Ää Ëë Ḧḧ Ï ï N̈n̈ Öö T̈ẗ Üü Ẅẅ Ẍẍ Ÿÿ
Ä ä
Ǟ ǟ
Ë ë
Ḧ ḧ
Ï ï
Ḯ ḯ
M̈ m̈
Ö ö
Ȫ ȫ
Ṏ ṏ
P̈ p̈
T̈ ẗ
Ü ü
Ǖ ǖ
Ǘ ǘ
Ǚ ǚ
Ǜ ǜ
Ṳ ṳ
Ṻ ṻ
V̈ v̈
Ẅ ẅ
Ẍ ẍ
Ÿ ÿ
Ő ő
Ű ű
short a e i o ö u ü
long á é í ó ő ú ű
a, à /a/ patte, arable, là /ɑ/ araser, base
ai /ɛ/
/e/ caisse, faite
baisser, aiguille
aie /ɛ/ baie
aou /u/ saoul, Août
au /o/ haut, augure /ɔ/ sauropode
ay /ei/ pays
e non-finally /e/ essence /ɛ/
/ə/ est, estival
repeser /a/ solennel
finally Ø caisse, unique /ə/ que
é, ée /e/ clé, échapper, idée
è /ɛ/ relève, zèle
eau /o/ eau, oiseaux
ei /ɛ/ neige, reine
eu /ø/ ceux, peu /œ/ jeune
i elsewhere /i/ ici, proscrire
before vowel /j/ fief, ionique, rien
-ie /i/ régie
o /ɔ/ opter, offre
œ /œ/ œil /e/ œsophage
œu /œ/ sœur, cœur
oi, oie /wa/ roi, oiseau, foie /ɔ/ oignon
ou elsewhere /u/ ouvrir, sous
before vowel /w/ ouest, couiner, oui
-oue /u/ roue
oy /waj/ moyen, royaume
u elsewhere /y/ tu, juge
before vowel /ɥ/ huit, tuer
-ue /y/ rue
y /i/ cyclone, style
-ps, -ts, etc. Ø draps, achats
b, bb elsewhere /b/ ballon, abbé
next to voiceless consonant /p/ absolu
ç /s/ ça, garçon
c before e, i, y /s/ cyclone, loquace, accès
elsewhere /k/ cabas, crasse, accord, lac Ø tabac
cc before e, i, y /ks/ accès
elsewhere /k/ accord
ch /ʃ/ chat, douche /k/ chaotique, chlore
cqu /k/ acquit, acquéreur
d, dd non-finally /d/ doux, adresse, addition
finally Ø pied, accord
f, ff /f/ fait, affoler
g, gg before e, i, y /ʒ/ gens, manger, suggérer
elsewhere /ɡ/ gain, glacier, aggravé
gn /ɲ/ montagne, agneau
h Ø habite, hiver
j /ʒ/ joue, jeter
l, ll non-finally /l/ lait, allier
finally Ø fusil,
m, mm /m/ mou, pomme
n, nn /n/ nouvel, panne
ng /ŋ/ parking, camping
p, pp non-finally /p/ pain, appel
finally Ø corp, trop
ph /f/ téléphone, photo
r, rr /ʁ/ rat, barre
s initially or next to
a voiceless consonant /s/ sacre, estime
medially elsewhere /z/ rose, paysage
finally Ø dans, repas
sc before e, i, y /s/ science
elsewhere /sk/ script
ss /s/ baisser, passer
t, tt non-finally /t/ tout, attente
finally Ø tant, raffut /t/ est (direction)
th /t/ thème, thermique
v /v/ ville, vanne
x next to
a voiceless consonant /ks/ expansion
medially elsewhere /ɡz/ exigence, exulter /s/
/z/ soixante
deuxième
finally Ø paix, deux /s/ six, dix
xc before e, i, y /ks/ exciter
elsewhere /ksk/ excavation
y /j/ yeux, yole
z non-finally /z/ zain, gazette
finally Ø chez /z/ gaz
Spelling Major value
(IPA) Examples of major value Minor values
(IPA) Examples of minor value Exceptions
aim, ain (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ faim, saint, bains
am, an, ang (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ ambiance, France, sang
aon (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ paon
ein (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ plein, vin, vingt
em, en (before consonant or finally) /ɑ̃/ embaucher, vent
-er /e/ aller, transporter /ɛʁ/ hiver
-es Ø Nantes, faites
ge /ʒ/ geai, mangea
gu /ɡ/ guerre
ien (before consonant or finally) /jɛ̃/ rien, chien
-il (after vowel) /j/ ail, conseil
-il (not after vowel) /il/ il, fil /i/ outil, fils, fusil
-ill- (after vowel) /j/ paille, nouille
-ill- (not after vowel) /ij/ grillage, bille /il/ million, village, ville
im, in, ing (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ importer, vin, vingt
oin, oing (before consonant or finally) /wɛ̃/ point, poing
om, on (before consonant or finally) /ɔ̃/ ombre, bon
qu /k/ quand, pourquoi
um, un (before consonant or finally) /œ̃/ parfum, brun
ym, yn (before consonant or finally) /ɛ̃/ sympa, syndrome