $user, $password);
}
##
## &no_proxy($protocol, $host)
##
## Returns true if the specified host is identified in the no_proxy
## environmental variable, or identify the proxy server itself.
##
sub no_proxy
{
local($protocol, $targethost) = @_;
local(@dests, $dest, $host, @hosts, $aliases);
local($proxy) = $ENV{$protocol."_proxy"};
return 0 if !defined $proxy;
$targethost =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; ## ensure all lowercase;
@dests = ($proxy);
push(@dests,split(/\s*,\s*/,$ENV{'no_proxy'})) if defined $ENV{'no_proxy'};
foreach $dest (@dests)
{
## just get the hostname
$host = (&grok_URL($dest, 1), 'http')[1];
if (!defined $host) {
warn "can't grok [$dest] from no_proxy env.var.\n";
next;
}
@hosts = ($host); ## throw in original name just to make sure
($host, $aliases) = (gethostbyname($host))[0, 1];
if (defined $aliases) {
push(@hosts, ($host, split(/\s+/, $aliases)));
} else {
push(@hosts, $host);
}
foreach $host (@hosts) {
next if !defined $host;
return 1 if "\L$host" eq $targethost;
}
}
return 0;
}
sub ensure_proper_network_library
{
require 'network.pl' if !defined $network'version;
warn "WARNING:\n". __FILE__ .
qq/ needs a newer version of "network.pl"\n/ if
!defined($network'version) || $network'version < "950311.5";
}
##
##>
##############################################################################
## open_http_connection(*FILEHANDLE, HOST, PORT, PATH, TARGET, OPTIONS...)
##
## Opens an HTTP connection to HOST:PORT and requests PATH.
## TARGET is used only for informational messages to the user.
##
## If PORT and PATH are undefined, HOST is taken as an http URL and TARGET
## is filled in as needed.
##
## Otherwise, it's the same as open_http_url (including return value, etc.).
##<
##
sub open_http_connection
{
local(*HTTP, $host, $port, $path, $target, @options) = @_;
local($post_text, @error, %seen);
local(%info);
&ensure_proper_network_library;
## options allowed:
local($post, $retry, $authorization, $nofollow, $noproxy,
$head, $debug, $ifmodifiedsince, $quiet, ) = (0) x 10;
## parse options:
foreach $opt (@options)
{
next unless defined($opt) && $opt ne '';
local($var, $val);
if ($opt =~ m/^(\w+)=(.*)/) {
($var, $val) = ($1, $2);
} else {
$var = $opt;
$val = 1;
}
$var =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; ## ensure variable is lowercase.
local(@error);
eval "if (defined \$$var) { \$$var = \$val; } else { \@error =
('error', 'bad open_http_connection option [$opt]'); }";
return ('error', "open_http_connection eval: $@") if $@;
return @error if defined @error;
}
$quiet = 0 if $debug; ## debug overrides quiet
local($protocol, $error, $code, $URL, %info, $tmp, $aite);
##
## if both PORT and PATH are undefined, treat HOST as a URL.
##
unless (defined($port) && defined($path))
{
($protocol,$host,$port,$path,$target)=&grok_URL($host,$noproxy,'http');
if ($protocol ne "http") {
return ('error',"open_http_connection doesn't grok [$protocol]");
}
unless (defined($host)) {
return ('error', "can't grok [$URL]");
}
}
return ('error', "no port in URL [$URL]") unless defined $port;
return ('error', "no path in URL [$URL]") unless defined $path;
RETRY: while(1)
{
## we'll want $URL around for error messages and such.
if ($port == $default_port{'http'}) {
$URL = "http://$host";
} else {
$URL = "http://$host:$default_port{'http'}";
}
$URL .= ord($path) eq ord('/') ? $path : "/$path";
$aite = defined($target) ? "$target via $host" : $host;
&message($debug, "connecting to $aite ...") unless $quiet;
##
## note some info that might be of use to the caller.
##
local(%preinfo) = (
'PROTOCOL', 'http',
'HOST', $host,
'PORT', $port,
'PATH', $path,
);
if (defined $target) {
$preinfo{'TARGET'} = $target;
} elsif ($default_port{'http'} == $port) {
$preinfo{'TARGET'} = $host;
} else {
$preinfo{'TARGET'} = "$host:$port";
}
## connect to the site
$error = &network'connect_to(*HTTP, $host, $port);
if (defined $error) {
return('error', "can't connect to $aite: $error", %preinfo);
}
## If we're asked to POST and it looks like a POST, note post text.
if ($post && $path =~ m/\?/) {
$post_text = $'; ## everything after the '?'
$path = $`; ## everything before the '?'
}
## send the POST or GET request
$tmp = $head ? 'HEAD' : (defined $post_text ? 'POST' : 'GET');
&message($debug, "sending request to $aite ...") if !$quiet;
print HTTP $tmp, " $path HTTP/1.0\n";
## send the If-Modified-Since field if needed.
if ($ifmodifiedsince) {
print HTTP "If-Modified-Since: $ifmodifiedsince\n";
}
## oh, let's sputter a few platitudes.....
print HTTP "Accept: */*\n";
print HTTP "User-Agent: $useragent\n" if defined $useragent;
## If doing Authorization, do so now.
if ($authorization) {
print HTTP "Authorization: Basic ",
&htuu_encode($authorization), "\n";
}
## If it's a post, send it.
if (defined $post_text)
{
print HTTP "Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n";
print HTTP "Content-length: ", length $post_text, "\n\n";
print HTTP $post_text, "\n";
}
print HTTP "\n";
&message($debug, "waiting for data from $aite ...") unless $quiet;
## we can now read the response (header, then body) via HTTP.
binmode(HTTP); ## just in case.
($code, %info) = &read_http_header(*HTTP);
&message(1, "header returns code $code ($info{'TYPE'})") if $debug;
## fill in info from %preinfo
local($val, $key);
while (($val, $key) = each %preinfo) {
$info{$val} = $key;
}
if ($code == 0)
{
return('error',"empty response for $URL")
if $info{'TYPE'} eq 'empty';
return('error', "non-HTTP response for $URL", %info)
if $info{'TYPE'} eq 'unknown';
return('error', "unknown zero-code for $URL", %info);
}
if ($code == 302) ## 302 is magic for "Found"
{
if (!defined $info{'location'}) {
return('error', "No location info for Found URL $URL", %info);
}
local($newURL) = $info{'location'};
## Remove :80 from hostname, if there. Looks ugly.
$newURL =~ s,^(http:/+[^/:]+):80/,$1/,i;
$info{"NewURL"} = $newURL;
## if we're not following links or if it's not to HTTP, return.
return('follow', $newURL, %info) if
$nofollow || $newURL!~m/^http:/i;
## note that we've seen this current URL.
$seen{$host, $port, $path} = 1;
&message(1, qq/[note: now moved to "$newURL"]/) unless $quiet;
## get the new one and return an error if it's been seen.
($protocol, $host, $port, $path, $target) =
&www'grok_URL($newURL, $noproxy);
&message(1, "[$protocol][$host][$port][$path]") if $debug;
if (defined $seen{$host, $port, $path})
{
return('error', "circular reference among:\n ".
join("\n ", sort grep(/^http/i, keys %seen)), %seen);
}
next RETRY;
}
elsif ($code == 500) ## 500 is magic for "internal error"
{
##
## A proxy will often return this with text saying "can't find
## host" when in reality it's just because the nslookup returned
## null at the time. Such a thing should be retied again after a
## few seconds.
##
if ($retry)
{
local($_) = $info{'BODY'} = join('', <HTTP>);
if (/Can't locate remote host:\s*(\S+)/i) {
local($times) = ($retry == 1) ?
"once more" : "up to $retry more times";
&message(0, "can't locate $1, will try $times ...")
unless $quiet;
sleep(5);
$retry--;
next RETRY;
}
}
}
if ($code != 200) ## 200 is magic for "OK";
{
## I'll deal with these as I see them.....
&clear_message;
if ($info{'TYPE'} eq '')
{
if (defined $http_return_code{$code}) {
$info{'TYPE'} = $http_return_code{$code};
} else {
$info{'TYPE'} = "(unknown status code $code)";
}
}
return ('status', $info{'TYPE'}, %info);
}
&clear_message;
return ('ok', 'ok', %info);
}
}
##
## Hyper Text UUencode. Somewhat different from regular uuencode.
##
## Logic taken from Mosaic for X code by Mark Riordan and Ari Luotonen.
##
sub htuu_encode
{
local(@in) = unpack("C*", $_[0]);
local(@out);
push(@in, 0, 0); ## in case we need to round off an odd byte or two
while (@in >= 3) {
##
## From the next three input bytes,
## construct four encoded output bytes.
##
push(@out, $in[0] >> 2);
push(@out, (($in[0] << 4) & 060) | (($in[1] >> 4) & 017));
push(@out, (($in[1] << 2) & 074) | (($in[2] >> 6) & 003));
push(@out, $in[2] & 077);
splice(@in, 0, 3); ## remove these three
}
##
## @out elements are now indices to the string below. Convert to
## the appropriate actual text.
##
foreach $new (@out) {
$new = substr(
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/",
$new, 1);
}
if (@in == 2) {
## the two left over are the two extra nulls, so we encoded the proper
## amount as-is.
} elsif (@in == 1) {
## We encoded one extra null too many. Undo it.
$out[$#out] = '=';
} else {
## We must have encoded two nulls... Undo both.
$out[$#out ] = '=';
$out[$#out -1] = '=';
}
join('', @out);
}
##
## This message stuff really shouldn't be here, but in some seperate library.
## Sorry.
##
## Called as &message(SAVE, TEXT ....), it shoves the text to the screen.
## If SAVE is true, bumps the text out as a printed line. Otherwise,
## will shove out without a newline so that the next message overwrites it,
## or it is clearded via &clear_message().
##
sub message
{
local($nl) = shift;
die "oops $nl." unless $nl =~ m/^\d+$/;
local($text) = join('', @_);
local($NL) = $nl ? "\n" : "\r";
$thislength = length($text);
if ($thislength >= $last_message_length) {
print STDERR $text, $NL;
} else {
print STDERR $text, ' 'x ($last_message_length-$thislength), $NL;
}
$last_message_length = $nl ? 0 : $thislength;
}
sub clear_message
{
if ($last_message_length) {
print STDERR ' ' x $last_message_length, "\r";
$last_message_length = 0;
}
}
1;
__END__