package Lingua::RO::Numbers;
#
## See: http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_zecimal#Denumiri_ale_numerelor
#
use utf8;
use strict;
use warnings;
require Exporter;
our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(number_to_ro ro_to_number);
=encoding utf8
=head1 NAME
Lingua::RO::Numbers - Converts numeric values into their Romanian string equivalents
=head1 VERSION
Version 0.18
=cut
our $VERSION = '0.18';
# Numbers => text
our %DIGITS;
@DIGITS{'0' .. '19'} = qw(
zero unu doi trei patru cinci șase șapte opt nouă zece
unsprezece
doisprezece
treisprezece
paisprezece
cincisprezece
șaisprezece
șaptesprezece
optsprezece
nouăsprezece
);
# Text => numbers
our %WORDS;
@WORDS{map { _remove_diacritics($_) } values %DIGITS} = keys %DIGITS;
@WORDS{qw(o un doua sai)} = (1, 1, 2, 6);
# This array contains number greater than 1000 and it's used to convert numbers into text
our @BIGNUMS = (
{num => 10**2, sg => 'suta', pl => 'sute', fem => 1},
{num => 10**3, sg => 'mie', pl => 'mii', fem => 1},
{num => 10**6, sg => 'milion', pl => 'milioane'},
{num => 10**9, sg => 'miliard', pl => 'miliarde'},
{num => 10**12, sg => 'bilion', pl => 'bilioane'},
{num => 10**15, sg => 'biliard', pl => 'biliarde'},
{num => 10**18, sg => 'trilion', pl => 'trilioane'},
{num => 10**21, sg => 'triliard', pl => 'triliarde'},
{num => 10**24, sg => 'cvadrilion', pl => 'cvadrilioane'},
{num => 10**27, sg => 'cvadriliard', pl => 'cvadriliarde'},
);
# This hash is a reversed version of the above array and it's used to convert text into numbers
our %BIGWORDS = (map { $_->{sg} => $_->{num}, $_->{pl} => $_->{num} } @BIGNUMS);
# Change 'suta' to 'sută'
$BIGNUMS[0]{'sg'} = 'sută';
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Lingua::RO::Numbers qw(number_to_ro ro_to_number);
print number_to_ro(315);
# prints: 'trei sute cincisprezece'
print ro_to_number('trei sute douazeci si cinci virgula doi');
# prints: 325.2
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Lingua::RO::Numbers converts arbitrary numbers into human-readable
Romanian text and viceversa, converting arbitrary Romanian text
into its corresponding numerical value.
=head2 EXPORT
Nothing is exported by default.
Only the functions B<number_to_ro()> and B<ro_to_number()> are exportable.
=over
=item B<new(;%opt)>
Initialize an object.
my $obj = Lingua::RO::Numbers->new();
is equivalent with:
my $obj = Lingua::RO::Numbers->new(
diacritics => 1,
invalid_number => undef,
negative_sign => 'minus',
decimal_point => 'virgulă',
thousands_separator => '',
infinity => 'infinit',
not_a_number => 'NaN',
);
=item B<number_to_ro($number)>
Converts a number to its Romanian string representation.
# Functional oriented usage
$string = number_to_ro($number);
$string = number_to_ro($number, %opts);
# Object oriented usage
my $obj = Lingua::RO::Numbers->new(%opts);
$string = $obj->number_to_ro($number);
# Example:
print number_to_ro(98_765, thousands_separator => q{,});
# says: 'nouăzeci și opt de mii, șapte sute șaizeci și cinci'
=item B<ro_to_number($text)>
Converts a Romanian text into its numeric value.
# Functional oriented usage
$number = ro_to_number($text);
$number = ro_to_number($text, %opts);
# Object oriented usage
my $obj = Lingua::RO::Numbers->new(%opts);
$number = $obj->ro_to_number($text);
# Example:
print ro_to_number('patruzeci si doi'); # says: 42
=back
=cut
sub new {
my ($class, %opts) = @_;
my $self = bless {
diacritics => 1,
invalid_number => undef,
negative_sign => 'minus',
decimal_point => 'virgulă',
thousands_separator => '',
infinity => 'infinit',
not_a_number => 'NaN',
}, $class;
foreach my $key (keys %{$self}) {
if (exists $opts{$key}) {
$self->{$key} = delete $opts{$key};
}
}
foreach my $invalid_key (keys %opts) {
warn "Invalid option: <$invalid_key>";
}
return $self;
}
# This function it's an interface to a private function
# which converts a mathematical number into its Romanian equivalent text.
sub number_to_ro {
my ($self, $number, %opts);
if (ref $_[0] eq __PACKAGE__) {
($self, $number) = @_;
}
else {
($number, %opts) = @_;
$self = __PACKAGE__->new(%opts);
}
my $word_number = $self->_number_to_ro($number);
if (not $self->{diacritics}) {
$word_number = _remove_diacritics($word_number);
}
# Return the text-number
$word_number;
}
# This function it's an interface to a private function
# which converts a Romanian text-number into its mathematical value.
sub ro_to_number {
my ($self, $text, %opts);
if (ref $_[0] eq __PACKAGE__) {
($self, $text) = @_;
}
else {
($text, %opts) = @_;
$self = __PACKAGE__->new(%opts);
}
( # Decode the text unless it is already UTF-8
$] >= 5.0080001 ? utf8::is_utf8($text) : do {
require Encode;
Encode::is_utf8($text);
}
)
|| do {
require Encode;
$text = Encode::decode_utf8($text);
};
# Return the number
$self->_ro_to_number($text);
}
# This function removes the Romanian diacritics from a given text.
sub _remove_diacritics {
my ($text) = @_;
$text =~ tr{ăâșțî}{aasti};
$text;
}
# This functions removes irrelevant characters from a text
sub _normalize_text {
# Lowercase and remove the diacritics
my $text = _remove_diacritics(lc(shift));
# Replace irrelevant characters with a space
$text =~ tr/a-z / /c;
# Return the normalized text
$text;
}
# This function adds together a list of numbers
sub _add_numbers {
my (@nums) = @_;
my $num = 0;
while (defined(my $i = shift @nums)) {
# When the current number is lower than the next number
if (@nums and $i < $nums[0]) {
my $n = shift @nums;
# This is a special case, where: int(log(1000)/log(10)) == 2
my $l = log($n) / log(10);
if (length($l) == length(int($l))) {
$l = sprintf('%.0f', $l);
}
# Factor (e.g.: 400 -> 4)
my $f = int($i / (10**int(log($i) / log(10))));
# When the next number is not really next to the current number
# e.g.: $i == 400 and $n == 5000 # should produce 405_000 not 45_000
if ((my $mod = length($n) % 3) != 0) {
$f *= 10**(3 - $mod);
}
# Join the numbers and continue
$num += 10**int($l) * $f + $n;
next;
}
$num += $i;
}
$num;
}
# This function converts a Romanian
# text-number into a mathematical number.
sub _ro_to_number {
my ($self, $text) = @_;
# When no text has been provided
if (not defined $text) {
return;
}
# If a thousand separator is defined, remove it from text
if (defined($self->{thousands_separator}) and length($self->{thousands_separator})) {
$text =~ s/\Q$self->{thousands_separator}\E/ /g;
}
# Split the text into words
my @words = split(' ', _normalize_text($text));
my $dec_point = _normalize_text($self->{decimal_point});
my $neg_sign = _normalize_text($self->{negative_sign});
my @nums; # numbers
my @decs; # decimal numbers
my $neg = 0; # bool -- true when the number is negative
my $adec = 0; # bool -- true after the decimal point
my $amount = 0; # int -- current number
my $factor = 1; # int -- multiplication factor
if (@words) {
# Check for negative numbers
if ($words[0] eq $neg_sign) {
$neg = 1;
shift @words;
}
# Check for infinity and NaN
if (@words == 1) {
# Infinity
my $inf = _normalize_text($self->{infinity});
if ($words[0] eq $inf) {
return $neg ? -9**9**9 : 9**9**9;
}
# Not a number
my $nan = _normalize_text($self->{not_a_number});
if ($words[0] eq $nan) {
return -sin(9**9**9);
}
}
}
# Iterate over the @words
while (
@words and (
# It's a small number (lower than 100)
do {
$factor = exists($WORDS{$words[0]}) ? 1 : $words[0] =~ s/zeci\z// ? 10 : 0;
$factor && do { $amount = shift @words };
$factor;
}
# It's a big number (e.g.: milion)
or @words && exists($BIGWORDS{$words[0]}) && do {
$factor = $BIGWORDS{shift @words};
}
# Ignore invalid words
or do {
shift @words;
next;
}
)
) {
# Take and multiply the current number
my $num =
exists($WORDS{$amount})
? $WORDS{$amount} * $factor
: next; # skip invalid words
# Check for some word-joining tokens
if (@words) {
if ($words[0] eq 'si') { # e.g.: patruzeci si doi
shift @words;
$num += $WORDS{shift @words};
}
if (@words) {
{
if ($words[0] eq 'de') { # e.g.: o suta de mii
shift @words;
}
if (exists $BIGWORDS{$words[0]}) {
$num *= $BIGWORDS{shift @words};
}
if (@words && $words[0] eq 'de') {
redo;
}
}
}
}
# If we are after the decimal point, store the
# numbers in @decs, otherwise store them in @nums.
$adec ? push(@decs, $num) : push(@nums, $num);
# Check for the decimal point
if (@words and $words[0] eq $dec_point) {
$adec = 1;
shift @words;
}
}
# Return undef when no number has been converted
@nums || return;
# Add all the numbers together (if any)
my $num = _add_numbers(@nums);
# If the number contains decimals,
# add them at the end of the number
if (@decs) {
# Special case -- check for leading zeros
my $zeros = '';
while (@decs and $decs[0] == 0) {
$zeros .= shift(@decs);
}
$num .= '.' . $zeros . _add_numbers(@decs);
}
# Return the number
$neg ? -$num : $num + 0;
}
# This function converts numbers
# into their Romanian equivalent text.
sub _number_to_ro {
my ($self, $number) = @_;
my @words;
if (exists $DIGITS{$number}) { # example: 8
push @words, $DIGITS{$number};
}
elsif (lc($number + 0) eq 'nan') { # not a number (NaN)
return $self->{not_a_number};
}
elsif ($number < 0) { # example: -43
push @words, $self->{negative_sign};
push @words, $self->_number_to_ro(abs($number));
}
elsif ($number != int($number)) { # example: 0.123 or 12.43
my $l = length($number) - 2;
if ((length($number) - length(int $number) - 1) < 1) { # special case
push @words, $self->_number_to_ro(sprintf('%.0f', $number));
}
else {
push @words, $self->_number_to_ro(int $number);
push @words, $self->{decimal_point};
$number -= int $number;
until ($number == int($number)) {
$number *= 10;
$number = sprintf('%.*f', --$l, $number); # because of imprecise multiplication
push @words, $DIGITS{0} if $number < 1;
}
push @words, $self->_number_to_ro(int $number);
}
}
elsif ($number >= $BIGNUMS[0]{num}) { # i.e.: >= 100
foreach my $i (0 .. $#BIGNUMS - 1) {
my $j = $#BIGNUMS - $i;
if ($number >= $BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{num} && $number < $BIGNUMS[$j]{num}) {
my $cat = int $number / $BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{num};
$number -= $BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{num} * int($number / $BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{num});
my @of = $cat <= 2 ? () : do {
my @w = exists $DIGITS{$cat} ? $DIGITS{$cat} : ($self->_number_to_ro($cat), 'de');
if (@w > 2) {
$w[-2] = 'două' if $w[-2] eq $DIGITS{2};
}
@w;
};
if ($cat >= 100 && $cat < 1_000) {
my $rest = $cat - 100 * int($cat / 100);
if (@of and $rest != 0 and exists $DIGITS{$rest}) {
splice @of, -1; # remove 'de'
}
}
push @words,
$cat == 1 ? ($BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{fem} ? 'o' : 'un', $BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{sg})
: $cat == 2 ? ('două', $BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{pl})
: (@of, $BIGNUMS[$j - 1]{pl});
if ($number > 0) {
$words[-1] .= $self->{thousands_separator} if $BIGNUMS[$j]{num} > 1_000;
push @words, $self->_number_to_ro($number);
}
last;
}
}
}
elsif ($number > 19 && $number < 100) { # example: 42
my $cat = int $number / 10;
push @words, ($cat == 2 ? 'două' : $cat == 6 ? 'șai' : $DIGITS{$cat}) . 'zeci',
($number % 10 != 0 ? ('și', $DIGITS{$number % 10}) : ());
}
elsif ($number == 9**9**9) { # number is infinit
return $self->{infinity};
}
else { # doesn't look like a number
return $self->{invalid_number};
}
return wantarray ? @words : @words ? join(' ', @words) : ();
}
=head1 AUTHOR
Daniel "Trizen" Șuteu, C<< <trizenx at gmail.com> >>
=head1 BUGS
Please report any bugs or feature requests to C<bug-lingua-ro-numbers at rt.cpan.org>, or through
the web interface at L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Lingua-RO-Numbers>. I will be notified, and then you'll
automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes.
=head1 SUPPORT
You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
perldoc Lingua::RO::Numbers
You can also look for information at:
=over 4
=item * RT: CPAN's request tracker (report bugs here)
L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Lingua-RO-Numbers>
=item * AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation
L<http://annocpan.org/dist/Lingua-RO-Numbers>
=item * CPAN Ratings
L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Lingua-RO-Numbers>
=item * Search CPAN
L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Lingua-RO-Numbers/>
=back
=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_zecimal#Denumiri_ale_numerelor
=head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2013-2014 Daniel "Trizen" Șuteu.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the the Artistic License (2.0). You may obtain a
copy of the full license at:
L<http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0>
Any use, modification, and distribution of the Standard or Modified
Versions is governed by this Artistic License. By using, modifying or
distributing the Package, you accept this license. Do not use, modify,
or distribute the Package, if you do not accept this license.
If your Modified Version has been derived from a Modified Version made
by someone other than you, you are nevertheless required to ensure that
your Modified Version complies with the requirements of this license.
This license does not grant you the right to use any trademark, service
mark, tradename, or logo of the Copyright Holder.
This license includes the non-exclusive, worldwide, free-of-charge
patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import and
otherwise transfer the Package with respect to any patent claims
licensable by the Copyright Holder that are necessarily infringed by the
Package. If you institute patent litigation (including a cross-claim or
counterclaim) against any party alleging that the Package constitutes
direct or contributory patent infringement, then this Artistic License
to you shall terminate on the date that such litigation is filed.
Disclaimer of Warranty: THE PACKAGE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
YOUR LOCAL LAW. UNLESS REQUIRED BY LAW, NO COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
CONTRIBUTOR WILL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THE PACKAGE,
EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
=cut
1; # End of Lingua::RO::Numbers
__END__