Muldis::D::SeeAlso - External resources that you really ought to look at
This document is Muldis::D::SeeAlso version 0.138.0.
This document is a central location within the Muldis::D distribution where any important recommendations of or links to external resources go. This includes both resources that were helpful in making Muldis D, as well as resources that are or could be related to Muldis D.
These externally distributed projects are full or partial implementations of the Muldis D language.
This is the first full implementation of Muldis D that is intended for production use, written in Perl 5 by Muldis Data Systems, Inc., and licensed under the GNU LGPL version 3 or later. It is a sub-language implementation, in a manner of speaking, such that users would typically specify Hosted Data Muldis D code using native Perl 5 data structures and compile/execute them against a Perl 5 module embedded in their otherwise Perl 5 application.
This is another implementation whose only main difference is that it is written in Perl 6, for embedding in Perl 6 programs. Also, it is currently distributed only with the Perl 6 implementation called Pugs (http://www.pugscode.org/) in its ext/ directory. This Perl 6 version started out being developed in parallel with the Perl 5 version, but then focus shifted to just develop the Perl 5 version; eventually the further improved Perl 5 version will be translated to Perl 6, but that hasn't happened yet. Eventually this Perl 6 version will become the main version, when Perl 6 implementations are in common use; meanwhile, the Perl 5 version is the only main one.
ext/
Set::Relation provides a simple Perl-native facility for an application to organize and process information using the relational model of data, without having to employ a separate DBMS, and without having to employ a whole separate sub-language (such as Muldis::Rosetta does). Rather, it is integrated a lot more into the Perl way of doing things, and you use it much like a Perl array or hash, or like some other third-party Set:: modules available for Perl. This is a standalone Perl 5 object class that represents a Muldis D relation value, and its methods implement all the Muldis D relational operators. It is intended for production use, is written by Muldis Data Systems, Inc., and is licensed under the GNU LGPL version 3 or later.
This is the Perl 6 version of the same-named Perl 5 module. This version as it currently exists is actually a lot older than the Perl 5 one, and the Perl 5 one is a rewrite of it. In the near future, the current Perl 5 module will be ported to Perl 6 again to replace it.
It is desired to make a Parrot (http://www.parrot.org/) hosted implementation of Muldis D. This would be the most like a typical application programming language implementation, such that applications or libraries are written in Plain Text Muldis D source files, compiled, and executed, the same way as Perl itself or any other Parrot hosted language.
Please see the separately distributed Muldis::D::Manual distribution for Pod files with a potentially large collection of examples, tutorials, FAQs, and so on that help people learn how to employ Muldis D and its implementations for the things they need to do. In particular, there should be a lot of help given for people migrating from other systems that use different paradigms than Muldis D does, for example SQL-using systems.
While making the Muldis D language, the following resources were found to be particularly useful:
This is the Hugh Darwen's and Christopher J. Date's home on the web for "The Third Manifesto" (TTM), their formal proposal for a solid foundation for data and database management systems (DBMSs); like Edgar F. Codd's original papers, TTM can be seen as an abstract blueprint for the design of a DBMS and the language interface to such a DBMS. It consists in essence of a rigorous set of principles, stated in the form of a series of prescriptions and proscriptions, that the authors require adherence to on the part of a hypothetical database programming language that they call D.
The proposal would avoid 'Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch' between object-oriented programming languages and RDBMSs by fully supporting all the capabilities of the relational model. The main objective of The Third Manifesto, besides being theoretically sound and avoiding arbitrary restrictions and pragmatic debasement of the relational model, is to make a simple, restricted and precise definition of the role of object orientation in database management systems emphasizing the few valid ideas from object modeling that are orthogonal to relational modeling.
Muldis D has officially incorporated this blueprint into its own design, and implements its principles without compromise, and so it is a concrete language that qualifies as a D. The TTM web site contains various useful documents and links on the subject, some being specified further below.
Christopher J. Date, Hugh Darwen - "Databases, Types, and The Relational Model: The Third Manifesto, 3rd edition, Addison-Wesley, 2006 (ISBN: 0-321-39942-0)"; see http://www.aw-bc.com/catalog/academic/product/0,1144,0321399420,00.html.
This is the thicker, college level textbook about The Third Manifesto, and it is the most central of the authors' publications, able to stand alone and present nearly everything important. It includes an informal overview of both the relational model and a theory of types, a reference section with the Manifesto proper and a grammar for a teaching language based on its principles called Tutorial D, a larger section which explains and rationalizes the parts of the Manifesto, and sections that do likewise for type inheritance what the earlier sections do with the Manifesto proper.
Note that the web site for The Third Manifesto, mentioned above, has reproduced several chapters and appendices from this book. Chapter 4 (http://web.onetel.com/~hughdarwen/TheThirdManifesto/CHAP04.pdf) is the 15-page heart of the book and has the actual TTM definition, upon which the rest of the book expands on, rationalizes, and gives examples of. Chapter 5 (http://web.onetel.com/~hughdarwen/TheThirdManifesto/CHAP05.pdf) gives the complete grammar of "Tutorial D", which is a computationally complete programming language with fully integrated database functionality, whose principal purpose is to serve as a teaching vehicle.
Christopher J. Date - "Database in Depth: Relational Theory for Practitioners, 1st edition, Oreilly, 2005 (ISBN: 0-596-10012-4)"; see http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/databaseid/.
This is the first printed book that Muldis D's author had read fully, which is related to The Third Manifesto, and it was their main introduction. It explains in an easy to follow matter just what the relational data model really is, a solid and provable logical system, and partially contrasts with SQL's distorted view of it. While being easy to follow, the book is written towards people that are already database professionals, and doesn't go into the basics that we should already know.
Edgar F. Codd - "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks"
Reprinted from Communications of the ACM, Vol. 13, No. 6, June 1970, pp. 377-387. Copyright © 1970, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.
This is the second famous 1969/1970 publication that first presented a relational model of data to the world, which is the basis for the modern database industry.
This web page of Whitemarsh Information Systems Corporation, run by one of the people on the SQL standard drafting community, has copies of the official SQL:2008, SQL:2003 and SQL:1999 specification documents, and other related helpful documents about SQL, in PDF format. For example, http://www.wiscorp.com/sql200n.zip (warning, large file) has "documents which will likely be the documents that represent the SQL 2008 Standard".
Unicode Standard official documentation.
The Wikipedia article on the relational data model, and related topics.
The Wikipedia article on Tuple calculus, a basis of the relational model.
The Wikipedia article on logical connectives, which explains the 16 dyadic boolean logic operations and symbols.
Another explanation of the 16 dyadic boolean logic operations and symbols.
Also, the vendor documentation for various relational and/or SQL databases such as MySQL and SQLite were regularly consulted, and various other sites.
Besides the Muldis::Rosetta framework, other projects exist which attempt to implement The Third Manifesto fully and without compromise (that lack anti-TTM features), though their current implementations may be incomplete and/or in development. None of these use 'SQL' as their native language.
These software projects are released under a free and open source license, as Muldis::Rosetta is, so you have the freedom to use the software for any purpose, to examine the project source code, change it, and redistribute it:
Rel is a relational database server, written by Dave Voorhis (d.voorhis@derby.ac.uk), that implements Date and Darwen's "Tutorial D" language mainly "by the book". It is written in Java (version 1.5) and is operating-system independent. It is licensed under the GNU GPL.
d.voorhis@derby.ac.uk
Duro is a relational database library, written by René Hartmann (rhartmann@users.sourceforge.net). It is written in C (with a Tcl interface), is implemented on top of the Berkeley DB database library, and runs on all POSIX/Unix-like and 32-bit Windows operating systems. It is licensed under the GNU GPL.
rhartmann@users.sourceforge.net
Dee is an implementation of D (built on the relational algebra operators) as an extension to Python, written by Greg Gaughan (gjgaughan@users.sourceforge.net). It is written in Python and is operating-system independent. It is licensed under the GNU GPL.
gjgaughan@users.sourceforge.net
These software projects are released with access to the project source code but lack permissions on use, modification, or redistribution that are essential to qualify as free and open source software; some are available at zero cost:
FlipDB is a relational database management system written by Paul Mansour (paul@carlislegroup.com). Pending a full implementation of the relational algebra, FlipDB uses a simple but powerful query technique that simulates relation-valued attributes and obviates the need for outer join (or any explicit join). The author is using Date's and Darwen's work as a guide, and his intention is to not violate any of the principles set forth in TTM, if not to implement all of Tutorial D. It is written in Dyalog APL, in a functional style with no loops or control structures, and runs only on 32-bit Windows operating systems. It is available under a shared source agreement for personal use and study.
paul@carlislegroup.com
These software projects are released without access to the project source code or permission to change them, though some are available at zero cost:
Opus is a command-line relational database development system, written by David Cauz (dcauz@rogers.com) and Paul Church, that implements its own "Opus" language (that has the syntactic style of C). It is written in C and only runs on Windows.
dcauz@rogers.com
These project designs were made for academic purposes and don't include implementations:
This is a final year project by UMIST student Peter Nicol.
Some DBMS exist which desire to support TTM principles but still justify themselves to provide features that are anti-TTM. They may or may not use a SQL dialect as their command language.
Genezzo is a micro kernel style enterprise-strength SQL database server, written mainly by Jeffrey Cohen (jcohen@cpan.org), currently under construction. It is written in a hybrid of C and Perl 5, and runs on any operating system. It is licensed under the GNU GPL.
jcohen@cpan.org
Note: Genezzo sans its SQL interface is currently a front-line candidate for implementing a production / industrial strength Muldis::Rosetta Engine.
Dataphor is a TTM-inspired commercial database application development tool set, owned by Alphora (a division of Softwise, Inc.), that implements its own "D4" language. While TTM conformant in many other respects, Alphora found it necessary to support SQL-style nulls. It is written to the .Net platform and only runs on Windows. It is implemented using a federated server that employs various other database engines for storage.
Teradata is a commercial DBMS that, as far as the developers know, is the only SQL-DBMS that supports and/or defaults to set semantics. They also support, but don't encourage the use of, a mode that supports bag semantics. Bindings for many programming languages exist, including for Perl 5.
Many DBMS exist which do not expressly support TTM principles and/or actively embrace anti-TTM features. Many of those use a SQL dialect as their primary or only interface; a relative few are listed here.
SQLite is a small library that implements a fully transactional file-based SQL database engine, written mainly by D. Richard Hipp (Hwaci - Applied Software Research). It is written in C (with creator-bundled Tcl bindings) and runs on any operating system, being particularly suited for embedded devices. It is committed to the public domain and can be used in any other license of program. Bindings for many programming languages exist, including for Perl 5.
PostgreSQL is a powerful SQL database server, owned by the PostgreSQL Global Development Group. It is written in C and runs on any operating system. It is licensed under a BSD-like license, specifically the license of the University of California. Bindings for many programming languages exist, including for Perl 5.
MySQL is a multi-engine SQL database server, owned by MySQL AB. It is written in C and runs on any operating system. It is dual-licensed under the GNU GPL (at no cost) and under a proprietary license (for a fee). Bindings for many programming languages exist, including for Perl 5.
Firebird is a mature SQL database server, forked from the open sources of InterBase by Inprise/Borland; portions are owned by Inprise/Borland and members of the Firbird Foundation. It is written in C++ (newer version) and runs on any operating system. Portions are licensed under various Mozilla-Public-like licenses, specifically the Interbase Public License and the Initial Developer's Public License. Bindings for many programming languages exist, including for Perl 5.
Many DBMS exist that are neither TTM/D-based nor primarily SQL based; a relative few are listed here.
Darren Duncan (darren@DarrenDuncan.net)
darren@DarrenDuncan.net
This file is part of the formal specification of the Muldis D language.
Muldis D is Copyright © 2002-2010, Muldis Data Systems, Inc.
See the LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT of Muldis::D for details.
The TRADEMARK POLICY in Muldis::D applies to this file too.
The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS in Muldis::D apply to this file too.
To install Muldis::D, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm
cpanm Muldis::D
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell install Muldis::D
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.