NAME

No::Worries::Proc - process handling without worries

SYNOPSIS

  use No::Worries::Proc qw(proc_run proc_create proc_monitor proc_detach);

  # simple interface to execute a command
  $status = proc_run(command => [ "foo", "-x", 7 ]);
  printf("foo exited with %d\n", $status);

  # idem but with output redirection and more information
  %proc = proc_run(command => [ qw(uname -a) ], stdout => \$output);
  printf("process %d output is %s\n", $proc->{pid}, $output);

  # start two process and wait for them to finish
  $p1 = proc_create(
      command => \@cmd1,
      timeout => 5,           # to be killed if still running after 5s
      stderr  => "/dev/null", # discard stderr
  );
  $p2 = proc_create(
      command => \@cmd2,
      stdout  => \$output,    # get stdout+stderr in $output
      stderr  => "",          # merge stderr with stdout
  );
  proc_monitor([ $p1, $p2 ], timeout => 10);
  printf("%d finished\n", $p1->{pid}) if $p1->{stop};
  printf("%d finished\n", $p2->{pid}) if $p2->{stop};

  # detach ourself to run as a daemon
  proc_detach(callback => sub { print("started with pid $_[0]\n")});

DESCRIPTION

This module eases process handling by providing high level functions to start, monitor and stop processes. All the functions die() on error.

It also provides the $No::Worries::Proc::Transient variable that indicates, after a fork(), which process is transient and is about to exec() or exit(). This is useful for instance in an END block:

  END {
      # remove our pid file unless we are transient
      pf_unset($pidfile) unless $No::Worries::Proc::Transient;
  }

FUNCTIONS

This module provides the following functions (none of them being exported by default):

proc_output(COMMAND...)

execute the given command, capture its output (stdout only), check its exit code (report an error if it is not zero) and return the captured output; this is similar to Perl's qx() operator but bypassing the shell and always checking the exit code

proc_create(OPTIONS)

create a new process that will execute the given command and return a hash reference representing this process (see the "PROCESS STRUCTURE" sections for more information), to be given to proc_monitor() or proc_terminate() afterwards; supported options:

• command: the command to execute, it must be an array reference

• cwd: the current working directory of the new process

• timeout: the maximum number of seconds that the process is allowed to take to run (can be fractional); after this, it may be killed by proc_monitor()

• kill: how to "gently" kill the process, see below

• stdin: what to do with stdin, see below

• stdout: what to do with stdout, see below

• stderr: what to do with stderr, see below

proc_terminate(PROC[, OPTIONS])

terminate the given process (PROC can be either a process structure or simply a process id) by sending signals and waiting for the process to finish; supported options:

• kill: how to "gently" kill the process, see below

proc_monitor(PROCS[, OPTIONS])

monitor the given process(es) (as created by proc_create()); PROCS can be either a single process or a reference to a list of processes; supported options:

• timeout: the maximum number of seconds that proc_monitor() should take, can be fractional

• bufsize: the buffer size to use for I/O operations (default: 8192)

• deaths: the minimum number of process deaths that proc_monitor() will wait for before returning

proc_run(OPTIONS)

execute the given process (i.e. create and monitor it until termination) and return its status (i.e. $?) in scalar context or the whole process structure in list context; supported options: the ones of proc_create()

proc_detach([OPTIONS])

detach the current process so that it becomes a daemon running in the background (this implies forking and re-opening std*); supported options:

• callback: code reference that will be executed by the parent process just before exiting and will be given the child pid

PROCESS STRUCTURE

The process structure (hash) used in this module has the following fields:

• command: the command being executed, as an array reference

• pid: the process id

• start: the start time, in fractional seconds

• stop: the stop time, in fractional seconds

• status: the status (i.e. $?)

• timeout: true if the process has been killed because of timeout

FILE DESCRIPTOR REDIRECTION

When using the stdin option of proc_create(), the value can be:

• a string: input will be read from the given file name

• a scalar reference: input will be the scalar itself

When using the stdout and stderr options of proc_create(), the value can be:

• a string: output will be written to the given file name

• a scalar reference: output will be stored in the scalar

• a code reference: each time new output is available, the code will be called with two parameters: the process structure and the new output

In addition, stderr can also be given an empty string that means that stderr should be merged with stdout.

KILL SPECIFICATION

Both proc_create() and proc_terminate() can be given a kill option that specifies how the process should be killed.

The specification is a string containing a space separated list of signal/grace couples, meaning: send the given signal and wait a bit for the process to finish.

If not specified, the default is TERM/1 INT/1 QUIT/1, meaning:

• send SIGTERM and wait up to 1 second for the process to finish

• if the process is still alive, send SIGINT and wait up to 1 second

• if the process is still alive, send SIGQUIT and wait up to 1 second

• if the process is still alive, send SIGKILL (implicit)

GLOBAL VARIABLES

This module uses the following global variables (none of them being exported):

$Transient

true if the process is about to exec() or exit(), there is usually no need to perform any cleanup (e.g. in an END block) for this kind of process

SEE ALSO

No::Worries.

AUTHOR

Lionel Cons http://cern.ch/lionel.cons

Copyright (C) CERN 2012-2013

cpanm No::Worries

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install No::Worries