NAME

OpenInteract2::Manual::Security - Security in OpenInteract2

SYNOPSIS

This part of the OpenInteract manual describes how the security subsystem works.

BASICS

There are two layers of security in OpenInteract:

1. Action security

2. Data security

Action security specifies whether a particular user can generally accomplish a particular task. Data security determines whether the user can perform a particular action on a particular object, or even see the object at all. The distinction between the two is important for application programmers, but they're implemented in a unified fashion. This method of implementation is a good thing but it might be confusing to newcomers.

IMPLEMENTATION

Every SPOPS class can have security implemented by setting the configuration key is_secure to 'yes'.

NOTE: This is different than OI 1.x where you had to place SPOPS::Secure in the 'isa' configuration key.

Removing security from the class is as simple as setting is_secure to something other than 'yes', but note that doing so will not remove the actual security objects that were previously created.

Setup of database

Here's an idea of how the table for security objects is setup (using PostgreSQL syntax):

 CREATE TABLE security (
  sid          int not null,
  object_id    varchar(200) not null,
  class        varchar(20) not null,
  scope        char(1) not null,
  scope_id     varchar(16) not null default 'world',
  level        char(1) not null,
  primary key  ( sid ),
  unique       ( object_id, class, scope, scope_id )
 )

Some notes on this table:

• sid: a unique number is necessary for each security object (auto-increment/sequence).

• object_id: represents the unique ID for the object being secured. For handlers this is generally '0'.

• class: the class of the object being secured (e.g, 'OpenInteract2::User')

• scope: w (world) | g (group) | u (user)

• scope_id: the ID of the user or group for which the scope holds; the default takes hold when we do not specify a scope_id, which should only be when we specify a scope of 'w'

• level: 1 (none) | 4 (read) | 8 (write) (actual numbers not final; use the exported constants specified by SPOPS::Secure.)

We use sid as a primary key but also enforce uniqueness to ensure we do not try to specify two different levels of security for the user or group (or for the whole world) on the same object.

Security as object

Each setting to an object is itself an object. In this manner we can use the SPOPS framework to create/edit/remove security settings. (Note that if you modify the SPOPS::Secure::DBI class to use SPOPS::Secure in its @ISA, you'll probably collapse the Earth in a self-referential object definition cycle. Don't do that.)

The security object has some extra methods you can use to easily retrieve security information for a particular object or class. The fetch_by_object() method will return a hashref (indexed by scope) of security settings for a particular object, and the fetch_match() method will return the particular security object matching an object and a specific scope (e.g., 'user ID 1, group ID 5'). See SPOPS::Secure::DBI for usage details and more information.

USING SECURITY

Security is interwoven into SPOPS. So when you try to perform any action upon an object, its security is checked. (If you're using SPOPS by itself you need tell it how to fetch User and Group objects. But OpenInteract2 already does this for you.)

For instance, when you do a simple fetch on a class that has implemented security:

 my $file = eval {
     OpenInteract2::MyFileClass->fetch( $id )
 };

SPOPS first ensures that the current user can READ it before fetching it. It does so by checking the permissions that have been previously set on an object. If the current user has no permissions on the object, SPOPS throws a security error explaining that the current user has no permission to see the requested object. Since this is not a fatal error, your action can continue working but display an error to the user, or whatever you want.

You can check for this as follows:

 my $file = eval {
     OpenInteract2::MyFileClass->fetch( $id )
 };
 if ( $@->isa( 'SPOPS::Exception::Security' ) ) {
     warn "You do not have permission to look at item $id";
 }
 else {
     warn "Error when trying to retrieve item $id: $@";
 }

Similarly, if you try to retrieve a group of objects, SPOPS will only return those objects for which the current user has READ (or higher) permission. You can determine which objects the user has WRITE access to by inspecting the object property {tmp_security_level}, which is always set by the fetch() method. For instance:

 my $file = eval {
     OpenInteract2::MyFileClass->fetch( $id )
 };
 if ( $obj->{tmp_security_level} == SEC_LEVEL_READ ) { 
    warn "User has READ access";
 }
 elsif ( $obj->{tmp_security_level} == SEC_LEVEL_WRITE ) { 
    warn "User has WRITE access";
 }

If you try to write (create, update or remove) an object, SPOPS ensures that the current user has permission to do so. Note that while updating or removing an object is fairly simple -- we just check the permissions on the existing item -- creating an object is somewhat more difficult.

Creating an object can be very application specific. For instance, if you're implementing a file explorer program the permission to upload a new file (or create a new file object) depends on the user's permission for the directory object the file is being uploaded to. If the user only has READ permission, then creating a new file is prohibited. However, WRITE permission allows the file to be uploaded properly.

And once the object has been created, what other users/groups should have permission and at what level? Since this is very application-specific, so SPOPS does not impose a particular behavior on your objects. Instead, it allows you to setup default permissions on the class. (See below.)

Default Object Permissions

Even though we've covered object security and data security, there remains a little hole.

Each SPOPS class can have default permissions setup. This should alleviate the need to create specific security_* handlers for your class. For instance, you can specify that you want all users to be able to create objects of a particular class and each created object will have READ permission enabled for the 'Public' group and WRITE permission for the 'Site Admin' group.

Here's how to setup default security in an INI file found in the base_user package:

 [user]
 class     = OpenInteract2::User
 is_secure = yes
 ...
 
 [user creation_security]
 user   = 
 group  = site_admin_group:WRITE
 world  = READ

So here we've declared that every 'user' object created by the system will have READ permission for the world and WRITE permission for the group key 'site_admin_group'. This key corresponds to an entry in your server configuration file under 'default_objects', and you can add your own. For instance, say you had a 'content admin' group that should have WRITE access to all instances of the 'document' SPOPS object. First, declare the group and its ID (we'll assume '5' for our example) in your server configuration:

 [default_objects]
 ...
 public_group        = 2
 site_admin_group    = 3
 content_admin_group = 5

Then set the relevant SPOPS 'creation_security' key:

 [document]
 class     = OpenInteract2::Document
 is_secure = yes
 ...
 
 [document creation_security]
 user   = 
 group  = content_admin_group:WRITE
 world  = READ

FUTURE WORK

In the future, we may implement a 'Security Policy' which tells the system what you or members of your group should do when creating an object. Currently, the permissions are specified in the SPOPS object configuration file using the 'initial security' key.

SEE ALSO

SPOPS::Manual::Security

SPOPS::Secure::DBI

SPOPS::Secure

SPOPS::Secure::Hierarchy

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2002-2005 Chris Winters. All rights reserved.

AUTHORS

Chris Winters <chris@cwinters.com>

cpanm OpenInteract2::URL

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install OpenInteract2::URL