NAME

Ryu::Source - base representation for a source of events

SYNOPSIS

 my $src = Ryu::Source->new;
 my $chained = $src->map(sub { $_ * $_ })->prefix('value: ')->say;
 $src->emit($_) for 1..5;
 $src->finish;

DESCRIPTION

This is probably the module you'd want to start with, if you were going to be using any of this. There's a disclaimer in Ryu that may be relevant at this point.

GLOBALS

$FUTURE_FACTORY

This is a coderef which should return a new Future-compatible instance.

Example overrides might include:

 $Ryu::Source::FUTURE_FACTORY = sub { Mojo::Future->new->set_label($_[1]) };

%ENCODER

An encoder is a coderef which takes input and returns output.

METHODS

new

Takes named parameters, such as:

• label - the label used in descriptions

Note that this is rarely called directly, see "from", "empty" and "never" instead.

from

Creates a new source from things.

The precise details of what this method supports may be somewhat ill-defined at this point in time. It is expected that the interface and internals of this method will vary greatly in versions to come.

empty

Creates an empty source, which finishes immediately.

never

An empty source that never finishes.

METHODS - Instance

describe

Returns a string describing this source and any parents - typically this will result in a chain like from->combine_latest->count.

encode

Passes each item through an encoder.

The first parameter is the encoder to use, the remainder are used as options for the selected encoder.

Examples:

 $src->encode('json')
 $src->encode('utf8')
 $src->encode('base64')

decode

Passes each item through a decoder.

The first parameter is the decoder to use, the remainder are used as options for the selected decoder.

Examples:

 $src->decode('json')
 $src->decode('utf8')
 $src->decode('base64')

print

Shortcut for -each(sub { print }) >, except this will also save the initial state of $\ and use that for each call for consistency.

say

Shortcut for ->each(sub { print "$_\n" }).

hexdump

Convert input bytes to a hexdump representation, for example:

 00000000 00 00 12 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 80 00 >................<
 00000010 04 00 01 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff ff 00 00 04 08 00 >................<
 00000020 00 00 00 00 7f ff 00 00                         >........<

One line is emitted for each 16 bytes.

Takes the following named parameters:

• continuous - accumulates data for a continuous stream, and does not reset the offset counter. Note that this may cause the last output to be delayed until the source completes.

throw

Throws something. I don't know what, maybe a chair.

pause

Does nothing useful.

resume

Is about as much use as "pause".

is_paused

Might return 1 or 0, but is generally meaningless.

debounce

Not yet implemented.

Requires timing support, see implementations such as Ryu::Async instead.

chomp

Chomps all items with the given delimiter.

Once you've instantiated this, it will stick with the delimiter which was in force at the time of instantiation. Said delimiter follows the usual rules of $/, whatever they happen to be.

Example:

 $ryu->stdin
     ->chomp("\n")
     ->say

map

A bit like "map" in perlfunc.

Takes a single parameter - the coderef to execute for each item. This should return a scalar value which will be used as the next item.

Often useful in conjunction with a do block to provide a closure.

Examples:

 $src->map(do {
   my $idx = 0;
   sub {
    [ @$_, ++$idx ]
   }
 })

flat_map

Similar to "map", but will flatten out some items:

• an arrayref will be expanded out to emit the individual elements

• for a Ryu::Source, passes on any emitted elements

This also means you can "merge" items from a series of sources.

Note that this is not recursive - an arrayref of arrayrefs will be expanded out into the child arrayrefs, but no further.

split

Splits the input on the given delimiter.

By default, will split into characters.

Note that each item will be processed separately - the buffer won't be retained across items, see "by_line" for that.

chunksize

Splits input into fixed-size chunks.

Note that output is always guaranteed to be a full chunk - if there is partial input at the time the input stream finishes, those extra bytes will be discarded.

by_line

Emits one item for each line in the input. Similar to "split" with a \n parameter, except this will accumulate the buffer over successive items and only emit when a complete line has been extracted.

prefix

Applies a string prefix to each item.

suffix

Applies a string suffix to each item.

sprintf_methods

Convenience method for generating a string from a "sprintf"-style format string and a set of method names to call.

Note that any undef items will be mapped to an empty string.

Example:

 $src->sprintf_methods('%d has name %s', qw(id name))
     ->say
     ->await;

as_list

Resolves to a list consisting of all items emitted by this source.

as_arrayref

Resolves to a single arrayref consisting of all items emitted by this source.

as_string

Concatenates all items into a single string.

Returns a Future which will resolve on completion.

combine_latest

Takes the most recent item from one or more Ryu::Sources, and emits an arrayref containing the values in order.

An item is emitted for each update as soon as all sources have provided at least one value. For example, given 2 sources, if the first emits 1 then 2, then the second emits a, this would emit a single [2, 'a'] item.

with_index

Emits arrayrefs consisting of [ $item, $idx ].

with_latest_from

Similar to "combine_latest", but will start emitting as soon as we have any values. The arrayref will contain undef for any sources which have not yet emitted any items.

merge

Emits items as they are generated by the given sources.

Example:

 $numbers->merge($letters)->say # 1, 'a', 2, 'b', 3, 'c'...

apply

Used for setting up multiple streams.

Accepts a variable number of coderefs, will call each one and gather Ryu::Source results.

switch_str

Given a condition, will select one of the alternatives based on stringified result.

Example:

 $src->switch_str(
  sub { $_->name }, # our condition
  smith => sub { $_->id }, # if this matches the condition, the code will be called with $_ set to the current item
  jones => sub { $_->parent->id },
  sub { undef } # and this is our default case
 );

ordered_futures

Given a stream of Futures, will emit the results as each Future is marked ready. If any fail, the stream will fail.

This is a terrible name for a method, expect it to change.

concurrent

distinct

Emits new distinct items, using string equality with an exception for undef (i.e. undef is treated differently from empty string or 0).

Given 1,2,3,undef,2,3,undef,'2',2,4,1,5, you'd expect to get the sequence 1,2,3,undef,4,5.

distinct_until_changed

Removes contiguous duplicates, defined by string equality.

sort_by

Emits items sorted by the given key. This is a stable sort function.

The algorithm is taken from List::UtilsBy.

nsort_by

Emits items numerically sorted by the given key. This is a stable sort function.

See "sort_by".

rev_sort_by

Emits items sorted by the given key. This is a stable sort function.

The algorithm is taken from List::UtilsBy.

rev_nsort_by

Emits items numerically sorted by the given key. This is a stable sort function.

See "sort_by".

extract_all

Expects a regular expression and emits hashrefs containing the named capture buffers.

The regular expression will be applied using the m//gc operator.

Example:

 $src->extract_all(qr{/(?<component>[^/]+)})
 # emits { component => '...' }, { component => '...' }

skip

Skips the first N items.

skip_last

Skips the last N items.

take

Takes a limited number of items.

Given a sequence of 1,2,3,4,5 and ->take(3), you'd get 1,2,3 and then the stream would finish.

first

Returns a source which provides the first item from the stream.

some

Applies the given code to each item, and emits a single item:

• 0 if the code never returned true or no items were received

• 1 if the code ever returned a true value

every

Similar to "some", except this requires the coderef to return true for all values in order to emit a 1 value.

count

Emits the count of items seen once the parent source completes.

sum

Emits the numeric sum of items seen once the parent completes.

mean

Emits the mean (average) numerical value of all seen items.

max

Emits the maximum numerical value of all seen items.

min

Emits the minimum numerical value of all seen items.

statistics

Emits a single hashref of statistics once the source completes.

This will contain the following keys:

• count

• sum

• min

• max

• mean

filter

Applies the given parameter to filter values.

The parameter can be a regex or coderef. You can also pass (key, value) pairs to filter hashrefs or objects based on regex or coderef values.

Examples:

 $src->filter(name => qr/^[A-Z]/, id => sub { $_ % 2 })

filter_isa

Emits only the items which ->isa one of the given parameters. Will skip non-blessed items.

emit

Emits the given item.

each

each_as_source

completed

Returns a Future indicating completion (or failure) of this stream.

await

Block until this source finishes.

finish

Mark this source as completed.

METHODS - Proxied

The following methods are proxied to our completion Future:

• then

• is_ready

• is_done

• failure

• is_cancelled

• else

METHODS - Internal

chained

Returns a new Ryu::Source chained from this one.

each_while_source

Like "each", but removes the source from the callback list once the parent completes.

map_source

Provides a "chained" source which has more control over what it emits than a standard "map" or "filter" implementation.

 $original->map_source(sub {
  my ($item, $src) = @_;
  $src->emit('' . reverse $item);
 });

new_future

Used internally to get a Future.

AUTHOR

Tom Molesworth <TEAM@cpan.org>

LICENSE

Copyright Tom Molesworth 2011-2018. Licensed under the same terms as Perl itself.

cpanm Ryu

perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Ryu