FCGI::EV - Implement FastCGI protocol for use in EV-based applications
This document describes FCGI::EV version 1.0.9
use FCGI::EV; use Some::FCGI::EV::Handler; # while in EV::loop, accept incoming connection from web server into # $sock, then start handling FastCGI protocol on that connection, # using Some::FCGI::EV::Handler for processing CGI requests: FCGI::EV->new($sock, 'Some::FCGI::EV::Handler'); # # EXAMPLE: complete FastCGI server (without error handling code) # use FCGI::EV::Std handler (download separately from CPAN) # use Socket; use Fcntl; use EV; use FCGI::EV; use FCGI::EV::Std; my $path = '/tmp/fastcgi.sock'; socket my $srvsock, AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0; unlink $path; my $umask = umask 0; # ensure 0777 perms for unix socket bind $srvsock, sockaddr_un($path); umask $umask; listen $srvsock, SOMAXCONN; fcntl $srvsock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK; my $w = EV::io $srvsock, EV::READ, sub { accept my($sock), $srvsock; fcntl $sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK; FCGI::EV->new($sock, 'FCGI::EV::Std'); }; EV::loop;
This module implement FastCGI protocol for use in EV-based applications. (That mean you have to run EV::loop in your application or this module will not work.)
It receive and parse data from web server, pack and send data to web server, but it doesn't process CGI requests received from web server - instead it delegate this work to another module called 'handler'. For one example of such handler, see FCGI::EV::Std.
FCGI::EV work using non-blocking sockets and initially was designed to use in event-based CGI applications (which able to handle multiple parallel CGI requests in single process without threads/fork). This require from CGI to avoid any operations which may block, like using SQL database - instead CGI should delegate all such tasks to remote services and talk to these services in non-blocking mode.
It also possible to use it to run usual CGI.pm-based applications. If you will do this using FCGI::EV::Std handler, then only one CGI request will be executed at a time (which is probably not what you expect from FastCGI!), because FCGI::EV::Std doesn't implement any process-manager. But it's possible to develop another handlers for FCGI::EV, which will support process-management and so will handle multiple CGI request in parallel.
This module doesn't require from user to use CGI.pm - any module for parsing CGI params can be used in general (details depends on used FCGI::EV handler module).
Start talking FastCGI protocol on $sock (which should be socket open to just-connected web server), and use $class to handle received CGI requests.
Module $class should implement "FCGI::EV handler" interface. You can use either FCGI::EV::Std from CPAN or develop your own.
Return nothing. (Created FCGI::EV object will work in background and will be automatically destroyed after finishing I/O with web server.)
Handler class (which name provided in $class parameter to FCGI::EV->new()) must implement this interface:
When FCGI::EV object receive initial part of CGI request (environment variables) it will call $handler_class->new() to create handler object which should process that CGI request.
Parameter $server is FCGI::EV object itself. It's required to send CGI reply. WARNING! Handler may keep only weaken() reference to $server!
After calling new() FCGI::EV object ($server) will continue receiving STDIN content from web server and will call $handler->stdin() each time it get next part of STDIN.
The $data is next chunk of STDIN received from web server. Flag $is_eof will be true if $data was last part of STDIN.
Usually handler shouldn't begin processing CGI request until all content of STDIN will be received.
This method is optional. It will be called when connection to web server is closed and FCGI::EV object going to die (but it's still exists when DESTROY is called - except if DESTROY was called while global destruction stage).
Handler object may use DESTROY to interrupt current CGI request if web server close connection before CGI send it reply.
After handler got %env (in new()) and complete STDIN (in one or more calls of stdin()) it may start handling this CGI request and prepare reply to send to web server. To send this data it should use method $server->stdout(), where $server is object given to new() while creating handler object (it should keep weak reference to $server inside to be able to reply).
CGI may send reply in one or more parts. Last part should have $is_eof set to true. DESTROY method of handler object will be called shortly after handler object will do $server->stdout( $data, 1 ).
This handler will process CGI requests one-by-one (i.e. in blocking mode). On request function main::main() will be executed. That function may use standard CGI.pm module to get request parameters and send it reply using usual print to STDOUT.
There no error-handling code in this example, see FCGI::EV::Std for more details.
package FCGI::EV::ExampleHandler; use Scalar::Util qw( weaken ); use CGI::Stateless; # needed to re-init CGI.pm state between requests sub new { my ($class, $server, $env) = @_; my $self = bless { server => $server, env => $env, stdin => q{}, }, $class; weaken($self->{server}); return $self; } sub stdin { my ($self, $stdin, $is_eof) = @_; $self->{stdin} .= $stdin; if ($is_eof) { local *STDIN; open STDIN, '<', \$self->{stdin}; local %ENV = %{ $self->{env} }; local $CGI::Q = CGI::Stateless->new(); local *STDOUT; my $reply = q{}; open STDOUT, '>', \$reply; main::main(); $self->{server}->stdout($reply, 1); } return; }
There no errors returned in any way by this module, but there few warning messages may be printed:
FCGI::EV: IO: %s
While doing I/O with web server error %s happened and connection was closed.
FCGI::EV: %s
While parsing data from web server error %s happened and connection was closed. (That error probably mean bug either in web server or this module.)
FCGI::EV requires no configuration files or environment variables.
IO::Stream EV
None reported.
No bugs have been reported.
Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-fcgi-ev@rt.cpan.org, or through the web interface at http://rt.cpan.org.
bug-fcgi-ev@rt.cpan.org
Alex Efros <powerman-asdf@ya.ru>
<powerman-asdf@ya.ru>
Copyright (c) 2009, Alex Efros <powerman-asdf@ya.ru>. All rights reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See perlartistic.
BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
To install FCGI::EV, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm FCGI::EV
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install FCGI::EV
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.