package Dancer2::Core::Request;
# ABSTRACT: Interface for accessing incoming requests
$Dancer2::Core::Request::VERSION = '0.166001';
use strict;
use warnings;
use parent 'Plack::Request';
use Carp;
use Encode;
use HTTP::Body;
use URI;
use URI::Escape;
use Class::Load 'try_load_class';
use Safe::Isa;
use Hash::MultiValue;
use Dancer2::Core::Types;
use Dancer2::Core::Request::Upload;
use Dancer2::Core::Cookie;
# add an attribute for each HTTP_* variables
# (HOST is managed manually)
my @http_env_keys = (qw/
accept_charset
accept_encoding
accept_language
connection
keep_alive
x_requested_with
/);
# apparently you can't eval core functions
sub accept { $_[0]->env->{'HTTP_ACCEPT'} }
eval << "_EVAL" for @http_env_keys; ## no critic
sub $_ { \$_[0]->env->{ 'HTTP_' . ( uc $_ ) } }
_EVAL
# check presence of XS module to speedup request
our $XS_URL_DECODE = try_load_class('URL::Encode::XS');
our $XS_PARSE_QUERY_STRING = try_load_class('CGI::Deurl::XS');
our $_id = 0;
# self->new( env => {}, serializer => $s, is_behind_proxy => 0|1 )
sub new {
my ( $class, @args ) = @_;
# even sized list
@args % 2 == 0
or croak 'Must provide even sized list';
my %opts = @args;
my $env = $opts{'env'};
my $self = $class->SUPER::new($env);
if ( my $s = $opts{'serializer'} ) {
$s->$_does('Dancer2::Core::Role::Serializer')
or croak 'Serializer provided not a Serializer object';
$self->{'serializer'} = $s;
}
# additionally supported attributes
$self->{'id'} = ++$_id;
$self->{'vars'} = {};
$self->{'is_behind_proxy'} = !!$opts{'is_behind_proxy'};
# parameters
$self->{_chunk_size} = 4096;
$self->{_read_position} = 0;
$self->{_http_body} =
HTTP::Body->new( $self->content_type || '', $self->content_length );
$self->{_http_body}->cleanup(1);
$opts{'body_params'}
and $self->{'_body_params'} = $opts{'body_params'};
# parsing body for HMV first (also deserializes body)
$self->body_parameters;
$self->_build_uploads();
return $self;
}
# a buffer for per-request variables
sub vars { $_[0]->{'vars'} }
sub var {
my $self = shift;
@_ == 2
? $self->vars->{ $_[0] } = $_[1]
: $self->vars->{ $_[0] };
}
# I don't like this. I know send_file uses this and I wonder
# if we can remove it.
# -- Sawyer
sub set_path_info { $_[0]->env->{'PATH_INFO'} = $_[1] }
# XXX: incompatible with Plack::Request
sub body { $_[0]->{'body'} ||= $_[0]->_read_to_end }
sub id { $_id }
# Private 'read-only' attributes for request params. See the params()
# method for the public interface.
#
# _body_params, _query_params and _route_params have setter methods that
# decode byte string to characters before setting; If you know you have
# decoded (character) params, such as output from a deserializer, you can
# set these directly in the request object hash to avoid the decode op.
sub _params { $_[0]->{'_params'} ||= $_[0]->_build_params }
sub _has_params { defined $_[0]->{'_params'} }
sub _body_params {
my $self = shift;
# make sure body is parsed
$self->body;
$self->{'_body_params'} ||= _decode( $self->{'_http_body'}->param );
}
sub _query_params { $_[0]->{'_query_params'} }
sub _set_query_params {
my ( $self, $params ) = @_;
$self->{_query_params} = _decode( $params );
}
sub _route_params { $_[0]->{'_route_params'} ||= {} }
sub _set_route_params {
my ( $self, $params ) = @_;
$self->{_route_params} = _decode( $params );
$self->_build_params();
}
# XXX: incompatible with Plack::Request
sub uploads { $_[0]->{'uploads'} }
sub is_behind_proxy { $_[0]->{'is_behind_proxy'} || 0 }
sub host {
my ($self) = @_;
if ( $self->is_behind_proxy and exists $self->env->{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'} ) {
my @hosts = split /\s*,\s*/, $self->env->{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'}, 2;
return $hosts[0];
} else {
return $self->env->{'HTTP_HOST'};
}
}
# aliases, kept for backward compat
sub agent { shift->user_agent }
sub remote_address { shift->address }
sub forwarded_for_address { shift->env->{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'} }
sub forwarded_host { shift->env->{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'} }
# there are two options
sub forwarded_protocol {
$_[0]->env->{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTOCOL'} ||
$_[0]->env->{'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'} ||
$_[0]->env->{'HTTP_FORWARDED_PROTO'}
}
sub scheme {
my ($self) = @_;
my $scheme = $self->is_behind_proxy
? $self->forwarded_protocol
: '';
return $scheme || $self->env->{'psgi.url_scheme'};
}
sub serializer { $_[0]->{'serializer'} }
sub data { $_[0]->{'data'} ||= &deserialize }
sub deserialize {
my $self = shift;
my $serializer = $self->serializer
or return;
# The latest draft of the RFC does not forbid DELETE to have content,
# rather the behaviour is undefined. Take the most lenient route and
# deserialize any content on delete as well.
return
unless grep { $self->method eq $_ } qw/ PUT POST PATCH DELETE /;
# try to deserialize
my $body = $self->body;
$body && length $body > 0
or return;
my $data = $serializer->deserialize($body);
return if !defined $data;
# Set _body_params directly rather than using the setter. Deserializiation
# returns characters and skipping the decode op in the setter ensures
# that numerical data "stays" numerical; decoding an SV that is an IV
# converts that to a PVIV. Some serializers are picky (JSON)..
$self->{_body_params} = $data;
return $data;
}
sub uri { $_[0]->request_uri }
sub is_head { $_[0]->method eq 'HEAD' }
sub is_post { $_[0]->method eq 'POST' }
sub is_get { $_[0]->method eq 'GET' }
sub is_put { $_[0]->method eq 'PUT' }
sub is_delete { $_[0]->method eq 'DELETE' }
sub is_patch { $_[0]->method eq 'PATCH' }
sub is_options { $_[0]->method eq 'OPTIONS' }
# public interface compat with CGI.pm objects
sub request_method { $_[0]->method }
sub input_handle { $_[0]->env->{'psgi.input'} }
sub to_string {
my ($self) = @_;
return "[#" . $self->id . "] " . $self->method . " " . $self->path;
}
sub base {
my $self = shift;
my $uri = $self->_common_uri;
return $uri->canonical;
}
sub _common_uri {
my $self = shift;
my $path = $self->env->{SCRIPT_NAME};
my $port = $self->env->{SERVER_PORT};
my $server = $self->env->{SERVER_NAME};
my $host = $self->host;
my $scheme = $self->scheme;
my $uri = URI->new;
$uri->scheme($scheme);
$uri->authority( $host || "$server:$port" );
$uri->path( $path || '/' );
return $uri;
}
sub uri_base {
my $self = shift;
my $uri = $self->_common_uri;
my $canon = $uri->canonical;
if ( $uri->path eq '/' ) {
$canon =~ s{/$}{};
}
return $canon;
}
sub dispatch_path {
my $self = shift;
my $path = $self->path;
# Want $self->base->path, without needing the URI object,
# and trim any trailing '/'.
my $base = '';
$base .= $self->script_name if defined $self->script_name;
$base =~ s|/+$||;
# Remove base from front of path.
$path =~ s|^(\Q$base\E)?||;
$path =~ s|^/+|/|;
# PSGI spec notes that '' should be considered '/'
$path = '/' if $path eq '';
return $path;
}
sub uri_for {
my ( $self, $part, $params, $dont_escape ) = @_;
$part ||= '';
my $uri = $self->base;
# Make sure there's exactly one slash between the base and the new part
my $base = $uri->path;
$base =~ s|/$||;
$part =~ s|^/||;
$uri->path("$base/$part");
$uri->query_form($params) if $params;
return $dont_escape
? uri_unescape( ${ $uri->canonical } )
: ${ $uri->canonical };
}
sub params {
my ( $self, $source ) = @_;
return %{ $self->_params } if wantarray && @_ == 1;
return $self->_params if @_ == 1;
if ( $source eq 'query' ) {
return %{ $self->_query_params || {} } if wantarray;
return $self->_query_params;
}
elsif ( $source eq 'body' ) {
return %{ $self->_body_params || {} } if wantarray;
return $self->_body_params;
}
if ( $source eq 'route' ) {
return %{ $self->_route_params } if wantarray;
return $self->_route_params;
}
else {
croak "Unknown source params \"$source\".";
}
}
sub query_parameters {
my $self = shift;
$self->{'query_parameters'} ||= do {
if ($XS_PARSE_QUERY_STRING) {
my $query = CGI::Deurl::XS::parse_query_string(
$self->env->{'QUERY_STRING'}
);
Hash::MultiValue->new(
map {;
my $key = $_;
ref $query->{$key} eq 'ARRAY'
? ( map +( $key => $_ ), @{ $query->{$key} } )
: ( $key => $query->{$key} )
} keys %{$query}
);
} else {
# defer to Plack::Request
$self->_parse_query;
}
};
}
# this will be filled once the route is matched
sub route_parameters { $_[0]->{'route_parameters'} ||= Hash::MultiValue->new }
sub _set_route_parameters {
my ( $self, $params ) = @_;
# remove reserved splat parameter name
# you should access splat parameters using splat() keyword
delete @{$params}{qw<splat captures>};
$self->{'route_parameters'} = Hash::MultiValue->from_mixed( %{$params} );
}
sub body_parameters {
my $self = shift;
$self->{'plack.request.body'}
and return $self->{'plack.request.body'};
# handle case of serializer
if ( my $data = $self->deserialize ) {
return Hash::MultiValue->from_mixed(
ref $data eq 'HASH' ? %{$data} : ()
);
}
$self->_parse_request_body;
return $self->env->{'plack.request.body'};
}
sub parameters {
my ( $self, $type ) = @_;
# handle a specific case
if ($type) {
my $attr = "${type}_parameters";
return $self->$attr;
}
$self->env->{'plack.request.merged'} ||= do {
my $query = $self->query_parameters;
my $body = $self->body_parameters;
my $route = $self->route_parameters; # not in Plack::Request
Hash::MultiValue->new( map $_->flatten, $query, $body, $route );
};
}
sub captures { shift->params->{captures} || {} }
sub splat { @{ shift->params->{splat} || [] } }
# XXX: incompatible with Plack::Request
sub param { shift->params->{ $_[0] } }
sub _decode {
my ($h) = @_;
return if not defined $h;
if ( !ref($h) && !utf8::is_utf8($h) ) {
return decode( 'UTF-8', $h );
}
if ( ref($h) eq 'HASH' ) {
return { map {my $t = _decode($_); $t} (%$h) };
}
if ( ref($h) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
return [ map _decode($_), @$h ];
}
return $h;
}
sub is_ajax {
my $self = shift;
return 0 unless defined $self->headers;
return 0 unless defined $self->header('X-Requested-With');
return 0 if $self->header('X-Requested-With') ne 'XMLHttpRequest';
return 1;
}
# XXX incompatible with Plack::Request
# context-aware accessor for uploads
sub upload {
my ( $self, $name ) = @_;
my $res = $self->{uploads}{$name};
return $res unless wantarray;
return () unless defined $res;
return ( ref($res) eq 'ARRAY' ) ? @$res : $res;
}
sub _build_params {
my ($self) = @_;
# params may have been populated by before filters
# _before_ we get there, so we have to save it first
my $previous = $self->_has_params ? $self->_params : {};
# now parse environment params...
my $get_params = $self->_parse_get_params();
# and merge everything
$self->{_params} = {
map +( ref $_ eq 'HASH' ? %{$_} : () ),
$previous,
$get_params,
$self->_body_params,
$self->_route_params,
};
}
sub _url_decode {
my ( $self, $encoded ) = @_;
return URL::Encode::XS::url_decode($encoded) if $XS_URL_DECODE;
my $clean = $encoded;
$clean =~ tr/\+/ /;
$clean =~ s/%([a-fA-F0-9]{2})/pack "H2", $1/eg;
return $clean;
}
sub _parse_get_params {
my ($self) = @_;
return $self->_query_params if defined $self->{_query_params};
my $query_params = {};
my $source = $self->env->{QUERY_STRING};
return if !defined $source || $source eq '';
if ($XS_PARSE_QUERY_STRING) {
$self->_set_query_params(
CGI::Deurl::XS::parse_query_string($source) || {}
);
return $self->_query_params;
}
foreach my $token ( split /[&;]/, $source ) {
my ( $key, $val ) = split( /=/, $token );
next unless defined $key;
$val = ( defined $val ) ? $val : '';
$key = $self->_url_decode($key);
$val = $self->_url_decode($val);
# looking for multi-value params
if ( exists $query_params->{$key} ) {
my $prev_val = $query_params->{$key};
if ( ref($prev_val) && ref($prev_val) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
push @{ $query_params->{$key} }, $val;
}
else {
$query_params->{$key} = [ $prev_val, $val ];
}
}
# simple value param (first time we see it)
else {
$query_params->{$key} = $val;
}
}
$self->_set_query_params( $query_params );
return $self->_query_params;
}
sub _read_to_end {
my ($self) = @_;
my $content_length = $self->content_length;
return unless $self->_has_something_to_read();
my $body = '';
if ( $content_length && $content_length > 0 ) {
while ( my $buffer = $self->_read() ) {
$body .= $buffer;
}
$self->{_http_body}->add($body);
}
return $body;
}
sub _has_something_to_read {
my ($self) = @_;
return 0 unless defined $self->input_handle;
}
# taken from Miyagawa's Plack::Request::BodyParser
sub _read {
my ( $self ) = @_;
my $remaining = $self->content_length - $self->{_read_position};
my $maxlength = $self->{_chunk_size};
return if ( $remaining <= 0 );
my $readlen = ( $remaining > $maxlength ) ? $maxlength : $remaining;
my $buffer;
my $rc;
$rc = $self->input_handle->read( $buffer, $readlen );
if ( defined $rc ) {
$self->{_read_position} += $rc;
return $buffer;
}
else {
croak "Unknown error reading input: $!";
}
}
# Taken gently from Plack::Request, thanks to Plack authors.
sub _build_uploads {
my ($self) = @_;
# build the body and body params
my $body_params = $self->_body_params;
my $uploads = _decode( $self->{_http_body}->upload );
my %uploads;
for my $name ( keys %{$uploads} ) {
my $files = $uploads->{$name};
$files = ref $files eq 'ARRAY' ? $files : [$files];
my @uploads = map Dancer2::Core::Request::Upload->new(
headers => $_->{headers},
tempname => $_->{tempname},
size => $_->{size},
filename => $_->{filename},
), @{$files};
$uploads{$name} = @uploads > 1 ? \@uploads : $uploads[0];
# support access to the filename as a normal param
my @filenames = map $_->{'filename'}, @uploads;
$self->{_body_params}{$name} =
@filenames > 1 ? \@filenames : $filenames[0];
}
$self->{uploads} = \%uploads;
}
# XXX: incompatible with Plack::Request
sub cookies { $_[0]->{'cookies'} ||= $_[0]->_build_cookies }
sub _build_cookies {
my $self = shift;
my $cookies = {};
my $http_cookie = $self->header('Cookie');
return $cookies unless defined $http_cookie; # nothing to do
foreach my $cookie ( split( /[,;]\s/, $http_cookie ) ) {
# here, we don't want more than the 2 first elements
# a cookie string can contains something like:
# cookie_name="foo=bar"
# we want `cookie_name' as the value and `foo=bar' as the value
my ( $name, $value ) = split( /\s*=\s*/, $cookie, 2 );
my @values;
if ( defined $value and $value ne '' ) {
@values = map uri_unescape($_), split( /[&;]/, $value );
}
$cookies->{$name} =
Dancer2::Core::Cookie->new( name => $name, value => \@values );
}
return $cookies;
}
1;
__END__
=pod
=encoding UTF-8
=head1 NAME
Dancer2::Core::Request - Interface for accessing incoming requests
=head1 VERSION
version 0.166001
=head1 SYNOPSIS
In a route handler, the current request object can be accessed by the
C<request> keyword:
get '/foo' => sub {
request->params; # request, params parsed as a hash ref
request->body; # returns the request body, unparsed
request->path; # the path requested by the client
# ...
};
=head1 DESCRIPTION
An object representing a Dancer2 request. It aims to provide a proper
interface to anything you might need from a web request.
=head1 METHODS
=head2 address
Return the IP address of the client.
=head2 base
Returns an absolute URI for the base of the application. Returns a L<URI>
object (which stringifies to the URL, as you'd expect).
=head2 body_parameters
Returns a L<Hash::MultiValue> object representing the POST parameters.
=head2 body
Return the raw body of the request, unparsed.
If you need to access the body of the request, you have to use this accessor and
should not try to read C<psgi.input> by hand. C<Dancer2::Core::Request>
already did it for you and kept the raw body untouched in there.
=head2 content
Returns the undecoded byte string POST body.
=head2 cookies
Returns a reference to a hash containing cookies, where the keys are the names of the
cookies and values are L<Dancer2::Core::Cookie> objects.
=head2 data
If the application has a serializer and if the request has serialized
content, returns the deserialized structure as a hashref.
=head2 dispatch_path
The part of the C<path> after C<base>. This is the path used
for dispatching the request to routes.
=head2 env
Return the current PSGI environment hash reference.
=head2 header($name)
Return the value of the given header, if present. If the header has multiple
values, returns an the list of values if called in list context, the first one
in scalar.
=head2 headers
Returns either an L<HTTP::Headers> or an L<HTTP::Headers::Fast> object
representing the headers.
=head2 id
The ID of the request. This allows you to trace a specific request in loggers,
per the string created using C<to_string>.
The ID of the request is essentially the number of requests run in the current
class.
=head2 input
Alias to C<input_handle> method below.
=head2 input_handle
Alias to the PSGI input handle (C<< <request->env->{psgi.input}> >>)
=head2 is_ajax
Return true if the value of the header C<X-Requested-With> is
C<XMLHttpRequest>.
=head2 is_delete
Return true if the method requested by the client is 'DELETE'
=head2 is_get
Return true if the method requested by the client is 'GET'
=head2 is_head
Return true if the method requested by the client is 'HEAD'
=head2 is_post
Return true if the method requested by the client is 'POST'
=head2 is_put
Return true if the method requested by the client is 'PUT'
=head2 is_options
Return true if the method requested by the client is 'OPTIONS'
=head2 logger
Returns the C<psgix.logger> code reference, if exists.
=head2 method
Return the HTTP method used by the client to access the application.
While this method returns the method string as provided by the environment, it's
better to use one of the following boolean accessors if you want to inspect the
requested method.
=head2 new
The constructor of the class, used internally by Dancer2's core to create request
objects.
It uses the environment hash table given to build the request object:
Dancer2::Core::Request->new( env => $env );
There are two additional parameters for instantiation:
=over 4
=item * serializer
A serializer object to work with when reading the request body.
=item * body_params
Provide body parameters.
Used internally when we need to avoid parsing the body again.
=back
=head2 param($key)
Calls the C<params> method below and fetches the key provided.
=head2 params($source)
Called in scalar context, returns a hashref of params, either from the specified
source (see below for more info on that) or merging all sources.
So, you can use, for instance:
my $foo = params->{foo}
If called in list context, returns a list of key and value pairs, so you could use:
my %allparams = params;
=head2 parameters
Returns a L<Hash::MultiValue> object with merged GET and POST parameters.
=head2 path
The path requested by the client, normalized. This is effectively
C<path_info> or a single forward C</>.
=head2 path_info
The raw requested path. This could be empty. Use C<path> instead.
=head2 port
Return the port of the server.
=head2 protocol
Return the protocol (I<HTTP/1.0> or I<HTTP/1.1>) used for the request.
=head2 query_parameters
Returns a L<Hash::MultiValue> parameters object.
=head2 query_string
Returns the portion of the request defining the query itself - this is
what comes after the C<?> in a URI.
=head2 raw_body
Alias to C<content> method.
=head2 remote_address
Alias for C<address> method.
=head2 remote_host
Return the remote host of the client. This only works with web servers configured
to do a reverse DNS lookup on the client's IP address.
=head2 request_method
Alias to the C<method> accessor, for backward-compatibility with C<CGI> interface.
=head2 request_uri
Return the raw, undecoded request URI path.
=head2 scheme
Return the scheme of the request
=head2 script_name
Return script_name from the environment.
=head2 secure
Return true or false, indicating whether the connection is secure - this is
effectively checking if the scheme is I<HTTPS> or not.
=head2 serializer
Returns the optional serializer object used to deserialize request parameters.
=head2 session
Returns the C<psgix.session> hash, if exists.
=head2 session_options
Returns the C<psgix.session.options> hash, if exists.
=head2 to_string
Return a string representing the request object (e.g., C<GET /some/path>).
=head2 upload($name)
Context-aware accessor for uploads. It's a wrapper around an access to the hash
table provided by C<uploads()>. It looks at the calling context and returns a
corresponding value.
If you have many file uploads under the same name, and call C<upload('name')> in
an array context, the accessor will unroll the ARRAY ref for you:
my @uploads = request->upload('many_uploads'); # OK
Whereas with a manual access to the hash table, you'll end up with one element
in C<@uploads>, being the arrayref:
my @uploads = request->uploads->{'many_uploads'};
# $uploads[0]: ARRAY(0xXXXXX)
That is why this accessor should be used instead of a manual access to
C<uploads>.
=head2 uploads
Returns a reference to a hash containing uploads. Values can be either a
L<Dancer2::Core::Request::Upload> object, or an arrayref of
L<Dancer2::Core::Request::Upload>
objects.
You should probably use the C<upload($name)> accessor instead of manually accessing the
C<uploads> hash table.
=head2 uri
An alias to C<request_uri>.
=head2 uri_base
Same thing as C<base> above, except it removes the last trailing slash in the
path if it is the only path.
This means that if your base is I<http://myserver/>, C<uri_base> will return
I<http://myserver> (notice no trailing slash). This is considered very useful
when using templates to do the following thing:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="[% request.uri_base %]/css/style.css" />
=head2 uri_for(path, params)
Constructs a URI from the base and the passed path. If params (hashref) is
supplied, these are added to the query string of the URI.
Thus, with the following base:
http://localhost:5000/foo
You get the following behavior:
my $uri = request->uri_for('/bar', { baz => 'baz' });
print $uri; # http://localhost:5000/foo/bar?baz=baz
C<uri_for> returns a L<URI> object (which can stringify to the value).
=head2 user
Return remote user if defined.
=head2 var
By-name interface to variables stored in this request object.
my $stored = $request->var('some_variable');
returns the value of 'some_variable', while
$request->var('some_variable' => 'value');
will set it.
=head2 vars
Access to the internal hash of variables:
my $value = $request->vars->{'my_key'};
You want to use C<var> above.
=head1 Common HTTP request headers
Commonly used client-supplied HTTP request headers are available through
specific accessors:
=over 4
=item C<accept>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_ACCEPT>.
=item C<accept_charset>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET>.
=item C<accept_encoding>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING>.
=item C<accept_language>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE>.
=item C<agent>
Alias for C<user_agent>) below.
=item C<connection>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_CONNECTION>.
=item C<content_encoding>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING>.
=item C<content_length>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH>.
=item C<content_type>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE>.
=item C<forwarded_for_address>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR>.
=item C<forwarded_host>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST>.
=item C<forwarded_protocol>
One of either C<HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTOCOL>, C<HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO>, or
C<HTTP_FORWARDED_PROTO>.
=item C<host>
Checks whether we are behind a proxy using the C<is_behind_proxy>
configuration option, and if so returns the first
C<HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST>, since this is a comma separated list.
If you have not configured that you behind a proxy, it returns HTTP
header C<HTTP_HOST>.
=item C<keep_alive>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_KEEP_ALIVE>.
=item C<referer>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_REFERER>.
=item C<user_agent>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_USER_AGENT>.
=item C<x_requested_with>
HTTP header: C<HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH>.
=back
=head1 Fetching only params from a given source
If a required source isn't specified, a mixed hashref (or list of key value
pairs, in list context) will be returned; this will contain params from all
sources (route, query, body).
In practical terms, this means that if the param C<foo> is passed both on the
querystring and in a POST body, you can only access one of them.
If you want to see only params from a given source, you can say so by passing
the C<$source> param to C<params()>:
my %querystring_params = params('query');
my %route_params = params('route');
my %post_params = params('body');
If source equals C<route>, then only params parsed from the route pattern
are returned.
If source equals C<query>, then only params parsed from the query string are
returned.
If source equals C<body>, then only params sent in the request body will be
returned.
If another value is given for C<$source>, then an exception is triggered.
=head1 EXTRA SPEED
If L<Dancer2::Core::Request> detects the following modules as installed,
it will use them to speed things up:
=over 4
=item * L<URL::Encode::XS>
=item * L<CGI::Deurl::XS>
=back
=head1 AUTHOR
Dancer Core Developers
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2015 by Alexis Sukrieh.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
=cut